Subpart Z - Toxic and Hazardous Substances

Subpart Z provides requirements relating to employee exposures to air contaminants and the following health hazards: asbestos, coal tar pitch volatiles, 13 carcinogens (e.g., 4-Nitrobiphenyl, alpha-Naphthylamine, chloromethyl ether, 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts), bis-Chloromethyl ether, beta-Naphthylamine, Benzidine, 4-Aminodiphenyl, Ethyleneimine, beta-Propiolactone, 2-Acetylaminofluorene, 4-Dimethylaminoazo-benzene, and N-Nitrosodimethylamine), vinyl chloride, inorganic arsenic, beryllium, lead, chromium (VI), cadmium, benzene, coke oven emissions, cotton dust, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, methylinedianiline, respirable crystalline silica, ionizing radiation, ethylene oxide, 1,3-butadiene, ethylene chloride, formaldehyde, bloodborne pathogens, acrylonitrile, hazard communication, and chemical hazards in laboratories. It also provides requirements pertaining to employee medical and exposure records and DOT markings, placards, and labels.   

To learn if subpart Z applies to you, go to Does "Subpart Z - Toxic and Hazardous Substances" Apply to You?

Special Requirements

Tab/Accordion Items

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for exposure to air contaminants. 

Special Requirements: Exposure monitoring, ceiling values, PPE, protective measures, administrative controls, approved, competent industrial hygienist, qualified person, engineering controls, exposures, exposure limit, time weighted average, computation formula, determine, references other standards

An employee's exposure to any substance listed in Tables Z-1 - limits for air contaminants, Z-2, or Z-3 - mineral dusts, of this section shall be limited in accordance with the requirements of the following paragraphs of this section.

1910.1000(a)(1) - Substances with limits preceded by "C"—Ceiling Values. An employee's exposure to any substance in Table Z-1, the exposure limit of which is preceded by a "C", shall at no time exceed the exposure limit given for that substance. If instantaneous monitoring is not feasible, then the ceiling shall be assessed as a 15-minute time weighted average exposure which shall not be exceeded at any time during the working day.

1910.1000(a)(2) - Other substances—8-hour Time Weighted Averages. An employee's exposure to any substance in Table Z-1, the exposure limit of which is not preceded by a "C", shall not exceed the 8-hour Time Weighted Average given for that substance in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week.

1910.1000(b) - Table Z-2. An employee's exposure to any substance listed in Table Z-2 shall not exceed the exposure limits specified as follows: [Reference paragraph (b)(1) - (3)].

1910.1000(c) - Table Z-3. An employee's exposure to any substance listed in Table Z-3, in any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week, shall not exceed the 8-hour time weighted average limit given for that substance in the table.

1910.1000(d) - Computation formulae. The computation formula which shall apply to employee exposure to more than one substance for which 8-hour time weighted averages are listed in subpart Z of 29 CFR part 1910 in order to determine whether an employee is exposed over the regulatory limit is as follows: [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (2)].

1910.1000(e) - To achieve compliance with paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section, administrative or engineering controls must first be determined and implemented whenever feasible. When such controls are not feasible to achieve full compliance, protective equipment or any other protective measures shall be used to keep the exposure of employees to air contaminants within the limits prescribed in this section. Any equipment and/or technical measures used for this purpose must be approved for each particular use by a competent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person. Whenever respirators are used, their use shall comply with 1910.134 - respiratory protection.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to asbestos.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure levels, written notification, data, results, method, work practices, objective data, time-weighted average, determination, notify, affected employees, corrective action, exposure monitoring, excursion limit, regulated areas, demarcation, compliance program (written), engineering controls, respiratory protection program, self-help smoking cessation program material, asbestos awareness training course, work practice controls, review, update, employee rotation, authorized persons, PPE (i.e., respirators), cleaning, labels, laundry, showers, communication, training, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, hazard communication program, safety data sheets, change rooms, demonstrate, designate, inform, records, due diligence, posting, signs, treat, classifying hazards, duties, determine, employee participation, sign/label specifications, training program, building and facility owners, medical surveillance program, housekeeping, medical surveillance, analytical techniques, industrial hygienist, physician, examinations, objective data, results, exposure measurements, recordkeeping, inform, statement, instruct, physician's written opinion, employee observation, written request, safety and health procedures, observation procedures, references other standards

1910.1001(a)(2) - This section does not apply to construction work as defined in 29 CFR 1910.12(b) - construction work. (Exposure to asbestos in construction work is covered by 29 CFR 1926.1101 - asbestos).

1910.1001(a)(3) - This section does not apply to ship repairing, shipbuilding and shipbreaking employments and related employments as defined in 29 CFR 1915.4 - definitions. (Exposure to asbestos in these employments is covered by 29 CFR 1915.1001 - asbestos).

1910.1001(c)(1) - Time-weighted average limit (TWA). The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air as an eight (8)-hour time-weighted average (TWA) as determined by the method prescribed in Appendix A - OSHA reference method - mandatory, to this section, or by an equivalent method.

1910.1001(c)(2) - Excursion limit. The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 1.0 fiber per cubic centimeter of air (1 f/cc) as averaged over a sampling period of thirty (30) minutes as determined by the method prescribed in Appendix A - OSHA reference method - mandatory, to this section, or by an equivalent method.

1910.1001(d) - Exposure monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (7)].

  • 1910.1001(d)(1) - General. [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1001(d)(2) - Initial monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1001(d)(3) - Monitoring frequency (periodic monitoring) and patterns. After the initial determinations required by paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the employees. In no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than six months for employees whose exposures may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the TWA permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit.
  • 1910.1001(d)(4) - Changes in monitoring frequency. If either the initial or the periodic monitoring required by paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3) of this section statistically indicates that employee exposures are below the TWA permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit, the employer may discontinue the monitoring for those employees whose exposures are represented by such monitoring.
  • 1910.1001(d)(5) - Additional monitoring. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (d)(2)(ii) and (d)(4) of this section, the employer shall institute the exposure monitoring required under paragraphs (d)(2)(i) and (d)(3) of this section whenever there has been a change in the production, process, control equipment, personnel or work practices that may result in new or additional exposures above the TWA permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit or when the employer has any reason to suspect that a change may result in new or additional exposures above the PEL and/or excursion limit.
  • 1910.1001(d)(6) - Method of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(6)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1001(d)(7) - Employee notification of monitoring results.
    • 1910.1001(d)(7)(i) - The employer must, within 15 working days after the receipt of the results of any monitoring performed under this sections, notify each affected employee of these results either individually in writing or by posting the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to affected employees.
    • 1910.1001(d)(7)(ii) - The written notification required by paragraph (d)(7)(i) of this section shall contain the corrective action being taken by the employer to reduce employee exposure to or below the TWA and/or excursion limit, wherever monitoring results indicated that the TWA and/or excursion limit had been exceeded.

1910.1001(e) - Regulated Areas.

  • 1910.1001(e)(1) - Establishment. The employer shall establish regulated areas wherever airborne concentrations of asbestos and/or PACM are in excess of the TWA and/or excursion limit prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section.
  • 1910.1001(e)(2) - Demarcation. Regulated areas shall be demarcated from the rest of the workplace in any manner that minimizes the number of persons who will be exposed to asbestos.
  • 1910.1001(e)(3) - Access. Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons or to persons authorized by the Act or regulations issued pursuant thereto.
  • 1910.1001(e)(4) - Provision of respirators. Each person entering a regulated area shall be supplied with and required to use a respirator, selected in accordance with paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
  • 1910.1001(e)(5) - Prohibited activities. The employer shall ensure that employees do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply cosmetics in the regulated areas.

1910.1001(f) - Methods of compliance. 

  • 1910.1001(f)(1) - Engineering controls and work practices. [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (x)].
  • 1910.1001(f)(2) - Compliance program.
    • 1910.1001(f)(2)(i) - Where the TWA and/or excursion limit is exceeded, the employer shall establish and implement a written program to reduce employee exposure to or below the TWA and to or below the excursion limit by means of engineering and work practice controls as required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section, and by the use of respiratory protection where required or permitted under this section.
    • 1910.1001(f)(2)(ii) - Such programs shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to reflect significant changes in the status of the employer's compliance program.
    • 1910.1001(f)(2)(iii) - Written programs shall be submitted upon request for examination and copying to the Assistant Secretary, the Director, affected employees and designated employee representatives.
    • 1910.1001(f)(2)(iv) - The employer shall not use employee rotation as a means of compliance with the TWA and/or excursion limit.
  • 1910.1001(f)(3) - Specific compliance methods for brake and clutch repair: [Reference paragraph (f)(3)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1001(g)(1) - General. For employees who use respirators required by this section, the employer must provide each employee an appropriate respirator that complies with the requirements of this paragraph. Respirators must be used during: [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (iv)].

1910.1001(g)(2) - Respirator program. [Reference paragraph (g)(2)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1001(g)(3) - Respirator selection. Employers must: [Reference paragraph (g)(3)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1001(h) - Protective work clothing and equipment. 

1910.1001(i) - Hygiene facilities and practices.

1910.1001(j) - Communication of hazards to employees - Introduction. This section applies to the communication of information concerning asbestos hazards in general industry to facilitate compliance with this standard. Asbestos exposure in general industry occurs in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Employees who manufacture asbestos-containing products may be exposed to asbestos fibers. Employees who repair and replace automotive brakes and clutches may be exposed to asbestos fibers. In addition, employees engaged in housekeeping activities in industrial facilities with asbestos product manufacturing operations, and in public and commercial buildings with installed asbestos containing materials may be exposed to asbestos fibers. Most of these workers are covered by this general industry standard, with the exception of state or local governmental employees in non-state plan states. It should be noted that employees who perform housekeeping activities during and after construction activities are covered by the asbestos construction standard, 29 CFR 1926.1101 - asbestos, formerly 1926.58. However, housekeeping employees, regardless of industry designation, should know whether building components they maintain may expose them to asbestos. The same hazard communication provisions will protect employees who perform housekeeping operations in all three asbestos standards; general industry, construction, and shipyard employment. As noted in the construction standard, building owners are often the only and/or best source of information concerning the presence of previously installed asbestos containing building materials. Therefore they, along with employers of potentially exposed employees, are assigned specific information conveying and retention duties under this section.

1910.1001(j)(1)  - Hazard communication - general.

  • 1910.1001(j)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§1910.1200) for asbestos.
  • 1910.1001(j)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of asbestos at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer and lung effects.
  • 1910.1001(j)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include asbestos in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of asbestos and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (j)(7) of this section.

1910.1001(j)(2) - Installed Asbestos Containing Material. Employers and building owners are required to treat installed TSI and sprayed on and troweled-on surfacing materials as ACM in buildings constructed no later than 1980 for purposes of this standard. These materials are designated "presumed ACM or PACM", and are defined in paragraph (b) of this section. Asphalt and vinyl flooring material installed no later than 1980 also must be treated as asbestos-containing. The employer or building owner may demonstrate that PACM and flooring material do not contain asbestos by complying with paragraph (j)(8)(iii) of this section.

1910.1001(j)(3) - Duties of employers and building and facility owners.

  • 1910.1001(j)(3)(i) - Building and facility owners shall determine the presence, location, and quantity of ACM and/or PACM at the work site. Employers and building and facility owners shall exercise due diligence in complying with these requirements to inform employers and employees about the presence and location of ACM and PACM.
  • 1910.1001(j)(3)(ii) - Building and facility owners shall maintain records of all information required to be provided pursuant to this section and/or otherwise known to the building owner concerning the presence, location and quantity of ACM and PACM in the building/facility. Such records shall be kept for the duration of ownership and shall be transferred to successive owners.
  • 1910.1001(j)(3)(iii) - Building and facility owners shall inform employers of employees, and employers shall inform employees who will perform housekeeping activities in areas which contain ACM and/or PACM of the presence and location of ACM and/or PACM in such areas which may be contacted during such activities.

1910.1001(j)(4) - Warning signs.

  • 1910.1001(j)(4)(i) - Posting. Warning signs shall be provided and displayed at each regulated area. In addition, warning signs shall be posted at all approaches to regulated areas so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area.
  • 1910.1001(j)(4)(ii) - Sign specifications.
  • 1910.1001(j)(4)(iii) - The employer shall ensure that employees working in and contiguous to regulated areas comprehend the warning signs required to be posted by paragraph (j)(4)(i) of this section. Means to ensure employee comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, pictographs and graphics.
  • 1910.1001(j)(4)(iv) -  At the entrance to mechanical rooms/areas in which employees reasonably can be expected to enter and which contain ACM and/or PACM, the building owner shall post signs which identify the material which is present, its location, and appropriate work practices which, if followed, will ensure that ACM and/or PACM will not be disturbed. The employer shall ensure, to the extent feasible, that employees who come in contact with these signs can comprehend them. Means to ensure employee comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, pictographs, graphics, and awareness training.

1910.1001(j)(5) - Warning labels.

  • 1910.1001(j)(5)(i) - Labeling. Labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers. When a building owner or employer identifies previously installed ACM and/or PACM, labels or signs shall be affixed or posted so that employees will be notified of what materials contain ACM and/or PACM. The employer shall attach such labels in areas where they will clearly be noticed by employees who are likely to be exposed, such as at the entrance to mechanical room/areas. Signs required by paragraph (j) of this section may be posted in lieu of labels so long as they contain the information required for labeling.
  • 1910.1001(j)(5)(ii) - Label specifications. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (j)(1), the employer shall ensure that labels of bags or containers of protective clothing and equipment, scrap, waste, and debris containing asbestos fibers include the following information: [Reference paragraph (j)(5)(ii) - (iii)].

1910.1001(j)(6) - The provisions for labels and for safety data sheets required by paragraph (j) of this section do not apply where: [Reference paragraph (j)(6)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1001(j)(7) - Employee information and training.

  • 1910.1001(j)(7)(i) - The employer shall train each employee who is exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos at or above the PEL and/or excursion limit in accordance with the requirements of this section. The employer shall institute a training program and ensure employee participation in the program.
  • 1910.1001(j)(7)(ii) - Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter.
  • 1910.1001(j)(7)(iii) - The training program shall be conducted in a manner which the employee is able to understand. The employer shall ensure that each employee is informed of the following: [Reference paragraph (j)(7)(iii)(A) - (J)].
  • 1910.1001(j)(7)(iv) - The employer shall also provide, at no cost to employees who perform housekeeping operations in an area which contains ACM or PACM, an asbestos awareness training course, which shall at a minimum contain the following elements: health effects of asbestos, locations of ACM and PACM in the building/facility, recognition of ACM and PACM damage and deterioration, requirements in this standard relating to housekeeping, and proper response to fiber release episodes, to all employees who perform housekeeping work in areas where ACM and/or PACM is present. Each such employee shall be so trained at least once a year.
  • 1910.1001(j)(7)(v) - Access to information and training materials. [Reference paragraph (j)(7)(v)(A) - (C)].

1910.1001(j)(8)(i) - At any time, an employer and/or building owner may demonstrate, for purposes of this standard, that PACM does not contain asbestos. Building owners and/or employers are not required to communicate information about the presence of building material for which such a demonstration pursuant to the requirements of paragraph (j)(8)(ii) of this section has been made. However, in all such cases, the information, data and analysis supporting the determination that PACM does not contain asbestos, shall be retained pursuant to paragraph (m) - recordkeeping, of this section.

1910.1001(j)(8)(ii) - An employer or owner may demonstrate that PACM does not contain asbestos by the following: [Reference paragraph (j)(8)(ii)(A) - (B)].

1910.1001(j)(8)(iii) - The employer and/or building owner may demonstrate that flooring material including associated mastic and backing does not contain asbestos, by a determination of an industrial hygienist based upon recognized analytical techniques showing that the material is not ACM.

1910.1001(k) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (k)(1) - (8)].

1910.1001(l) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (l)(1) - (8)].

1910.1001(m) - Recordkeeping. 

1910.1001(n)(1) - Employee observation. The employer shall provide affected employees or their designated representatives an opportunity to observe any monitoring of employee exposure to asbestos conducted in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section.

1910.1001(n)(2) - Observation procedures. When observation of the monitoring of employee exposure to asbestos requires entry into an area where the use of protective clothing or equipment is required, the observer shall be provided with and be required to use such clothing and equipment and shall comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures.

1910.1001(o)(1) - Appendices A, D, E, and F to this section are incorporated as part of this section and the contents of these Appendices are mandatory.

1910.1001(o)(2) - Appendices B, G, H, I, and J to this section are informational and are not intended to create any additional obligations not otherwise imposed or to detract from any existing obligations.

Scope: This standard provides the interpretation of term coal tar pitch volatiles.

Special Requirements: References other standards

As used in § 1910.1000 (Table Z-1), coal tar pitch volatiles include the fused polycyclic hydrocarbons which volatilize from the distillation residues of coal, petroleum (excluding asphalt), wood, and other organic matter. Asphalt (CAS 8052-42-4, and CAS 64742-93-4) is not covered under the "coal tar pitch volatiles" standard.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for 13 carcinogens. 

Special Requirements: Labeling requirements, protective clothing and equipment, regulated areas, respirator program (i.e., written program fit-testing, training), shower facilities, measures, post, signs, training, washing facilities, authorized employees, hazard communication program, decontamination procedures, medical surveillance (program), records, maintenance, labels, safety data sheets, classifying, listed hazards, training and indoctrination program, instructions, procedures (i.e., first aid, emergency), inform, statement (furnish), listed carcinogens, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, materials, references other standards 

1910.1003(a)(1) - This section applies to any area in which the 13 carcinogens addressed by this section are manufactured, processed, repackaged, released, handled, or stored, but shall not apply to transshipment in sealed containers, except for the labeling requirements under paragraphs (e)(2), (3) and (4) of this section. The 13 carcinogens are the following:

4-Nitrobiphenyl, Chemical Abstracts Service Register Number (CAS No.) 92933;
alpha-Naphthylamine, CAS No. 134327;
methyl chloromethyl ether, CAS No. 107302;
3,'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts) CAS No. 91941;
bis-Chloromethyl ether, CAS No. 542881;
beta-Naphthylamine, CAS No. 91598;
Benzidine, CAS No. 92875;
4-Aminodiphenyl, CAS No. 92671;
Ethyleneimine, CAS No. 151564;
beta-Propiolactone, CAS No. 57578;
2-Acetylaminofluorene, CAS No. 53963;
4-Dimethylaminoazo-benezene, CAS No. 60117; and
N-Nitrosodimethylamine, CAS No. 62759.

1910.1003(c) - Requirements for areas containing a carcinogen addressed by this section. A regulated area shall be established by an employer where a carcinogen addressed by this section is manufactured, processed, used, repackaged, released, handled or stored. All such areas shall be controlled in accordance with the requirements for the following category or categories describing the operation involved: [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (5)].

1910.1003(d)(1) - Respiratory program. The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with § 1910.134(b) - respiratory protection, definitions, (c) - respiratory protection program, (d) - selection of respirators, [except (d)(1)(iii) and (iv) - general requirements, and (d)(3)] - respirators for atmospheres that are not IDLH, and (e) through (m), which covers each employee required by this section to use a respirator.

1910.1003(d)(2) - Emergencies. In an emergency, immediate measures including, but not limited to, the requirements of paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (v) of this section shall be implemented. [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (v)].

1910.1003(d)(3) - Hygiene facilities and practices.

  • 1910.1003(d)(3)(i) - Storage or consumption of food, storage or use of containers of beverages, storage or application of cosmetics, smoking, storage of smoking materials, tobacco products or other products for chewing, or the chewing of such products are prohibited in regulated areas.
  • 1910.1003(d)(3)(ii) - Where employees are required by this section to wash, washing facilities shall be provided in accordance with § 1910.141(d) (1) and (2)(ii) through (vii).
  • 1910.1003(d)(3)(iii) - Where employees are required by this section to shower, shower facilities shall be provided in accordance with § 1910.141(d)(3) - sanitation.
  • 1910.1003(d)(3)(iv) - Where employees wear protective clothing and equipment, clean change rooms shall be provided for the number of such employees required to change clothes, in accordance with § 1910.141(e) - sanitation.
  • 1910.1003(d)(3)(v) - Where toilets are in regulated areas, such toilets shall be in a separate room.

1910.1003(d)(4) - Contamination control.

  • 1910.1003(d)(4)(i) - Except for outdoor systems, regulated areas shall be maintained under pressure negative with respect to nonregulated areas. Local exhaust ventilation may be used to satisfy this requirement. Clean makeup air in equal volume shall replace air removed.
  • 1910.1003(d)(4)(ii) - Any equipment, material, or other item taken into or removed from a regulated area shall be done so in a manner that does not cause contamination in nonregulated areas or the external environment.
  • 1910.1003(d)(4)(iii) - Decontamination procedures shall be established and implemented to remove carcinogens addressed by this section from the surfaces of materials, equipment, and the decontamination facility.

1910.1003(e) - Communication of hazards.

  • 1910.1003(e)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200) for each carcinogen listed in paragraph (e)(1)(iv) of this section.
  • 1910.1003(e)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of carcinogens listed in paragraph (e)(1)(iv) of this section, at least the hazards listed in paragraph (e)(1)(iv) are to be addressed.
  • 1910.1003(e)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include the carcinogens listed in paragraph (e)(1)(iv) of this section in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of the carcinogens listed in paragraph (e)(1)(iv) and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (e)(4) of this section.
  • 1910.1003(e)(1)(iv) - List of Carcinogens: [Reference paragraph (e)(1)(iv)(A) - (m)].
  • 1910.1003(e)(2)(i) - The employer shall post entrances to regulated areas with signs bearing the legend: [Reference paragraph (e)(2)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1003(e)(2)(v) - Appropriate signs and instructions shall be posted at the entrance to, and exit from, regulated areas, informing employees of the procedures that must be followed in entering and leaving a regulated area.
  • 1910.1003(e)(3) - Prohibited statements. No statement shall appear on or near any required sign, label, or instruction that contradicts or detracts from the effect of any required warning, information, or instruction.
  • 1910.1003(e)(4)(i) - Each employee prior to being authorized to enter a regulated area, shall receive a training and indoctrination program including, but not necessarily limited to: [Reference paragraph (e)(4)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1003(g) - Medical surveillance. At no cost to the employee, a program of medical surveillance shall be established and implemented for employees considered for assignment to enter regulated areas, and for authorized employees. [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1003(g)(2)(i) - Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examinations. Records shall be maintained for the duration of the employee's employment.

1910.1003(g)(2)(ii) - Records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020 (a) through (e) and (g) through (i) - access to employee exposure and medical records. These records shall also be provided upon request to the Director.

1910.1003(g)(2)(iii) - Any physician who conducts a medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer a statement of the employee's suitability for employment in the specific exposure.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for alpha-Naphthylamine.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for methyl chloromethyl ether.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for 3,'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts).

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for bis-chloromethyl ether.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for beta-Naphthylamine.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for benzidine.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for 4-aminodiphenyl.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for ethyleneimine.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for beta-propiolactone.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for 2-acetylaminofluorene.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for n-nitrosodimethylamine.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

See § 1910.1003, 13 carcinogens.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to vinyl chloride.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit (PEL), methods of compliance (written programs), monitoring, program, authorized, regulated area, engineering controls, work practice controls, personal protective controls, determination, PPE (i.e., respirator), action level, exposures, training, medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, training program, respiratory protection program, written operational plan (emergency situations), respirator selection, licensed physician, statement, results, classifying, writing, notify, records, warning, information, instruction, procedures, tests, hazard communication program, safety data sheets, signs, labels, post, examinations, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, references other standards

1910.1017(a)(3) - This section applies to the transportation of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride except to the extent that the Department of Transportation may regulate the hazards covered by this section.

1910.1017(c) - Permissible exposure limit. [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (3)].

1910.1017(d) - Monitoring.

  • 1910.1017(d)(1) - A program of initial monitoring and measurement shall be undertaken in each establishment to determine if there is any employee exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the action level. [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (5)].
  • 1910.1017(d)(2) - Where a determination conducted under paragraph (d)(1) of this section shows any employee exposures, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the action level, a program for determining exposures for each such employee shall be established. Such a program: [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1017(e)(1) - A regulated area shall be established where: [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (2)].

1910.1017(f) - Methods of compliance. Employee exposures to vinyl chloride shall be controlled to at or below the permissible exposure limit provided in paragraph (c) of this section by engineering, work practice, and personal protective controls as follows: [Reference paragraph (f)(1) - (3)].

1910.1017(g) - Respiratory protection.

1910.1017(i) - Emergency situations. A written operational plan for emergency situations shall be developed for each facility storing, handling, or otherwise using vinyl chloride as a liquid or compressed gas. Appropriate portions of the plan shall be implemented in the event of an emergency. The plan shall specifically provide that: [Reference paragraph (i)(1) - (2)].

1910.1017(j) - Training. Each employee engaged in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride operations shall be provided training in a program relating to the hazards of vinyl chloride and precautions for its safe use.

1910.1017(k) - Medical surveillance. A program of medical surveillance shall be instituted for each employee exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, to vinyl chloride in excess of the action level. The program shall provide each such employee with an opportunity for examinations and tests in accordance with this paragraph. All medical examinations and procedures shall be performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician, and shall be provided without cost to the employee. [Reference paragraph (k)(1) - (6)].

1910.1017(l) - Communication of hazards.

  • 1910.1017(l)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200) for vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride.
  • 1910.1017(l)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of vinyl chloride at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer; central nervous system effects; liver effects; blood effects; and flammability.
  • 1910.1017(l)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include vinyl chloride in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of vinyl chloride and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (j) - training, of this section.
  • 1910.1017(l)(2) - Signs. [Reference paragraph (l)(2)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1017(l)(3) - Labels. [Reference paragraph (l)(3)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1017(l)(6) - No statement shall appear on or near any required sign, label, or instruction which contradicts or detracts from the effect of any required warning, information, or instruction.

1910.1017(m) - Records. [Reference paragraph (m)(1) - (2)].

  • 1910.1017(m)(2) - Records of required monitoring and measuring and medical records shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020 - Access to employee exposure and medical records, paragraph (a) through (e) and (g) through (i). These records shall be provided upon request to the Director. Authorized personnel rosters shall also be provided upon request to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.

1910.1017(n) - The employer must, within 15 working days after the receipt of the results of any monitoring performed under this section, notify each affected employee of these results and the steps being taken to reduce exposures within the permissible exposure limit either individually in writing or by posting the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to affected employees.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to inorganic arsenic.

Special Requirements: Exposure monitoring, employee notification, notify, results, regulated areas, demarcation, authorized, PPE (i.e., respirators), posting, written notice (statement), affected employee, permissible exposure limit, corrective action, measurement, prohibited activities, methods of compliance, engineering controls, work practice controls, compliance program (written), written plans, operating procedures and maintenance practices, description, report, records, engineering plans, studies, schedule of implementation, monitoring data, written opinion, physician, medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, instruct, employee information and training, written housekeeping and maintenance plan, training program, checks, change rooms, lunchrooms, hazard communication program, labels, safety data sheets, signs, classifying hazards, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, observation procedures, records, recordkeeping, employee participation, references other standards 

1910.1018 (e) - Exposure monitoring. [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (4)].

  • 1910.1018(e)(5)(i) - The employer must, within 15 working days after the receipt of the results of any monitoring performed under this section, notify each affected employee of these results either individually in writing or by posting the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to affected employees.
  • 1910.1018(e)(5)(ii) - Whenever the results indicate that the representative employee exposure exceeds the permissible exposure limit, the employer shall include in the written notice a statement that the permissible exposure limit was exceeded and a description of the corrective action taken to reduce exposure to or below the permissible exposure limit.
  • 1910.1018(e)(6) - Accuracy of measurement. [Reference paragraph (e)(6)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1018(f) - Regulated area. [Reference paragraph (f)(1) - (5)].

1910.1018(g)(1)(ii) - Where engineering and work practice controls are not sufficient to reduce exposures to or below the permissible exposure limit, they shall nonetheless be used to reduce exposures to the lowest levels achievable by these controls and shall be supplemented by the use of respirators in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section and other necessary personal protective equipment. Employee rotation is not required as a control strategy before respiratory protection is instituted.

1910.1018(g)(2)(i) - The employer shall establish and implement a written program (compliance program) to reduce exposures to or below the permissible exposure limit by means of engineering and work practice controls.

1910.1018(g)(2)(ii) - Written plans for these compliance programs shall include at least the following: [Reference paragraph (g)(2)(ii) - (iv)].

1910.1018(h) - Respiratory protection.

1910.1018(j) - Protective work clothing and equipment.

  • 1910.1018(j)(1) - Provision and use. Where the possibility of skin or eye irritation from inorganic arsenic exists, and for all workers working in regulated areas, the employer shall provide at no cost to the employee and assure that employees use appropriate and clean protective work clothing and equipment such as, but not limited to: [Reference paragraph (j)(1)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1018(j)(2) - Cleaning and replacement. [Reference paragraph (j)(2)(i) - (viii)]. 

1910.1018(k) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (k)(1) - (5)]. 

  • 1910.1018(k)(4) - Housekeeping plan. A written housekeeping and maintenance plan shall be kept which shall list appropriate frequencies for carrying out housekeeping operations, and for cleaning and maintaining dust collection equipment. The plan shall be available for inspection by the Assistant Secretary.

1910.1018(m) - Hygiene facilities and practices. [Reference paragraph (m)(1) - (6)]. 

  • 1910.1018(m)(1) - Change rooms. The employer shall provide for employees working in regulated areas or subject to the possibility of skin or eye irritation from inorganic arsenic, clean change rooms equipped with storage facilities for street clothes and separate storage facilities for protective clothing and equipment in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.141(e) - sanitation, change rooms.
  • 1910.1018(m)(2)(ii) - The employer shall provide shower facilities in accordance with §1910.141(d)(3) - sanitation, showers.

1910.1018(n) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (n)(1) - (6)]. 

1910.1018(o)(1)(i) - The employer shall train each employee who is subject to exposure to inorganic arsenic above the action level without regard to respirator use, or for whom there is the possibility of skin or eye irritation from inorganic arsenic, in accordance with the requirements of this section. The employer shall institute a training program and ensure employee participation in the program.

1910.1018(o)(1)(ii) - The training program shall be provided by October 1, 1978, for employees covered by this provision, at the time of initial assignment for those subsequently covered by this provision, and at least annually for other covered employees thereafter; and the employer shall assure that each employee is informed of the following: [Reference paragraph (o)(1)(ii)(A) - (F)]. 

1910.1018(o)(2) - Access to training materials. [Reference paragraph (o)(2)(i) - (ii)]. 

1910.1018(p)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§1910.1200) for inorganic arsenic.

1910.1018(p)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of inorganic arsenic at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer; liver effects; skin effects; respiratory irritation; nervous system effects; and acute toxicity effects.

1910.1018(p)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include inorganic arsenic in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of inorganic arsenic and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (o) of this section.

1910.1018(p)(1)(iv) - The employer shall ensure that no statement appears on or near any sign or label required by this paragraph (p) which contradicts or detracts from the meaning of the required sign or label.

1910.1018(p)(2) - Signs. [Reference paragraph (p)(2)(i) - (iii)]. 

1910.1018(q) - Recordkeeping. [Reference paragraph (q)(1) - (2)]. 

1910.1018(r)(1) - Employee observation. The employer shall provide affected employees or their designated representatives an opportunity to observe any monitoring of employee exposure to inorganic arsenic conducted pursuant to paragraph (e) of this section.

1910.1018(r)(2) - Observation procedures. [Reference paragraph (r)(2)(i) - (ii)]. 

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to the access to employee exposure and medical records.

Exposure Record

Medical Record

Special Requirements: Records, exposure records, medical records, information, analyses, record retention, results, data, transfer of records, monitoring, inform, measures, reports, worksheets, safety data sheets, trade secrets, access to records, references other standards

1910.1020(b)(1) - This section applies to each general industry, maritime, and construction employer who makes, maintains, contracts for, or has access to employee exposure or medical records, or analyses thereof, pertaining to employees exposed to toxic substances or harmful physical agents.

1910.1020(b)(2) - This section applies to all employee exposure and medical records, and analyses thereof, of such employees, whether or not the records are mandated by specific occupational safety and health standards.

1910.1020(b)(3) - This section applies to all employee exposure and medical records, and analyses thereof, made or maintained in any manner, including on an in-house of contractual (e.g., fee-for-service) basis. Each employer shall assure that the preservation and access requirements of this section are complied with regardless of the manner in which the records are made or maintained.

1910.1020(d)(1) - Unless a specific occupational safety and health standard provides a different period of time, each employer shall assure the preservation and retention of records as follows:

  • 1910.1020(d)(1)(i) - Employee medical records. The medical record for each employee shall be preserved and maintained for at least the duration of employment plus thirty (30) years, except that the following types of records need not be retained for any specified period: [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i)(A) - (C)].
  • 1910.1020(d)(1)(ii) - Employee exposure records. Each employee exposure record shall be preserved and maintained for at least thirty (30) years, except that: [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(ii)(A) - (C)].
  • 1910.1020(d)(1)(iii) - Analyses using exposure or medical records. Each analysis using exposure or medical records shall be preserved and maintained for at least thirty (30) years.

1910.1020(d)(2) - Nothing in this section is intended to mandate the form, manner, or process by which an employer preserves a record as long as the information contained in the record is preserved and retrievable, except that chest X-ray films shall be preserved in their original state.

1910.1020(e) - Access to records. [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (3)].

1910.1020(f) - Trade secrets. [Reference paragraph (f)(1) - (13)].

1910.1020(g) - Employee information.

  • 1910.1020(g)(1) - Upon an employee's first entering into employment, and at least annually thereafter, each employer shall inform current employees covered by this section of the following: [Reference paragraph (g)(1) - (2)].

1910.1020(h) - Transfer of records. [Reference paragraph (h)(1) - (2)].

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to beryllium.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, time-weighted average, regulated area, demarcation, inform, signs, authorizes, exposure assessment, notification, results, observation, exposure monitoring, short-term exposure limit, PPE (i.e., respirators, protective clothing), review plan, evaluate plan, demonstrate, methods of compliance, written exposure control plan, lists, procedures, notified, update, engineering controls, work practices, respirator program, hazard communication program, training, prohibited activities, physician, written medical opinion, medical examinations, medical report, information, description, PLHCP, written medical report, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, medical surveillance, safety data sheets, hygiene areas and practices, housekeeping methods, records, recordkeeping, label, demonstrate, warning signs, sign specification, posting, medical removal, information, copy of standard, references other standards

1910.1024(c) - Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs). [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (2)].

1910.1024(d) - Exposure assessment. [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (7)].

1910.1024(e) - Beryllium work areas and regulated areas.

1910.1024(f)(1) - Written exposure control plan.

  • 1910.1024(f)(1)(i) - The employer must establish, implement, and maintain a written exposure control plan, which must contain: [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i)(A) - (I)].
  • 1910.1024(f)(1)(ii) - The employer must review and evaluate the effectiveness of each written exposure control plan at least annually and update it, as necessary, when: [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(A) - (C)].
  • 1910.1024(f)(1)(iii) - The employer must make a copy of the written exposure control plan accessible to each employee who is, or can reasonably be expected to be, exposed to airborne beryllium in accordance with OSHA's Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records (Records Access) standard [§1910.1020(e)].

1910.1024(f)(2)(i) - The employer must use engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee airborne exposure to beryllium to or below the PEL and STEL, unless the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible. Wherever the employer demonstrates that it is not feasible to reduce airborne exposure to or below the PELs with engineering and work practice controls, the employer must implement and maintain engineering and work practice controls to reduce airborne exposure to the lowest levels feasible and supplement these controls using respiratory protection in accordance with paragraph (g) of this standard. [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1024(g)(1) - General. The employer must provide respiratory protection at no cost to the employee and ensure that each employee uses respiratory protection: [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (v)].

1910.1024(g)(2) - Respiratory protection program. Where this standard requires an employer to provide respiratory protection, the selection and use of such respiratory protection must be in accordance with the Respiratory Protection standard (§1910.134).

1910.1024(h) - Personal protective clothing and equipment.

1910.1024(i) - Hygiene areas and practices.

  • 1910.1024(i)(1)(i) - Provide readily accessible washing facilities in accordance with this standard and the Sanitation standard (§1910.141) to remove beryllium from the hands, face, and neck;
  • 1910.1024(i)(2) - Change rooms. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (i)(1)(i) of this standard, the employer must provide employees who are required to use personal protective clothing or equipment under paragraph (h)(1)(ii) of this standard with a designated change room in accordance with this standard and the Sanitation standard (§1910.141) where employees are required to remove their personal clothing.
  • 1910.1024(i)(3)(i) - The employer must provide showers in accordance with the Sanitation standard (§1910.141) where: [Reference paragraph (i)(3)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1024(i)(4)(iii) - Eating and drinking facilities provided by the employer are in accordance with the Sanitation standard (§1910.141). [Reference paragraph (i)(4)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1024(i)(5) - Prohibited activities. The employer must ensure that no employees eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply cosmetics in regulated areas.

1910.1024(j) - Housekeeping.

1910.1024(j)(3)(i) - Except for intra-plant transfers, when the employer transfers materials that contain at least 0.1 percent beryllium by weight or are contaminated with beryllium for disposal, recycling, or reuse, the employer must label the materials in accordance with paragraph (m)(3) of this standard.

1910.1024(k) - Medical surveillance.

  • 1910.1024(k)(1)(i) - The employer must make medical surveillance required by this paragraph available at no cost to the employee, and at a reasonable time and place, to each employee: [Reference paragraph (k)(1)(i)(A) - (D)].
  • 1910.1024(k)(1)(ii) - The employer must ensure that all medical examinations and procedures required by this standard are performed by, or under the direction of, a licensed physician.
  • 1910.1024(k)(4) - Information provided to the PLHCP. The employer must ensure that the examining PLHCP (and the agreed-upon CBD diagnostic center, if an evaluation is required under paragraph (k)(7) of this standard) has a copy of this standard and must provide the following information, if known: [Reference paragraph (k)(4)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1024(k)(5) - Licensed physician's written medical report for the employee. The employer must ensure that the employee receives a written medical report from the licensed physician within 45 days of the examination (including any follow-up BeLPT required under paragraph (k)(3)(ii)(E) of this standard) and that the PLHCP explains the results of the examination to the employee. The written medical report must contain: [Reference paragraph (k)(5)(i) - (v)].
  • 1910.1024(k)(6) - Licensed physician's written medical opinion for the employer. [Reference paragraph (k)(6)(i) - (vi)].
  • 1910.1024(k)(7) - CBD diagnostic center. [Reference paragraph (k)(7)(i) - (vi)].

1910.1024(l) - Medical removal. [Reference paragraph (l)(1) - (4)].

1910.1024(m)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, and employers must comply with all requirements of the HCS (§1910.1200) for beryllium.

1910.1024(m)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of beryllium, at least the following hazards must be addressed: Cancer; lung effects (CBD and acute beryllium disease); beryllium sensitization; skin sensitization; and skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation.

1910.1024(m)(1)(iii) - Employers must include beryllium in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS. Employers must ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of beryllium and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of the HCS (§1910.1200) and paragraph (m)(4) of this standard.

1910.1024(m)(2) - Warning signs.

1910.1024(m)(3) - Warning labels. Consistent with the HCS (§1910.1200), the employer must label each immediate container of clothing, equipment, and materials contaminated with beryllium, and must, at a minimum, include the following on the label: [Reference paragraph (m)(3)].

1910.1024(m)(4) - Employee information and training.

  • 1910.1024(m)(4)(i) - For each employee who has, or can reasonably be expected to have, airborne exposure to or dermal contact with beryllium: [Reference paragraph (m)(4)(i)(A) - (C)].
  • 1910.1024(m)(4)(ii) - The employer must ensure that each employee who is, or can reasonably be expected to be, exposed to airborne beryllium can demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the following: [Reference paragraph (m)(4)(ii)(A) - (I)].
  • 1910.1024(m)(4)(iii) - When a workplace change (such as modification of equipment, tasks, or procedures) results in new or increased airborne exposure that exceeds, or can reasonably be expected to exceed, either the TWA PEL or the STEL, the employer must provide additional training to those employees affected by the change in airborne exposure.
  • 1910.1024(m)(4)(iv) - Employee information. The employer must make a copy of this standard and its appendices readily available at no cost to each employee and designated employee representative(s).

1910.1024(n) - Recordkeeping.

1910.1024(p) - Appendix. Table A.1 in this appendix sets forth the operations that, where performed under the circumstances described in the column heading above the particular operations, trigger the requirement for a beryllium work area.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to lead.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, measurements, PPE (i.e., respirators, protective clothing), engineering controls, work practice controls, administrative controls, time-weighted average, exposure monitoring, employee notification, results, written notice (statement), job classification, record (written), determination, notify (writing), engineering and work practice controls, affected employees, writing results, posting the results, respiratory protection program, action level, sampling and analysis, tests, written compliance program, implementation schedule, housekeeping, corrective action, method, descriptions, written plans, written programs, revised, reviewed, data, administrative control schedule, work practice program, job rotation schedule, biological monitoring, notification, schedule, demonstrate, medical surveillance program, medical surveillance, medical removal protection, medical removal protection benefits, physician, medical removal, examinations, hygiene facilities and practices, inform (writing), training program, training, information, labeling, hazard communication program, medical written opinion, informed, instructions, classifying, classify, safety data sheets, labels, employee participation, signs, post, observation procedures, records, references other standards 

1910.1025(c) - Permissible exposure limit (PEL). [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (3)].

1910.1025(d) - Exposure monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (7)].

  • 1910.1025(d)(1) - General. [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1025(d)(2) - Initial determination. Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this standard shall determine if any employee may be exposed to lead at or above the action level.
  • 1910.1025(d)(3)(i)  - The employer shall monitor employee exposures and shall base initial determinations on the employee exposure monitoring results and any of the following, relevant considerations: [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1025(d)(4) - Positive initial determination and initial monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(4)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1025(d)(5) -  Negative initial determination. Where a determination, conducted under paragraphs (d)(2) and (3) of this section is made that no employee is exposed to airborne concentrations of lead at or above the action level, the employer shall make a written record of such determination. The record shall include at least the information specified in paragraph (d)(3) of this section and shall also include the date of determination, location within the worksite, and the name number of each employee monitored.
  • 1910.1025(d)(6) - Frequency. [Reference paragraph (d)(6)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1025(d)(7) - Additional monitoring. Whenever there has been a production, process, control or personnel change which may result in new or additional exposure to lead, or whenever the employer has any other reason to suspect a change which may result in new or additional exposures to lead, additional monitoring in accordance with this paragraph shall be conducted.
  • 1910.1025(d)(8)(i) - The employer must, within 15 working days after the receipt of the results of any monitoring performed under this section, notify each affected employee of these results either individually in writing or by posting the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to affected employees.
  • 1910.1025(d)(8)(ii) - Whenever the results indicate that the representative employee exposure, without regard to respirators, exceeds the permissible exposure limit, the employer shall include in the written notice a statement that the permissible exposure limit was exceeded and a description of the corrective action taken or to be taken to reduce exposure to or below the permissible exposure limit.
  • 1910.1025(d)(9) - Accuracy of measurement. The employer shall use a method of monitoring and analysis which has an accuracy (to a confidence level of 95%) of not less than plus or minus 20 percent for airborne concentrations of lead equal to or greater than 30 µg/m3.

1910.1025(e) - Methods of compliance.

  • 1910.1025(e)(1) - Engineering and work practice controls. [Reference paragraph (e)(1)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1025(e)(2) - Respiratory protection. Where engineering and work practice controls do not reduce employee exposure to or below the 50 µg/m3 permissible exposure limit, the employer shall supplement these controls with respirators in accordance with paragraph (f).
  • 1910.1025(e)(3) - Compliance program.
    • 1910.1025(e)(3)(i) - Each employer shall establish and implement a written compliance program to reduce exposures to or below the permissible exposure limit, and interim levels if applicable, solely by means of engineering and work practice controls in accordance with the implementation schedule in paragraph (e)(1).
    • 1910.1025(e)(3)(ii) - Written plans for these compliance programs shall include at least the following: [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(ii)(A) - (H)].
    • 1910.1025(e)(3)(iii) - Written programs shall be submitted upon request to the Assistant Secretary and the Director, and shall be available at the worksite for examination and copying by the Assistant Secretary, Director, any affected employee or authorized employee representatives.
    • 1910.1025(e)(3)(iv) - Written programs must be revised and updated at least annually to reflect the current status of the program.
    • 1910.1025(e)(4)(i) -  When ventilation is used to control exposure, measurements which demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in controlling exposure, such as capture velocity, duct velocity, or static pressure shall be made at least every 3 months. Measurements of the system's effectiveness in controlling exposure shall be made within 5 days of any change in production, process, or control which might result in a change in employee exposure to lead.
    • 1910.1025(e)(5) - Administrative controls. If administrative controls are used as a means of reducing employees TWA exposure to lead, the employer shall establish and implement a job rotation schedule which includes: [Reference paragraph (e)(5)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1025(f) - Respiratory protection. 

1910.1025(g) - Protective work clothing and equipment.

  • 1910.1025(g)(1) - Provision and use. If an employee is exposed to lead above the PEL, without regard to the use of respirators or where the possibility of skin or eye irritation exists, the employer shall provide at no cost to the employee and assure that the employee uses appropriate protective work clothing and equipment such as, but not limited to: [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1025(g)(2) - Cleaning and replacement. [Reference paragraph (g)(2)(i) - (viii)].

1910.1025(h) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (h)(1) - (3)].

1910.1025(i) - Hygiene facilities and practices. [Reference paragraph (i)(1) - (5)].

1910.1025(j) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (j)(1) - (4)].

  • 1910.1025(j)(1)(i) - The employer shall institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or may be exposed at or above the action level for more than 30 days per year.
  • 1910.1025(j)(1)(ii) - The employer shall assure that all medical examinations and procedures are performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician.
  • 1910.1025(j)(2)(i) - Blood lead and ZPP level sampling and analysis. The employer shall make available biological monitoring in the form of blood sampling and analysis for lead and zinc protoporphyrin levels to each employee covered under paragraph (j)(1)(i) of this section on the following schedule: [Reference paragraph (j)(2)(i)(A) - (C)].
  • 1910.1025(j)(2)(ii) - Follow-up blood sampling tests. Whenever the results of a blood lead level test indicate that an employee's blood lead level is at or above the numerical criterion for medical removal under paragraph (k)(1)(i)(A) of this section, the employer shall provide a second (follow-up) blood sampling test within two weeks after the employer receives the results of the first blood sampling test.
  • 1910.1025(j)(2)(iii) - Accuracy of blood lead level sampling and analysis. Blood lead level sampling and analysis provided pursuant to this section shall have an accuracy (to a confidence level of 95 percent) within plus or minus 15 percent or 6 µg/100ml, whichever is greater, and shall be conducted by a laboratory licensed by the Center for Disease Control, United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare (CDC) or which has received a satisfactory grade in blood lead proficiency testing from CDC in the prior twelve months.
  • 1910.1025(j)(2)(iv) - Employee notification. Within five working days after the receipt of biological monitoring results, the employer shall notify in writing each employee whose blood lead level is at or above 40 µg/100 g: [Reference paragraph (j)(2)(iv)(A) - (B)].
  • 1910.1025(j)(3) - Medical examinations and consultations. [Reference paragraph (j)(3)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1025(k) - Medical Removal Protection. [Reference paragraph (k)(1)(i) - (v)].

1910.1025(l) - Employee information and training.

  • 1910.1025(l)(1) - Training program.
    • 1910.1025(l)(1)(i) - Each employer who has a workplace in which there is a potential exposure to airborne lead at any level shall inform employees of the content of Appendices A - Substance Data Sheet for Occupational Exposure to Lead, and B - Employee Standard Summary, of this regulation.
    • 1910.1025(l)(1)(ii) - The employer shall train each employee who is subject to exposure to lead at or above the action level, or for whom the possibility of skin or eye irritation exists, in accordance with the requirements of this section. The employer shall institute a training program and ensure employee participation in the program.
    • 1910.1025(l)(1)(iii) - The employer shall provide initial training by 180 days from the effective date for those employees covered by paragraph (l)(1)(ii) on the standard's effective date and prior to the time of initial job assignment for those employees subsequently covered by this paragraph.
    • 1910.1025(l)(1)(iv) - The training program shall be repeated at least annually for each employee.
    • 1910.1025(l)(1)(v) - The employer shall assure that each employee is informed of the following: [Reference paragraph (l)(1)(v)(A) - (G)].
  • 1910.1025(l)(2) - Access to information and training materials. [Reference paragraph (l)(2)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1025(m)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200) for lead.

1910.1025(m)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of lead at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Reproductive/developmental toxicity; central nervous system effects; kidney effects; blood effects; and acute toxicity effects.

1910.1025(m)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include lead in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of lead and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (l) of this section.

1910.1025(m)(2) - Signs. [Reference paragraph (m)(2)(i) - (v)].

1910.1025(n) - Recordkeeping.

1910.1025(n)(4)(ii) - Environmental monitoring, medical removal, and medical records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020(a)-(e) and (g) - (i) - access to employee exposure and medical records. Medical removal records shall be provided in the same manner as environmental monitoring records.

1910.1025(n)(5)(ii) - The employer shall also comply with any additional requirements involving transfer of records set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1020(h).

1910.1025(o)(1) - Employee observation. The employer shall provide affected employees or their designated representatives an opportunity to observe any monitoring of employee exposure to lead conducted pursuant to paragraph (d) of this section.

1910.1025(o)(2) - Observation procedures.  [Reference paragraph (o)(2)(i) - (ii)].

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to chromium (VI) exposures.

Special Requirements: Objective data, monitoring data, exposures, exposure determination, monitoring, employee notification, results (post), determine, written notification, corrective action, method, measurements, action level, regulated areas, authorized, procedures, PEL, demarcation, alerts, engineering controls, work practice controls, demonstrate, respiratory protection, respiratory protection program, personal protective equipment, labeled, hazard communication program, hygiene areas and practices (i.e., change rooms, washing facilities), medical surveillance, records, recordkeeping, housekeeping, medical examinations, information, physician, copy of standard, written opinion, statement, recommendations, communication, demonstrate, medical surveillance program, training, safety data sheets, prohibited activities, reference other standards

1910.1026(d) - Exposure determination 

  • 1910.1026(d)(1) - General. Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this section shall determine the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee exposed to chromium (VI). This determination shall be made in accordance with either paragraph (d)(2) or paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
  • 1910.1026(d)(2) - Scheduled monitoring option. [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (vi)].
  • 1910.1026(d)(3) - Performance-oriented option. The employer shall determine the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee on the basis of any combination of air monitoring data, historical monitoring data, or objective data sufficient to accurately characterize employee exposure to chromium (VI).
  • 1910.1026(d)(4) - Employee notification of determination results. [Reference paragraph (d)(4)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1026(d)(5) - Accuracy of measurement. Where air monitoring is performed to comply with the requirements of this section, the employer shall use a method of monitoring and analysis that can measure chromium (VI) to within an accuracy of plus or minus 25 percent (±25%) and can produce accurate measurements to within a statistical confidence level of 95 percent for airborne concentrations at or above the action level.
  • 1910.1026(d)(6) - Observation of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(6)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1026(e) - Regulated areas.

  • 1910.1026(e)(1) - Establishment. The employer shall establish a regulated area wherever an employee's exposure to airborne concentrations of chromium (VI) is, or can reasonably be expected to be, in excess of the PEL.
  • 1910.1026(e)(2) - Demarcation. The employer shall ensure that regulated areas are demarcated from the rest of the workplace in a manner that adequately establishes and alerts employees of the boundaries of the regulated area.
  • 1910.1026(e)(3) - Access. The employer shall limit access to regulated areas to: [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1026(f)(1) - Engineering and work practice controls.

  • 1910.1026(f)(1)(i) - Except as permitted in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) and paragraph (f)(1)(iii) of this section, the employer shall use engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure to chromium (VI) to or below the PEL unless the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible. Wherever feasible engineering and work practice controls are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL, the employer shall use them to reduce employee exposure to the lowest levels achievable, and shall supplement them by the use of respiratory protection that complies with the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section.
  • 1910.1026(f)(1)(ii) - Where painting of aircraft or large aircraft parts is performed in the aerospace industry, the employer shall use engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure to chromium (VI) to or below 25 µgm/m3 unless the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible. The employer shall supplement such engineering and work practice controls with the use of respiratory protection that complies with the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section to achieve the PEL.
  • 1910.1026(f)(1)(iii) - Where the employer can demonstrate that a process or task does not result in any employee exposure to chromium (VI) above the PEL for 30 or more days per year (12 consecutive months), the requirement to implement engineering and work practice controls to achieve the PEL does not apply to that process or task.

1910.1026(g)(1) - General. Where respiratory protection is required by this section, the employer must provide each employee an appropriate respirator that complies with the requirements of this paragraph. Respiratory protection is required during: [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (v)].

1910.1026(g)(2) - Respiratory protection program. Where respirator use is required by this section, the employer shall institute a respiratory protection program in accordance with § 1910.134, which covers each employee required to use a respirator.

1910.1026(h) - Protective work clothing and equipment.

  • 1910.1026(h)(1) - Provision and use. Where a hazard is present or is likely to be present from skin or eye contact with chromium (VI), the employer shall provide appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment at no cost to employees, and shall ensure that employees use such clothing and equipment.
  • 1910.1026(h)(2) - Removal and storage. [Reference paragraph (h)(2)(i) - (iv)].
    • 1910.1026(h)(2)(iv) - The employer shall ensure that bags or containers of contaminated protective clothing or equipment that are removed from change rooms for laundering, cleaning, maintenance, or disposal are labeled in accordance with the requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard, § 1910.1200.
  • 1910.1026(h)(3) - Cleaning and replacement. [Reference paragraph (h)(3)(i) - (iii)]. 

1910.1026(i) - Hygiene areas and practices. [Reference paragraph (i)(1) - (5)]. 

  • 1910.1026(i)(1) - General. Where protective clothing and equipment is required, the employer shall provide change rooms in conformance with 29 CFR 1910.141 - sanitation. Where skin contact with chromium (VI) occurs, the employer shall provide washing facilities in conformance with 29 CFR 1910.141. Eating and drinking areas provided by the employer shall also be in conformance with § 1910.141.

1910.1026(j) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (j)(1) - (3)]. 

  • 1910.1026(j)(3)(ii) - Bags or containers of waste, scrap, debris, and any other materials contaminated with chromium (VI) that are consigned for disposal are labeled in accordance with the requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard, § 1910.1200.

1910.1026(k) - Medical surveillance.

1910.1026(l) - Communication of chromium (VI) hazards to employees.

  • 1910.1026(l)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200) for chromium (VI).
  • 1910.1026(l)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of chromium (VI) at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer, eye irritation, and skin sensitization.
  • 1910.1026(l)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include chromium (VI) in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of chromium (VI) and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (l)(2) of this section.
  • 1910.1026(l)(2)  - Employee information and training.

1910.1026(m) - Recordkeeping.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to cadmium.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, engineering controls, work practice controls, regulated areas, demarcation, respirators, PPE, authorized persons, exposure monitoring, determine, monitor, training, time-weighted average, methods, data, work practices, demonstrating, sampling, action level, job classification, (written) compliance program, report, schedule of implementation, housekeeping, HEPA vacuuming, work practice program, description, (written) plan for emergency situations, procedures, reporting, physician, written opinion, monitoring results, hazard communication program, warning signs, medical removal, medical surveillance, posted, labeling, examinations, tests, safety data sheets, medical records, observation procedures, exposure records, references other standards

1910.1027(a) - Scope. This standard applies to all occupational exposures to cadmium and cadmium compounds, in all forms, and in all industries covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, except the construction-related industries, which are covered under 29 CFR 1926.63 (1926.1127) - cadmium.

1910.1027(c) - Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of cadmium in excess of five micrograms per cubic meter of air (5 µg/m3), calculated as an eight-hour time-weighted average exposure (TWA).

1910.1027(d) - Exposure monitoring.

  • 1910.1027(d)(1)(i) - Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this section shall determine if any employee may be exposed to cadmium at or above the action level.
  • 1910.1027(d)(1)(ii) - Determinations of employee exposure shall be made from breathing zone air samples that reflect the monitored employee's regular, daily 8-hour TWA exposure to cadmium.
  • 1910.1027(d)(1)(iii) - Eight-hour TWA exposures shall be determined for each employee on the basis of one or more personal breathing zone air samples reflecting full shift exposure on each shift, for each job classification, in each work area. Where several employees perform the same job tasks, in the same job classification, on the same shift, in the same work area, and the length, duration, and level of cadmium exposures are similar, an employer may sample a representative fraction of the employees instead of all employees in order to meet this requirement. In representative sampling, the employer shall sample the employee(s) expected to have the highest cadmium exposures.
  • 1910.1027(d)(2)(i) - Initial monitoring. Except as provided for in paragraphs (d)(2)(ii) and (d)(2)(iii) of this section, the employer shall monitor employee exposures and shall base initial determinations on the monitoring results.
  • 1910.1027(d)(2)(ii) - Where the employer has monitored after September 14, 1991, under conditions that in all important aspects closely resemble those currently prevailing and where that monitoring satisfies all other requirements of this section, including the accuracy and confidence levels of paragraph (d)(6) of this section, the employer may rely on such earlier monitoring results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section.
  • 1910.1027(d)(2)(iii) - Where the employer has objective data, as defined in paragraph (n)(2) of this section, demonstrating that employee exposure to cadmium will not exceed the action level under the expected conditions of processing, use, or handling, the employer may rely upon such data instead of implementing initial monitoring.
  • 1910.1027(d)(3) - Monitoring Frequency (periodic monitoring). [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1027(d)(4) - Additional Monitoring. The employer also shall institute the exposure monitoring required under paragraphs (d)(2)(i) and (d)(3) of this section whenever there has been a change in the raw materials, equipment, personnel, work practices, or finished products that may result in additional employees being exposed to cadmium at or above the action level or in employees already exposed to cadmium at or above the action level being exposed above the PEL, or whenever the employer has any reason to suspect that any other change might result in such further exposure.
  • 1910.1027(d)(5) - Employee Notification of Monitoring Results. [Reference paragraph (d)(5)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1027(d)(6) - Accuracy of measurement. The employer shall use a method of monitoring and analysis that has an accuracy of not less than plus or minus 25 percent (±25%), with a confidence level of 95 percent, for airborne concentrations of cadmium at or above the action level, the permissible exposure limit (PEL), and the separate engineering control air limit (SECAL).

1910.1027(e) - Regulated areas.

  • 1910.1027(e)(1) - Establishment. The employer shall establish a regulated area wherever an employee's exposure to airborne concentrations of cadmium is, or can reasonably be expected to be in excess of the permissible exposure limit (PEL).
  • 1910.1027(e)(2) - Demarcation. Regulated areas shall be demarcated from the rest of the workplace in any manner that adequately establishes and alerts employees of the boundaries of the regulated area.
  • 1910.1027(e)(3) - Access. Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons.
  • 1910.1027(e)(4) - Provision of respirators. Each person entering a regulated area shall be supplied with and required to use a respirator, selected in accordance with paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
  • 1910.1027(e)(5) - Prohibited activities. The employer shall assure that employees do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply cosmetics in regulated areas, carry the products associated with these activities into regulated areas, or store such products in those areas.

1910.1027(f) - Methods of compliance.

  • 1910.1027(f)(1)(i) - Except as specified in paragraphs (f)(1)(ii), (iii) and (iv) of this section the employer shall implement engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure to cadmium at or below the PEL, except to the extent that the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible.
  • 1910.1027(f)(1)(ii) - Except as specified in paragraphs (f)(1)(iii) and (iv) of this section, in industries where a separate engineering control air limit (SECAL) has been specified for particular processes [See Table 1 in this paragraph (f)(1)(ii)], the employer shall implement engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure at or below the SECAL, except to the extent that the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible.
  • 1910.1027(f)(1)(iii) - The requirement to implement engineering and work practice controls to achieve the PEL or, where applicable, the SECAL does not apply where the employer demonstrates the following: [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(iii)(A) - (B)].
  • 1910.1027(f)(1)(iv) - Wherever engineering and work practice controls are required and are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL or, where applicable, the SECAL, the employer nonetheless shall implement such controls to reduce exposures to the lowest levels achievable. The employer shall supplement such controls with respiratory protection that complies with the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section and the PEL.
  • 1910.1027(f)(1)(v) - The employer shall not use employee rotation as a method of compliance.
  • 1910.1027(f)(2)(i) - Where the PEL is exceeded, the employer shall establish and implement a written compliance program to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL by means of engineering and work practice controls, as required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section. To the extent that engineering and work practice controls cannot reduce exposures to or below the PEL, the employer shall include in the written compliance program the use of appropriate respiratory protection to achieve compliance with the PEL.
  • 1910.1027(f)(2)(ii) - Written compliance programs shall include at least the following: [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(ii) - (iv)].

1910.1027(g)(1) - General. For employees who use respirators required by this section, the employer must provide each employee an appropriate respirator that complies with the requirements of this paragraph. Respirators must be used during: [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(ii) - (vii)].

1910.1027(g)(2) - Respirator program. [Reference paragraph (g)(2) - (3)].

1910.1027(h) - Emergency situations. The employer shall develop and implement a written plan for dealing with emergency situations involving substantial releases of airborne cadmium. The plan shall include provisions for the use of appropriate respirators and personal protective equipment. In addition, employees not essential to correcting the emergency situation shall be restricted from the area and normal operations halted in that area until the emergency is abated.

1910.1027(i)(1) - Provision and use. If an employee is exposed to airborne cadmium above the PEL or where skin or eye irritation is associated with cadmium exposure at any level, the employer shall provide at no cost to the employee, and assure that the employee uses, appropriate protective work clothing and equipment that prevents contamination of the employee and the employee's garments. Protective work clothing and equipment includes, but is not limited to: [Reference paragraph (i)(1) - (3)].

1910.1027(j) - Hygiene areas and practices.

  • 1910.1027(j)(1) - General. For employees whose airborne exposure to cadmium is above the PEL, the employer shall provide clean change rooms, handwashing facilities, showers, and lunchroom facilities that comply with 29 CFR 1910.141 - sanitation.
  • 1910.1027(j)(2) - Change rooms. The employer shall assure that change rooms are equipped with separate storage facilities for street clothes and for protective clothing and equipment, which are designed to prevent dispersion of cadmium and contamination of the employee's street clothes.
  • 1910.1027(j)(3) - Showers and handwashing facilities. [Reference paragraph (j)(3)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1027(j)(4)(ii) - The employer shall assure that employees do not enter lunchroom facilities with protective work clothing or equipment unless surface cadmium has been removed from the clothing and equipment by HEPA vacuuming or some other method that removes cadmium dust without dispersing it.

1910.1027(k) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (k)(1) - (7)].

1910.1027(l) - Medical surveillance.[Reference paragraph (l)(1) - (5)].

1910.1027(m) - Communication of cadmium hazards to employees.

1910.1027(n) - Recordkeeping. [Reference paragraph (n)(1) - (3)].

  • 1910.1027(n)(4)(i) - Except as otherwise provided for in this section, access to all records required to be maintained by paragraphs (n)(1) through (3) of this section shall be in accordance with the provisions of 29 CFR 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
  • 1910.1027(n)(4)(ii) - Within 15 days after a request, the employer shall make an employee's medical records required to be kept by paragraph (n)(3) of this section available for examination and copying to the subject employee, to designated representatives, to anyone having the specific written consent of the subject employee, and after the employee's death or incapacitation, to the employee's family members.

1910.1027(o) - Observation of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (o)(1) - (2)].

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to benzene.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, short-term exposure level, time-weighted average, regulated areas, exposure monitoring, determination, employee notification, results, methods, measuring, engineering controls, work practice controls, document, compliance program (written), hazard communication program, respirator program, PPE (i.e., respirators), records, recordkeeping, medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, examinations, physician, referrals, information, description, statement, medical removal plan, written opinion, medical removal protection benefits, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, classifying hazards, warning signs, labels, safety data sheets, post, information, training, training program, plan, reviewed, revised, safety and health procedures, classifying hazards, observation of monitoring, observation procedures, references other standards

1910.1028(c) - Permissible exposure limits (PELs). [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (2)].

1910.1028(d) - Regulated areas. [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (3)].

1910.1028(e) - Exposure monitoring.

1910.1028(f) - Methods of compliance.

  • 1910.1028(f)(1) - Engineering controls and work practices. [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1028(f)(2) - Compliance program. [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(i) - (iii)].
    • 1910.1028(f)(2)(i) - When any exposures are over the PEL, the employer shall establish and implement a written program to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL primarily by means of engineering and work practice controls, as required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section.
    • 1910.1028(f)(2)(ii) - The written program shall include a schedule for development and implementation of the engineering and work practice controls. These plans shall be reviewed and revised as appropriate based on the most recent exposure monitoring data, to reflect the current status of the program.

1910.1028(g) - Respiratory protection.

1910.1028(h) - Protective clothing and equipment. Personal protective clothing and equipment shall be worn where appropriate to prevent eye contact and limit dermal exposure to liquid benzene. Protective clothing and equipment shall be provided by the employer at no cost to the employee and the employer shall assure its use where appropriate. Eye and face protection shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.133 - eye and face protection.

1910.1028(i) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (i)(1)(i) - (iv)]. 

1910.1028(j) - Communication of hazards.

  • 1910.1028(j)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200) for benzene.
  • 1910.1028(j)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of benzene at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer; central nervous system effects; blood effects; aspiration; skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation; and flammability.
  • 1910.1028(j)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include benzene in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of benzene and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (j)(3) of this section.
  • 1910.1028(j)(2) - Warning signs and labels. [Reference paragraph (j)(2)(i) - (iv)]. 

1910.1028(j)(3) - Information and training.

  • 1910.1028(j)(3)(i) - The employer shall provide employees with information and training at the time of their initial assignment to a work area where benzene is present. If exposures are above the action level, employees shall be provided with information and training at least annually thereafter.
  • 1910.1028(j)(3)(ii) - The training program shall be in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200(h)(1) and (2) - hazard communication, and shall include specific information on benzene for each category of information included in that section.
  • 1910.1028(j)(3)(iii) - In addition to the information required under 29 CFR 1910.1200 - hazard communication, the employer shall: [Reference paragraph (j)(3)(iii)(A) - (B)]. 

1910.1028(k) - Recordkeeping.

  • 1910.1028(k)(1) - Exposure measurements.
  • 1910.1028(k)(2) - Medical surveillance.
  • 1910.1028(k)(3)(ii) - Employee exposure monitoring records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request for examination and copying to employees, employee representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20(a) through (e) and (g) through (i).
  • 1910.1028(k)(3)(iii) - Employee medical records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request for examination and copying, to the subject employee, to anyone having the specific written consent of the subject employee, and to the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20 (1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records).
  • 1910.1028(k)(4) - Transfer of records. The employer shall comply with the requirements involving transfer of records as set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1020(h).

1910.1028(l)(1) - Employee observation. The employer shall provide affected employees, or their designated representatives, an opportunity to observe the measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to benzene conducted pursuant to paragraph (e) of this section.

1910.1028(l)(2) - Observation procedures. When observation of the measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to benzene requires entry into areas where the use of protective clothing and equipment or respirators is required, the employer shall provide the observer with personal protective clothing and equipment or respirators required to be worn by employees working in the area, assure the use of such clothing and equipment or respirators, and require the observer to comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures.

1910.1028(n) - Appendices. The information contained in Appendices A, B, C, and D is not intended, by itself, to create any additional obligations not otherwise imposed or to detract from any existing obligations.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to coke oven emissions.

Special Requirements: Regulated areas, PEL, authorized person, exposures, engineering controls, work practices, respiratory protection, exposure monitoring, method, accuracy, posting results, in writing, employee notification, monitoring program, compliance program (written), training, training program, schedules, information and training program, compliance procedures (written), engineering plans, monitoring data, respiratory protection, post, respirator program, protective clothing and equipment, inform, medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, hygiene facilities and practices (i.e., change rooms, showers), employee participation, labels, safety data sheets, hazard communication, hazard communication program, medical examination, physician, training materials, signed statement, information, written opinion, post signs, records, recordkeeping, observation, observation procedures, references other standards

1910.1029(c) - Permissible exposure limit. The employer shall assure that no employee in the regulated area is exposed to coke oven emissions at concentrations greater than 150 micrograms per cubic meter of air (150 µg/m3), averaged over any 8-hour period.

1910.1029(d) - Regulated areas.

1910.1029(e) - Exposure monitoring and measurement.

  • 1910.1029(e)(1) - Monitoring program. [Reference paragraph (e)(1)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1029(e)(2) - Redetermination. Whenever there has been a production, process, or control change which may result in new or additional exposure to coke oven emissions, or whenever the employer has any other reason to suspect an increase in employee exposure, the employer shall repeat the monitoring and measurements required by paragraph (e)(1) of this section for those employees affected by such change or increase.
  • 1910.1029(e)(3) - Employee notification. [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1029(e)(4) - Accuracy of measurement. The employer shall use a method of monitoring and measurement which has an accuracy (with a confidence level of 95%) of not less than plus or minus 35% for concentrations of coke oven emissions greater than or equal to 150 µg/m3.

1910.1029(f) - Methods of compliance. The employer shall control employee exposure to coke oven emissions by the use of engineering controls, work practices and respiratory protection as follows: [Reference paragraph (f)(1) - (7)].

1910.1029(g) - Respiratory protection.

  • 1910.1029(g)(1) - General. For employees who use respirators required by this section, the employer must provide each employee an appropriate respirator that complies with the requirements of this paragraph. Respirators must be used during: [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1029(g)(2) - Respirator program. The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with §1910.134(b) through (d) [except (d)(1)(iii)], and (f) through (m), which covers each employee required by this section to use a respirator.
  • 1910.1029(g)(3) - Respirator selection. Employers must select, and provide to employees, the appropriate respirators specified in paragraph (d)(3)(i)(A) of 29 CFR 1910.134; however, employers may use a filtering facepiece respirator only when it functions as a filter respirator for coke oven emissions particulates.

1910.1029(h) - Protective clothing and equipment.

1910.1029(i) - Hygiene facilities and practices. [Reference paragraph (i)(1) - (5)].

1910.1029(j) - Medical surveillance.

1910.1029(k) - Employee information and training.

1910.1029(l) - Communication of hazards.

  • 1910.1029(l)(1) - Hazard communication—general. The employer shall include coke oven emissions in the program established to comply with the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§1910.1200). The employer shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of chemicals and substances associated with coke oven processes and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the provisions of HCS and paragraph (k) of this section. The employer shall ensure that at least the following hazard is addressed: Cancer.
  • 1910.1029(l)(2)(i) - The employer shall post signs in the regulated area bearing the legend: [Reference paragraph (l)(2)(i) - (vi)].
  • 1910.1029(l)(3)(i) - The employer shall ensure that labels of containers of contaminated protective clothing and equipment include the following information: [Reference paragraph (l)(3)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1029(m) - Recordkeeping.

  • 1910.1029(m)(1) - Exposure measurements. The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record of all measurements taken to monitor employee exposure to coke oven emissions required in paragraph (e) of this section. [Reference paragraph (m)(1)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1029(m)(2) - Medical surveillance. The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each employee subject to medical surveillance as required by paragraph (j) of this section. [Reference paragraph (m)(2)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1029(m)(3)(ii) - Employee exposure measurement records and employee medical records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020(a)-(e) and (g)-(i) - access to employee exposure and medical records.
  • 1910.1029(m)(4)(i) - Whenever the employer ceases to do business, the successor employer shall receive and retain all records required to be maintained by paragraph (m) of this section.
  • 1910.1029(m)(4)(ii) - The employer shall also comply with any additional requirements involving transfer of records set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1020(h) - access to employee exposure and medical records.

1910.1029(n) - Observation of monitoring.

  • 1910.1029(n)(1) - Employee observation. The employer shall provide affected employees or their representatives an opportunity to observe any measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to coke oven emissions conducted pursuant to paragraph (e) of this section.
  • 1910.1029(n)(2) - Observation procedures.  [Reference paragraph (n)(2)(i) - (ii)].

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

Special Requirements: Exposure control plan (written), annual review of plan, exposures, training, procedures, schedule and method of implementation, hepatitis B vaccine, post exposure evaluation, PPE, HIV and HBV Research Laboratories and Production Facilities, launder, solicit input, work practice controls, list of job classifications, list of procedures, exposure determination, engineering controls, sharps injury log, document, inspected, determine (employer), universal precautions, demonstrate, decontamination schedule (written), labels, color-coded, authorized persons, universal biohazard symbol, training program, biosafety manual (reviewed), instructions, practices, professional staff, written policies and procedures, hazard warning signs (posted), certified (annually) biological safety cabinet, pre-screening program, US Public Health, healthcare written opinion, declination statement, hand washing and an eye wash facility, accredited laboratory, medical records, references other standards

Bloodborne Pathogens means pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

1910.1030(c)(1) - Exposure control plan.

  • 1910.1030(c)(1)(i) - Each employer having an employee(s) with occupational exposure as defined by paragraph (b) of this section shall establish a written Exposure Control Plan designed to eliminate or minimize employee exposure.
  • 1910.1030(c)(1)(ii) -  The Exposure Control Plan shall contain at least the following elements: [Reference paragraph (c)(1)(ii)(A) - (C)].
  • 1910.1030(c)(1)(iii) - Each employer shall ensure that a copy of the Exposure Control Plan is accessible to employees in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20(e) - access to records (1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records).
  • 1910.1030(c)(1)(iv) - The Exposure Control Plan shall be reviewed and updated at least annually and whenever necessary to reflect new or modified tasks and procedures which affect occupational exposure and to reflect new or revised employee positions with occupational exposure. The review and update of such plans shall also: [Reference paragraph (c)(1)(iv)(A) - (B)].
  • 1910.1030(c)(1)(v) - An employer, who is required to establish an Exposure Control Plan shall solicit input from non-managerial employees responsible for direct patient care who are potentially exposed to injuries from contaminated sharps in the identification, evaluation, and selection of effective engineering and work practice controls and shall document the solicitation in the Exposure Control Plan.
  • 1910.1030(c)(1)(vi) - The Exposure Control Plan shall be made available to the Assistant Secretary and the Director upon request for examination and copying.
  • 1910.1030(c)(2)(i) - Each employer who has an employee(s) with occupational exposure as defined by paragraph (b) of this section shall prepare an exposure determination. This exposure determination shall contain the following: [Reference paragraph (c)(2)(i)(A) - (C)].
  • 1910.1030(c)(2)(ii) - This exposure determination shall be made without regard to the use of personal protective equipment.

1910.1030(d) - Methods of compliance.

  • 1910.1030(d)(1) - General. Universal precautions shall be observed to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. Under circumstances in which differentiation between body fluid types is difficult or impossible, all body fluids shall be considered potentially infectious materials.
  • 1910.1030(d)(2) - Engineering and work practice controls. [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (xiv)].
  • 1910.1030(d)(3) - Personal protective equipment - [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i) - (xii)].
  • 1910.1030(d)(4)(i) - General. Employers shall ensure that the worksite is maintained in a clean and sanitary condition. The employer shall determine and implement an appropriate written schedule for cleaning and method of decontamination based upon the location within the facility, type of surface to be cleaned, type of soil present, and tasks or procedures being performed in the area.
  • 1910.1030(d)(4)(ii)(A) - Contaminated work surfaces shall be decontaminated with an appropriate disinfectant after completion of procedures; immediately or as soon as feasible when surfaces are overtly contaminated or after any spill of blood or other potentially infectious materials; and at the end of the work shift if the surface may have become contaminated since the last cleaning.
  • 1910.1030(d)(4)(ii)(C) - All bins, pails, cans, and similar receptacles intended for reuse which have a reasonable likelihood for becoming contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious materials shall be inspected and decontaminated on a regularly scheduled basis and cleaned and decontaminated immediately or as soon as feasible upon visible contamination.
  • 1910.1030(d)(4)(iii)(A) - Contaminated Sharps Discarding and Containment. [Reference paragraph (d)(4)(iii) for all procedures for regulated waste)].
  • 1910.1030(d)(4)(iii)(C) - Disposal of all regulated waste shall be in accordance with applicable regulations of the United States, States and Territories, and political subdivisions of States and Territories.
  • 1910.1030(d)(4)(iv)(B) - The employer shall ensure that employees who have contact with contaminated laundry wear protective gloves and other appropriate personal protective equipment.
  • 1910.1030(d)(4)(iv)(C) -When a facility ships contaminated laundry off-site to a second facility which does not utilize Universal Precautions in the handling of all laundry, the facility generating the contaminated laundry must place such laundry in bags or containers which are labeled or color-coded in accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i).

1910.1030(e) - HIV and HBV Research Laboratories and Production Facilities.

  • 1910.1030(e)(2)(ii) - Special practices. [Reference paragraph (e)(2)(ii)(A) - (M)].
  • 1910.1030(e)(2)(iii)(A) - Certified biological safety cabinets (Class I, II, or III) or other appropriate combinations of personal protection or physical containment devices, such as special protective clothing, respirators, centrifuge safety cups, sealed centrifuge rotors, and containment caging for animals, shall be used for all activities with other potentially infectious materials that pose a threat of exposure to droplets, splashes, spills, or aerosols.
  • 1910.1030(e)(2)(iii)(B) - Biological safety cabinets shall be certified when installed, whenever they are moved and at least annually.
  • 1910.1030(e)(3) - HIV and HBV research laboratories shall meet the following criteria: [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1030(e)(5) - Training Requirements. Additional training requirements for employees in HIV and HBV research laboratories and HIV and HBV production facilities are specified in paragraph (g)(2)(ix).

1910.1030(f) - Hepatitis B vaccination and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up

  • 1910.1030(f)(1)(i) - The employer shall make available the hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series to all employees who have occupational exposure, and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up to all employees who have had an exposure incident.
  • 1910.1030(f)(1)(ii) - The employer shall ensure that all medical evaluations and procedures including the hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up, including prophylaxis, are: [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(A) - (D)].
  • 1910.1030(f)(1)(iii) - The employer shall ensure that all laboratory tests are conducted by an accredited laboratory at no cost to the employee.
  • 1910.1030(f)(2)(i) - Hepatitis B vaccination shall be made available after the employee has received the training required in paragraph (g)(2)(vii) and within 10 working days of initial assignment to all employees who have occupational exposure unless the employee has previously received the complete hepatitis B vaccination series, antibody testing has revealed that the employee is immune, or the vaccine is contraindicated for medical reasons.
  • 1910.1030(f)(2)(ii) - The employer shall not make participation in a prescreening program a prerequisite for receiving hepatitis B vaccination.
  • 1910.1030(f)(2)(iv) - The employer shall assure that employees who decline to accept hepatitis B vaccination offered by the employer sign the statement in appendix A - Hepatitis B Vaccine Declination (Mandatory).
  • 1910.1030(f)(2)(v) - If a routine booster dose(s) of hepatitis B vaccine is recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service at a future date, such booster dose(s) shall be made available in accordance with section (f)(1)(ii).
  • 1910.1030(f)(3) - Post-exposure Evaluation and Follow-up. Following a report of an exposure incident, the employer shall make immediately available to the exposed employee a confidential medical evaluation and follow-up, including at least the following elements: [Reference paragraph (f)(3)(i) - (vi)].
  • 1910.1030(f)(4) - Information Provided to the Healthcare Professional. [Reference paragraph (f)(4)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1030(f)(5) - Healthcare Professional's Written Opinion. The employer shall obtain and provide the employee with a copy of the evaluating healthcare professional's written opinion within 15 days of the completion of the evaluation. [Reference paragraph (f)(5)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1030(f)(6) - Medical recordkeeping. Medical records required by this standard shall be maintained in accordance with paragraph (h)(1) of this section.

1910.1030 - Communication of hazards to employees.

  • 1910.1030(g)(1)(i) - Labels [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i)(A) - (L)].
  • 1910.1030(g)(1)(ii) - Signs. [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(ii)(A) - (B)].
  • 1910.1030(g)(2)(i) - The employer shall train each employee with occupational exposure in accordance with the requirements of this section. Such training must be provided at no cost to the employee and during working hours. The employer shall institute a training program and ensure employee participation in the program.
  • 1910.1030(g)(2)(ii) - Training shall be provided as follows: [Reference paragraph (g)(2)(ii)(A) - (B)].
  • 1910.1030(g)(2)(iv) - Annual training for all employees shall be provided within one year of their previous training.
  • 1910.1030(g)(2)(v) - Employers shall provide additional training when changes such as modification of tasks or procedures or institution of new tasks or procedures affect the employee's occupational exposure. The additional training may be limited to addressing the new exposures created.
  • 1910.1030(g)(2)(vi) - Material appropriate in content and vocabulary to educational level, literacy, and language of employees shall be used.
  • 1910.1030(g)(2)(vii) - The training program shall contain at a minimum the following elements: [Reference paragraph (g)(2)(vii)(A) - (N)].
  • 1910.1030(g)(2)(viii) - The person conducting the training shall be knowledgeable in the subject matter covered by the elements contained in the training program as it relates to the workplace that the training will address.
  • 1910.1030(g)(2)(ix) - Additional Initial Training for Employees in HIV and HBV Laboratories and Production Facilities. Employees in HIV or HBV research laboratories and HIV or HBV production facilities shall receive the following initial training in addition to the above training requirements. [Reference paragraph (g)(2)(ix)(A) - (C)].

1910.1030(h)(1) - Medical Records.

1910.1030(h)(2) - Training records. 

1910.1030(h)(3)(i) - The employer shall ensure that all records required to be maintained by this section shall be made available upon request to the Assistant Secretary and the Director for examination and copying.

1910.1030(h)(3)(ii) - Employee training records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request for examination and copying to employees, to employee representatives, to the Director, and to the Assistant Secretary.

1910.1030(h)(3)(iii) - Employee medical records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request for examination and copying to the subject employee, to anyone having written consent of the subject employee, to the Director, and to the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.

1910.1030(h)(4) - Transfer of Records. The employer shall comply with the requirements involving transfer of records set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1020(h).

1910.1030(h)(5) - Sharps injury log.

  • 1910.1030(h)(5)(i) - The employer shall establish and maintain a sharps injury log for the recording of percutaneous injuries from contaminated sharps. The information in the sharps injury log shall be recorded and maintained in such manner as to protect the confidentiality of the injured employee. The sharps injury log shall contain, at a minimum: [Reference paragraph (h)(5)(i)(A) - (C)].
  • 1910.1030(h)(5)(ii) - The requirement to establish and maintain a sharps injury log shall apply to any employer who is required to maintain a log of occupational injuries and illnesses under 29 CFR part 1904 - recordkeeping.
  • 1910.1030(h)(5)(iii) - The sharps injury log shall be maintained for the period required by 29 CFR 1904.33 - recordkeeping, retention and updating.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to cotton dust.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, action level, exposure monitoring, measurements, sampling program, certification, test data, manufacturer, information, statement (written notice), methods of compliance, engineering controls, work practice controls, compliance program (written), monitoring data, descriptions, engineering plans, studies, schedule, demonstrate, written programs, work practices (written program), respiratory program, respirators, revise, maintenance, physician, medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, examinations, questionnaire, determination, physician's written opinion, affected employee, personal protective equipment, training, training program, training materials, post standard, warning signs, post, records recordkeeping, log, procedure, observation of monitoring, safety and health procedures, measurement procedures, results, documentation, NIOSH-approved training course, references other standards  

1910.1043(c) - Permissible exposure limits and action levels.

1910.1043(d) - Exposure monitoring and measurement. [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (iv)].

1910.1043(e) - Methods of compliance.

  • 1910.1043(e)(1) - Engineering and work practice controls. The employer shall institute engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure to cotton dust at or below the permissible exposure limit specified in paragraph (c) of this section, except to the extent that the employer can establish that such controls are not feasible.
  • 1910.1043(e)(2) - Whenever feasible engineering and work practice controls are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the permissible exposure limit, the employer shall nonetheless institute these controls to reduce exposure to the lowest feasible level, and shall supplement these controls with the use of respirators which shall comply with the provisions of paragraph (f) of this section.
  • 1910.1043(e)(3) - Compliance program. [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(i) - (vi)].
  • 1910.1043(e)(4) - Mechanical ventilation. When mechanical ventilation is used to control exposure, measurements which demonstrate the effectiveness of the system to control exposure, such as capture velocity, duct velocity, or static pressure shall be made at reasonable intervals.

1910.1043(f) - Respiratory protection. [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (v)].

1910.1043(g) - Work practices. Each employer shall, regardless of the level of employee exposure, immediately establish and implement a written program of work practices which shall minimize cotton dust exposure. The following shall be included were applicable: [Reference paragraph (g)(1) - (4)].

1910.1043(h) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (h)(1)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1043(i) - Employee education and training.

1910.1043(j) - Signs. [Reference paragraph (j)(1) - (2)]. 

  • 1910.1043(j)(1) - The employer shall post the following warning sign in each work area where the permissible exposure limit for cotton dust is exceeded: [Reference paragraph (j)(1)]. 

1910.1043(k) - Recordkeeping.

1910.1043(l) - Observation of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (l)(1) - (3)]. 

  • 1910.1043(l)(1) - The employer shall provide affected employees or their designated representatives an opportunity to observe any measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to cotton dust conducted pursuant to paragraph (d) of this section.
  • 1910.1043(l)(2) - Whenever observation of the measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to cotton dust requires entry into an area where the use of personal protective equipment is required, the employer shall provide the observer with and assure the use of such equipment and shall require the observer to comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures.
  • 1910.1043(l)(3) - Without interfering with the measurement, observers shall be entitled to: [Reference paragraph (l)(3)(i) - (ii)]. 

1910.1043(m) - Washed Cotton. [Reference paragraph (m)(1) - (6)]. 

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, regulated areas, authorized person, exposure monitoring, determination, determine, respirator, employee notification, posting results, corrective action, description, methods of compliance, engineering controls, work practice controls, compliance program (written), revise annually, written plans, respirator program, maintenance, emergency situation (written plan), alerting employees, medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, examination, physician, procedures, information, copy, physician's written opinion, protective clothing and equipment, inform, housekeeping, affected employees, hygiene facilities and practices (i.e., change rooms, showers), training, training program, instruct, training materials, hazard communication, hazard communication program, records, recordkeeping, label, sign, safety data sheets, post signs, observation of monitoring, employee participation, safety and health procedure, measurement procedures, references other standards

1910.1044(c) - Permissible exposure limit. [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (2)].

1910.1044(e) - Regulated areas. [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (2)].

1910.1044(f) - Exposure monitoring. [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (ii)].

  • 1910.1044(f)(2) - Initial. Each employer who has a place of employment in which DBCP is present, shall monitor each workplace and work operation to accurately determine the airborne concentrations of DBCP to which employees may be exposed.
  • 1910.1044(f)(3) - Frequency. [Reference paragraph (f)(3)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1044(f)(4) - Additional. Whenever there has been a production, process, control, or personnel change which may result in any new or additional exposure to DBCP, or whenever the employer has any reason to suspect new or additional exposures to DBCP, the employer shall monitor the employees potentially affected by such change for the purpose of redetermining their exposure.
  • 1910.1044(f)(5) - Employee notification. [Reference paragraph (f)(5)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1044(f)(6) - Accuracy of measurement. The employer shall use a method of measurement which has an accuracy, to a confidence level of 95 percent, of not less than plus or minus 25 percent for concentrations of DBCP at or above the permissible exposure limit.

1910.1044(g) - Methods of compliance.

  • 1910.1044(g)(1) - Priority of compliance methods. The employer shall institute engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposures to DBCP at or below the permissible exposure limit, except to the extent that the employer establishes that such controls are not feasible. Where feasible engineering and work practice controls are not sufficient to reduce employee exposures to within the permissible exposure limit, the employer shall nonetheless use them to reduce exposures to the lowest level achievable by these controls, and shall supplement them by use of respiratory protection.
  • 1910.1044(g)(2) - Compliance program. [Reference paragraph (g)(2)(i) - (iv)].

1910.1044(h) - Respiratory protection.

1910.1044(i) - Emergency situations.

1910.1044(j) - Protective clothing and equipment.

  • 1910.1044(j)(1) - Provision and use. Where there is any possibility of eye or dermal contact with liquid or solid DBCP, the employer shall provide, at no cost to the employee, and assure that the employee wears impermeable protective clothing and equipment to protect the area of the body which may come in contact with DBCP. Eye and face protection shall meet the requirements of § 1910.133 - eye and face protection, of this part.
  • 1910.1044(j)(2) - Removal and storage. [Reference paragraph (j)(2)(i) - (v)].
  • 1910.1044(j)(3) - Cleaning and replacement. [Reference paragraph (j)(3)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1044(k) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (k)(1) - (3)].

1910.1044(l) - Hygiene facilities and practices. [Reference paragraph (l)(1) - (5)].

1910.1044(m) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (m)(1)(i) - (ii)].

  • 1910.1044(m)(1)(i) - The employer shall make available a medical surveillance program for employees who work in regulated areas and employees who are subjected to DBCP exposures in an emergency situation.
  • 1910.1044(m)(2) - Frequency and content. At the time of initial assignment, and annually thereafter, the employer shall provide a medical examination for employees who work in regulated areas, which includes at least the following: [Reference paragraph (m)(2)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1044(m)(3) - Additional examinations. If the employee for any reason develops signs or symptoms commonly associated with exposure to DBCP, the employer shall provide the employee with a medical examination which shall include those elements considered appropriate by the examining physician.
  • 1910.1044(m)(4) - Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician: [Reference paragraph (m)(4)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1044(m)(5) - Physician's written opinion. [Reference paragraph (m)(5)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1044(m)(6) - Emergency situations. If the employee is exposed to DBCP in an emergency situation, the employer shall provide the employee with a sperm count test as soon as practicable, or, if the employee has been vasectomized or is unable to produce a semen specimen, the hormone tests contained in paragraph (m)(2)(iii) of this section. The employer shall provide these same tests three months later.

1910.1044(n) - Employee information and training. 

1910.1044(o) - Communication of hazards.

  • 1910.1044(o)(1) - Hazard communication - general.
    • 1910.1044(o)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200) for DBCP.
    • 1910.1044(o)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of DBCP at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer; reproductive effects; liver effects; kidney effects; central nervous system effects; skin, eye and respiratory tract irritation; and acute toxicity effects.
    • 1910.1044(o)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include DBCP in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of DBCP and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (n) of this section.
    • 1910.1044(o)(1)(iv) - The employer shall ensure that no statement appears on or near any sign or label required by this paragraph (o) which contradicts or detracts from the meaning of the required sign or label.
  • 1910.1044(o)(2) - Signs.
  • 1910.1044(o)(3) - Labels. [Reference paragraph (o)(3)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1044(p) - Recordkeeping.

1910.1044(q) - Observation of monitoring -

  • 1910.1044(q)(1) - Employee observation. The employer shall provide affected employees, or their designated representatives, with an opportunity to observe any monitoring of employee exposure to DBCP required by this section.
  • 1910.1044(q)(2) - Observation procedures.
    • 1910.1044(q)(2)(i) - Whenever observation of the measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to DBCP requires entry into an area where the use of protective clothing or equipment is required, the employer shall provide the observer with personal protective clothing or equipment required to be worn by employees working in the area, assure the use of such clothing and equipment, and require the observer to comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures.  [Reference paragraph (q)(2)(i) - (ii)].

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to acrylonitrile.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, time weighted average, ceiling level, exposure monitoring, determinations, determine, employee notification, results, receipt, affected employee, notify, written notice (statement), corrective action, description, writing, regulated area, demarcated, authorized person, methods of compliance, engineering controls, work practice controls, compliance program (written), written plans, report, respirators, protective equipment and clothing, respirator program, label, safety data sheets, emergency situations (written plan), inform, housekeeping, hygiene facilities and practices (i.e., change rooms, showers), medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, examinations, physician, procedures, information, physician's written opinion, statement, instruct, copy, employee information, training, training program, employee participation, training materials, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors , records, recordkeeping, hazard communication, hazard communication program, classifying hazards, signs, post, data, references other standards 

1910.1045(c) - Permissible exposure limits. [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (2)].

1910.1045(e) - Exposure monitoring. [Reference paragraph (e)(1)(i) - (ii)].

  • 1910.1045(e)(2) - Initial monitoring. Each employer who has a place of employment in which AN is present shall monitor each such workplace and work operation to accurately determine the airborne concentrations of AN to which employees may be exposed.
  • 1910.1045(e)(3) - Frequency. [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1045(e)(4) - Additional monitoring. Whenever there has been a production, process, control, or personnel change which may result in new or additional exposures to AN, or whenever the employer has any other reason to suspect a change which may result in new or additional exposures to AN, additional monitoring which complies with this paragraph shall be conducted.
  • 1910.1045(e)(5) - Employee notification. [Reference paragraph (e)(5)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1045(e)(6) - Accuracy of measurement. The method of measurement of employee exposures shall be accurate to a confidence level of 95 percent, to within plus or minus 35 percent for concentrations of AN at or above the permissible exposure limits, and plus or minus 50 percent for concentrations of AN below the permissible exposure limits.

1910.1045(f) - Regulated areas. [Reference paragraph (f)(1) - (4)].

  • 1910.1045(f)(1) - The employer shall establish regulated areas where AN concentrations are in excess of the permissible exposure limits.
  • 1910.1045(f)(2) - Regulated areas shall be demarcated and segregated from the rest of the workplace, in any manner that minimizes the number of persons who will be exposed to AN.
  • 1910.1045(f)(3) - Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons or to persons otherwise authorized by the act or regulations issued pursuant thereto.

1910.1045(g) - Methods of compliance. 

1910.1045(h) - Respiratory protection.

1910.1045(i) - Emergency situations.

  • 1910.1045(i)(1) - Written plans. [Reference paragraph (i)(1)(i) - (iii)].
    • 1910.1045(i)(1)(i) - A written plan for emergency situations shall be developed for each workplace where liquid AN is present. Appropriate portions of the plan shall be implemented in the event of an emergency.
  • 1910.1045(i)(2) - Alerting employees. Where there is the possibility of employee exposure to AN in excess of the ceiling limit, a general alarm shall be installed and used to promptly alert employees of such occurrences.

1910.1045(j) - Protective clothing and equipment.

  • 1910.1045(j)(1) - Provision and use. Where eye or skin contact with liquid AN may occur, the employer shall provide at no cost to the employee, and assure that employees wear, impermeable protective clothing or other equipment to protect any area of the body which may come in contact with liquid AN. The provision of §§ 1910.132 - PPE, general requirements, and 1910.133 - eye and face protection, shall be complied with.
  • 1910.1045(j)(2)  - Cleaning and replacement. [Reference paragraph (j)(2)(i) - (v)]. 

1910.1045(k) - Housekeeping.  [Reference paragraph (k)(1) - (3)]. 

1910.1045(l) - Waste disposal. AN waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, or equipment shall be decontaminated before being incorporated in the general waste disposal system. 

1910.1045(m) - Hygiene facilities and practices.  [Reference paragraph (m)(1) - (4)]. 

1910.1045(n) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (n)(1)(i) - (ii)]. 

  • 1910.1045(n)(1)(i) - The employer shall institute a program of medical surveillance for each employee who is or will be exposed to AN at or above the action level, without regard to the use of respirators. The employer shall provide each such employee with an opportunity for medical examinations and tests in accordance with this paragraph.
  • 1910.1045(n)(2) - Initial examinations. At the time of initial assignment, or upon institution of the medical surveillance program, the employer shall provide each affected employee an opportunity for a medical examination, including at least the following elements: [Reference paragraph (n)(2)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1045(n)(3) - Periodic examinations. [Reference paragraph (n)(3)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1045(n)(4) - Additional examinations. If the employee for any reason develops signs or symptoms which may be associated with exposure to AN, the employer shall provide an appropriate examination and emergency medical treatment.
  • 1910.1045(n)(5) - Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician: [Reference paragraph (n)(5)(i) - (vi)].
  • 1910.1045(n)(6) - Physician's written opinion. [Reference paragraph (n)(6)(i) - (iii)]. 

1910.1045(o) - Employee information and training.

1910.1045(p) - Communication of hazards.

  • 1910.1045(p)(1) - Hazard communication - general. [Reference paragraph (p)(1)(i) - (iv)].
    • 1910.1045(p)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200) for AN and AN-based materials not exempted under paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    • 1910.1045(p)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of AN and AN-based materials at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer; central nervous system effects; liver effects; skin sensitization; skin, respiratory, and eye irritation; acute toxicity effects; and flammability.
    • 1910.1045(p)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include AN and AN-based materials in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of AN and AN-based materials and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (o) of this section.
  • 1910.1045(p)(2) - Signs.
    • 1910.1045(p)(2)(i) - The employer shall post signs to clearly indicate all workplaces where AN concentrations exceed the permissible exposure limits. The signs shall bear the following legend: [Reference paragraph (p)(2)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1045(p)(3) - Labels. [Reference paragraph (p)(3)(i) - (iii)]. 

1910.1045(q) - Recordkeeping.

1910.1045(r) - Observation of monitoring.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to ethylene oxide.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, time-weighted average, excursion limit, exposure monitoring, determination, determine, document, monitoring results, posting results, in writing, regulated areas, demarcated, methods of compliance, engineering controls, work practice controls, compliance program (written), schedule, leak detection surveys, written plan (emergency situations), respiratory protection, methods, respirator program, hazard communication, hazard communication program, personal protective equipment, medical surveillance, alerting employees, affected employees, physician, examinations, procedures, information, description, physician's written opinion, statement, informed, instruct, receipt, chemical manufacturers, importers, safety data sheets, labels, train, signs, post, distributors, training, records, recordkeeping, data, measurements, sampling, observation, safety and health procedures, authorized person, written consent, references other standards

1910.1047(c) - Permissible exposure limits. [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (2)].

1910.1047(d) -  Exposure monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1047(e) - Regulated areas. [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (3)].

1910.1047(f) - Methods of compliance.

  • 1910.1047(f)(1) - Engineering controls and work practices. [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (iii)].
    • 1910.1047(f)(1)(i) - The employer shall institute engineering controls and work practices to reduce and maintain employee exposure to or below the TWA and to or below the excursion limit, except to the extent that such controls are not feasible.
  • 1910.1047(f)(2) - Compliance program. [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(i) - (iv)].
    • 1910.1047(f)(2)(i) - Where the TWA or excursion limit is exceeded, the employer shall establish and implement a written program to reduce exposure to or below the TWA and to or below the excursion limit by means of engineering and work practice controls, as required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section, and by the use of respiratory protection where required or permitted under this section.
    • 1910.1047(f)(2)(ii) - The compliance program shall include a schedule for periodic leak detection surveys and a written plan for emergency situations, as specified in paragraph (h)(1) of this section.
    • 1910.1047(f)(2)(iii) - Written plans for a program required in paragraph (f)(2) shall be developed and furnished upon request for examination and copying to the Assistant Secretary, the Director, affected employees and designated employee representatives. Such plans shall be reviewed at least every 12 months, and shall be updated as necessary to reflect significant changes in the status of the employer's compliance program.

1910.1047(g) - Respiratory protection and personal protective equipment. [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (iv)].

  • 1910.1047(g)(2) - Respirator program. The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with §1910.134(b) through (d) [except (d)(1)(iii)], and (f) through (m), which covers each employee required by this section to use a respirator.
  • 1910.1047(g)(3) - Respirator selection. Employers must: [Reference paragraph (g)(3)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1047(g)(4) - Protective clothing and equipment. When employees could have eye or skin contact with EtO or EtO solutions, the employer must select and provide, at no cost to the employee, appropriate protective clothing or other equipment in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.132 - PPE, general requirements, and 1910.133 - eye and face protection, to protect any area of the employee's body that may come in contact with the EtO or EtO solution, and must ensure that the employee wears the protective clothing and equipment provided.

1910.1047(h) - Emergency situations.

  • 1910.1047(h)(1) - Written plan.
    • 1910.1047(h)(1)(i) - A written plan for emergency situations shall be developed for each workplace where there is a possibility of an emergency. Appropriate portions of the plan shall be implemented in the event of an emergency.
    • 1910.1047(h)(1)(ii) - The plan shall specifically provide that employees engaged in correcting emergency conditions shall be equipped with respiratory protection as required by paragraph (g) of this section until the emergency is abated.
    • 1910.1047(h)(1)(iii) - The plan shall include the elements prescribed in 29 CFR 1910.38 and 29 CFR 1910.39, "Emergency action plans" and "Fire prevention plans," respectively.
  • 1910.1047(h)(2) - Alerting employees. Where there is the possibility of employee exposure to EtO due to an emergency, means shall be developed to alert potentially affected employees of such occurrences promptly. Affected employees shall be immediately evacuated from the area in the event that an emergency occurs.

1910.1047(i) - Medical Surveillance. [Reference paragraph (i)(1)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1047(j) - Communication of hazards.

  • 1910.1047(j)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§1910.1200) for EtO.
  • 1910.1047(j)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of EtO at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer; reproductive effects; mutagenicity; central nervous system; skin sensitization; skin, eye and respiratory tract irritation; acute toxicity effects; and flammability.
  • 1910.1047(j)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include EtO in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of EtO and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (j)(3) of this section.
  • 1910.1047(j)(2) - Signs and labels.
    • 1910.1047(j)(2)(i)(A) - The employer shall post and maintain legible signs demarcating regulated areas and entrances or access ways to regulated areas that bear the following legend: [Reference paragraph (j)(2)(i)(A) - (B)].
    • 1910.1047(j)(2)(ii)(A) - The employer shall ensure that labels are affixed to all containers of EtO whose contents are capable of causing employee exposure at or above the action level or whose contents may reasonably be foreseen to cause employee exposure above the excursion limit, and that the labels remain affixed when the containers of EtO leave the workplace. For the purposes of this paragraph (j)(2)(ii), reaction vessels, storage tanks, and pipes or piping systems are not considered to be containers. [Reference paragraph (j)(2)(ii)(A) - (C)].
  • 1910.1047(j)(3) - Information and training. [Reference paragraph (j)(3)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1047(k) - Recordkeeping.

1910.1047(l) - Observation of monitoring.  [Reference paragraph (l)(1) - (2)]. 

  • 1910.1047(l)(2) - Observation procedures. When observation of the monitoring of employee exposure to EtO requires entry into an area where the use of protective clothing or equipment is required, the observer shall be provided with and be required to use such clothing and equipment and shall comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for formaldehyde.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, time-weighted average, short term exposure level, action level, results, sampling, exposure monitoring, medical surveillance, identify, determine, notify, in writing, posting results, affected employee, corrective action, description,  regulated areas, signs, methods of compliance, engineering controls, work practice controls, personal protective equipment and clothing, respirators, respirator program, authorized persons, communicate, trained, end-of-service-life indicators, approved, NIOSH, inform, label, hygiene protection (i.e., quick drench showers, eyewash), housekeeping, inspections, (leak detection) program, preventive maintenance, (emergency) procedures, medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, information, written medical opinion, medical removal, medical questionnaire, physician, examinations, communication of hazards, hazard communication, hazard communication program, safety data sheets, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, classify hazards, determinations, training, training program, written consent, training materials (written), records, recordkeeping, measurements, methods, fit-tests, references other standards 

1910.1048(c) - Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (2)].

1910.1048(d) - Exposure monitoring. 

  • 1910.1048(d)(1)(i) - Each employer who has a workplace covered by this standard shall monitor employees to determine their exposure to formaldehyde. [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1048(d)(2) - Initial monitoring. The employer shall identify all employees who may be exposed at or above the action level or at or above the STEL and accurately determine the exposure of each employee so identified. [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1048(d)(3) - Periodic monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1048(d)(4) - Termination of monitoring. The employer may discontinue periodic monitoring for employees if results from two consecutive sampling periods taken at least 7 days apart show that employee exposure is below the action level and the STEL. The results must be statistically representative and consistent with the employer's knowledge of the job and work operation.
  • 1910.1048(d)(5) - Accuracy of monitoring. Monitoring shall be accurate, at the 95 percent confidence level, to within plus or minus 25 percent for airborne concentrations of formaldehyde at the TWA and the STEL and to within plus or minus 35 percent for airborne concentrations of formaldehyde at the action level.
  • 1910.1048(d)(6) - Employee notification of monitoring results. The employer must, within 15 working days after the receipt of the results of any monitoring performed under this section, notify each affected employee of these results either individually in writing or by posting the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to employees. If employee exposure is above the PEL, affected employees shall be provided with a description of the corrective actions being taken by the employer to decrease exposure.
  • 1910.1048(d)(7) - Observation of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(7)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1048(e) - Regulated areas. 

  • 1910.1048(e)(1)(i) - The employer shall establish regulated areas where the concentration of airborne formaldehyde exceeds either the TWA or the STEL and post all entrances and access ways with signs bearing the following legend:  [Reference paragraph (e)(1)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1048(e)(2) - The employer shall limit access to regulated areas to authorized persons who have been trained to recognize the hazards of formaldehyde.
  • 1910.1048(e)(3) - An employer at a multiemployer worksite who establishes a regulated area shall communicate the access restrictions and locations of these areas to other employers with work operations at that worksite.

1910.1048(f) - Methods of compliance.

  • 1910.1048(f)(1) - Engineering controls and work practices. The employer shall institute engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposures to formaldehyde at or below the TWA and the STEL.

1910.1048(g) - Respiratory protection.

1910.1048(h) - Protective equipment and clothing. Employers shall comply with the provisions of 29 CFR 1910.132 - PPE, general requirements, and 29 CFR 1910.133 - eye and face protection. When protective equipment or clothing is provided under these provisions, the employer shall provide these protective devices at no cost to the employee and assure that the employee wears them.

1910.1048(i) - Hygiene protection. [Reference paragraph (i)(1) - (3)].

  • 1910.1048(i)(1) - The employer shall provide change rooms, as described in 29 CFR 1910.141 - sanitation, for employees who are required to change from work clothing into protective clothing to prevent skin contact with formaldehyde. 

1910.1048(j) - Housekeeping. For operations involving formaldehyde liquids or gas, the employer shall conduct a program to detect leaks and spills, including regular visual inspections. [Reference paragraph (j)(1) - (4)].

1910.1048(k) - Emergencies. For each workplace where there is the possibility of an emergency involving formaldehyde, the employer shall assure appropriate procedures are adopted to minimize injury and loss of life. Appropriate procedures shall be implemented in the event of an emergency.

1910.1048(l) - Medical surveillance. 

  • 1910.1048(l)(1)(i) - The employer shall institute medical surveillance programs for all employees exposed to formaldehyde at concentrations at or exceeding the action level or exceeding the STEL.
  • 1910.1048(l)(2) - Examination by a physician. All medical procedures, including administration of medical disease questionnaires, shall be performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician and shall be provided without cost to the employee, without loss of pay, and at a reasonable time and place.
  • 1910.1048(l)(3) - Medical disease questionnaire. The employer shall make the following medical surveillance available to employees prior to assignment to a job where formaldehyde exposure is at or above the action level or above the STEL and annually thereafter. The employer shall also make the following medical surveillance available promptly upon determining that an employee is experiencing signs and symptoms indicative of possible overexposure to formaldehyde. [Reference paragraph (l)(3)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1048(l)(4) - Medical examinations. Medical examinations shall be given to any employee who the physician feels, based on information in the medical disease questionnaire, may be at increased risk from exposure to formaldehyde and at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter to all employees required to wear a respirator to reduce exposure to formaldehyde. The medical examination shall include: [Reference paragraph (l)(4)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1048(l)(5) - Examinations for employees exposed in an emergency. The employer shall make medical examinations available as soon as possible to all employees who have been exposed to formaldehyde in an emergency. [Reference paragraph (l)(5)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1048(l)(6) - Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician: [Reference paragraph (l)(6)(i) - (vi)].
  • 1910.1048(l)(7) - Physician's written opinion. [Reference paragraph (l)(7)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1048(l)(8) - Medical removal. [Reference paragraph (l)(8)(i) - (ix)].
  • 1910.1048(l)(9) - Multiple physician review. [Reference paragraph (l)(9)(i) - (vi)]. 

1910.1048(m) - Communication of hazards. [Reference paragraph (m)(1) - (2)]. 

  • 1910.1048(m)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200) for formaldehyde.
  • 1910.1048(m)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include formaldehyde in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of formaldehyde and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (n) of this section.
  • 1910.1048(m)(2)(i) - In addition to the requirements in paragraphs (m)(1) through (m)(1)(iv) of this section, for materials listed in paragraph (m)(1)(iv) capable of releasing formaldehyde at levels above 0.5 ppm, labels shall appropriately address all hazards as defined in paragraph (d) of § 1910.1200 and Appendices A and B to § 1910.1200, including cancer and respiratory sensitization, and shall contain the hazard statement "May Cause Cancer."

1910.1048(n) - Employee information and training.

  • 1910.1048(n)(1) - Participation. The employer shall assure that all employees who are assigned to workplaces where there is exposure to formaldehyde participate in a training program, except that where the employer can show, using objective data, that employees are not exposed to formaldehyde at or above 0.1 ppm, the employer is not required to provide training.
  • 1910.1048(n)(2) - Participation. The employer shall assure that all employees who are assigned to workplaces where there is exposure to formaldehyde participate in a training program, except that where the employer can show, using objective data, that employees are not exposed to formaldehyde at or above 0.1 ppm, the employer is not required to provide training.
  • 1910.1048(n)(3) - Training program. The training program shall be conducted in a manner which the employee is able to understand and shall include: [Reference paragraph (n)(3)(i) - (vii)].
  • 1910.1048(n)(4) - Access to training materials. [Reference paragraph (n)(4)(i) - (ii)]. 

1910.1048(o) - Recordkeeping.

  • 1910.1048(o)(1) - Exposure measurements. The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record of all measurements taken to monitor employee exposure to formaldehyde. This record shall include: [Reference paragraph (o)(1)(i) - (vi)].
  • 1910.1048(o)(2) - Exposure determinations. Where the employer has determined that no monitoring is required under this standard, the employer shall maintain a record of the objective data relied upon to support the determination that no employee is exposed to formaldehyde at or above the action level.
  • 1910.1048(o)(3) - Medical surveillance. The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each employee subject to medical surveillance under this standard. This record shall include: [Reference paragraph (o)(3)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1048(o)(4) - Respirator fit testing. [Reference paragraph (o)(4)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1048(o)(5) - Record retention. The employer shall retain records required by this standard for at least the following periods:  [Reference paragraph (o)(5)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1048(o)(6)(ii) - The employer shall make employee exposure records, including estimates made from representative monitoring and available upon request for examination, and copying to the subject employee, or former employee, and employee representatives in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020(a)-(e) and (g)-(i) - access to employee exposure and medical records.
  • 1910.1048(o)(6)(iii) - Employee medical records required by this standard shall be provided upon request for examination and copying, to the subject employee or former employee or to anyone having the specific written consent of the subject employee or former employee in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020(a)-(e) and (g)-(i) - access to employee exposure and medical records.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to methylenedianiline.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, action levels, exposures, exposure monitoring, representation, medical surveillance, examinations, emergency plan (written), alerting employees, results, notification, receipt, visual monitoring, protective measures, corrective action, regulated areas, demarcation, PPE, authorized persons, engineering controls, work practice controls, compliance program (written), respiratory protection, respirator program, inform, label, safety data sheets, hazard communication, hazard communication program, hygiene facilities (i.e., change rooms, showers), signs (post), training, affected employees, training program, training materials, housekeeping, leak detection program, inspections, records, recordkeeping, tests, physician, written opinion, medical removal, medical removal protection benefits, data, measurements, observation procedures, classifying the hazards, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, job classification, safety and health procedures, notify, determinations, recommendations, description, references other standards

1910.1050(c) - Permissible exposure limits (PEL). The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of MDA in excess of ten parts per billion (10 ppb) as an 8-hour time-weighted average or a STEL of 100 ppb.

1910.1050(d) - Emergency situations.

  • 1910.1050(d)(1) - Written plan.
    • 1910.1050(d)(1)(i) - A written plan for emergency situations shall be developed for each workplace where there is a possibility of an emergency. Appropriate portions of the plan shall be implemented in the event of an emergency.
    • 1910.1050(d)(1)(ii) - The plan shall specifically provide that employees engaged in correcting emergency conditions shall be equipped with the appropriate personal protective equipment and clothing as required in paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section until the emergency is abated.
    • 1910.1050(d)(1)(iii) - The plan shall specifically include provisions for alerting and evacuating affected employees as well as the elements prescribed in 29 CFR 1910.38 and 29 CFR 1910.39, "Emergency action plans" and "Fire prevention plans," respectively.
  • 1910.1050(d)(2) - Alerting employees. Where there is the possibility of employee exposure to MDA due to an emergency, means shall be developed to alert promptly those employees who have the potential to be directly exposed. Affected employees not engaged in correcting emergency conditions shall be evacuated immediately in the event that an emergency occurs. Means shall also be developed and implemented for alerting other employees who may be exposed as a result of the emergency.

1910.1050(e) - Exposure monitoring.

  • 1910.1050(e)(1)(i) - Determinations of employee exposure shall be made from breathing zone air samples that are representative of each employee's exposure to airborne MDA over an eight (8) hour period. Determination of employee exposure to the STEL shall be made from breathing zone air samples collected over a 15 minute sampling period.
  • 1910.1050(e)(1)(ii) - Representative employee exposure shall be determined on the basis of one or more samples representing full shift exposure for each shift for each job classification in each work area where exposure to MDA may occur.
  • 1910.1050(e)(1)(iii) - Where the employer can document that exposure levels are equivalent for similar operations in different work shifts, the employer shall only be required to determine representative employee exposure for that operation during one shift.
  • 1910.1050(e)(2) - Initial monitoring. Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this standard shall perform initial monitoring to determine accurately the airborne concentrations of MDA to which employees may be exposed.
  • 1910.1050(e)(3) - Periodic monitoring and monitoring frequency. [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1050(e)(4) - Termination of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (e)(4)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1050(e)(5) - Additional monitoring. The employer shall institute the exposure monitoring required under paragraphs (e)(2) and (e)(3) of this section when there has been a change in production process, chemicals present, control equipment, personnel, or work practices which may result in new or additional exposures to MDA, or when the employer has any reason to suspect a change which may result in new or additional exposures.
  • 1910.1050(e)(6) - Accuracy of monitoring. Monitoring shall be accurate, to a confidence level of 95 percent, to within plus or minus 25 percent for airborne concentrations of MDA.
  • 1910.1050(e)(7) - Employee notification of monitoring results. [Reference paragraph (e)(7)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1050(e)(8) - Visual monitoring. The employer shall make routine inspections of employee hands, face and forearms potentially exposed to MDA. Other potential dermal exposures reported by the employee must be referred to the appropriate medical personnel for observation. If the employer determines that the employee has been exposed to MDA the employer shall: [Reference paragraph (e)(8)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1050(f) - Regulated areas.

  • 1910.1050(f)(1) - Establishment. [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1050(f)(2) - Demarcation. Regulated areas shall be demarcated from the rest of the workplace in a manner that minimizes the number of persons potentially exposed.
  • 1910.1050(f)(3) - Access. Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons.
  • 1910.1050(f)(4) - Personal protective equipment and clothing. Each person entering a regulated area shall be supplied with, and required to use, the appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment in accordance with paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section.
  • 1910.1050(f)(5) - Prohibited activities. The employer shall ensure that employees do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply cosmetics in regulated areas.

1910.1050(g) - Methods of compliance.

1910.1050(h) - Respiratory protection.

1910.1050(i) - Protective work clothing and equipment.

1910.1050(j) - Hygiene facilities and practices. [Reference paragraph (j)(1) - (3)].

1910.1050(k) - Communication of hazards.

1910.1050(l) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (l)(1) - (6)].

  • 1910.1050(l)(2) -The employer shall institute a program for detecting MDA leaks, spills, and discharges, including regular visual inspections of operations involving liquid or solid MDA.

1910.1050(m) - Medical surveillance.

  • 1910.1050(m)(1)(i) - The employer shall make available a medical surveillance program for employees exposed to MDA: [Reference paragraph (m)(1)(i) - (ii)]
  • 1910.1050(m)(2) - Initial examinations. [Reference paragraph (m)(2)(i) - (ii)]
  • 1910.1050(m)(3) - Periodic examinations. [Reference paragraph (m)(3)(i) - (ii)]
  • 1910.1050(m)(4) - Emergency examinations. If the employer determines that the employee has been exposed to a potentially hazardous amount of MDA in an emergency situation as addressed in paragraph (d) of this section, the employer shall provide medical examinations in accordance with paragraphs (m)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section. If the results of liver function testing indicate an abnormality, the employee shall be removed in accordance with paragraph (m)(9) of this section. Repeat liver function tests shall be conducted on the advice of the physician. If the results of the tests are normal, tests must be repeated two to three weeks from the initial testing. If the results of the second set of tests are normal and, on the advice of the physician, no additional testing is required.
  • 1910.1050(m)(5) - Additional examinations. Where the employee develops signs and symptoms associated with exposure to MDA, the employer shall provide the employee with an additional medical examination including a liver function test. Repeat liver function tests shall be conducted on the advice of the physician. If the results of the tests are normal, tests must be repeated two to three weeks from the initial testing. If the results of the second set of tests are normal and, on the advice of the physician, no additional testing is required.
  • 1910.1050(m)(6) - Multiple physician review mechanism. [Reference paragraph (m)(6)(i) - (v)]
  • 1910.1050(m)(7) - Information provided to the examining and consulting physicians. [Reference paragraph (m)(7)(i) - (ii)]
  • 1910.1050(m)(8) - Physician's written opinion. [Reference paragraph (m)(8)(i) - (ii)]
  • 1910.1050(m)(9) - Medical removal (Benefits)  [Reference paragraph (m)(9)(i) - (vi)]

1910.1050(n) - Recordkeeping.

1910.1050(o) - Observation of monitoring.

  • 1910.1050(o)(1) - Employee observation. The employer shall provide affected employees, or their designated representatives, an opportunity to observe the measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to MDA conducted pursuant to paragraph (e) of this section.
  • 1910.1050(o)(2) - Observation procedures. When observation of the measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to MDA requires entry into areas where the use of protective clothing and equipment or respirators is required, the employer shall provide the observer with personal protective clothing and equipment or respirators required to be worn by employees working in the area, assure the use of such clothing and equipment or respirators, and require the observer to comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to 1,3-Butadiene.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, time-weighted average, short-term exposure limit, exposure monitoring, determinations, job classification, document, notification, monitoring results, observation of monitoring, observation procedures, receipt, posting, schedule, information, corrective action (writing), regulated areas, demarcated, communicate, methods, engineering controls, work practices, compliance plan (written), respiratory protection, respirator program, records, training, review plans, exposure goal program (written), leak prevention, detection, and repair program, demonstrate, procedure, data, label, NIOSH, end-of-service-life indicator, protective clothing, emergency situation plans (written, medical screening and surveillance program, medical surveillance, health questionnaire, medical procedures, examinations, lab tests, physician, information, medical opinion (written), communication, hazard communication, classifying hazards, chemical manufacturers, distributors, importers, employee information, labels, safety data sheets, training program, records, recordkeeping, measurements, references other standards  

1910.1051(c) - Permissible exposure limits (PELs). [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (2)].

1910.1051(d) - Exposure monitoring.

  • 1910.1051(d)(1)(i) - Determinations of employee exposure shall be made from breathing zone air samples that are representative of the 8-hour TWA and 15-minute short-term exposures of each employee.
  • 1910.1051(d)(1)(ii) - Representative 8-hour TWA employee exposure shall be determined on the basis of one or more samples representing full-shift exposure for each shift and for each job classification in each work area.
  • 1910.1051(d)(1)(iii) - Representative 15-minute short-term employee exposures shall be determined on the basis of one or more samples representing 15-minute exposures associated with operations that are most likely to produce exposures above the STEL for each shift and for each job classification in each work area.
  • 1910.1051(d)(1)(iv) - Except for the initial monitoring required under paragraph (d)(2) of this section, where the employer can document that exposure levels are equivalent for similar operations on different work shifts, the employer need only determine representative employee exposure for that operation from the shift during which the highest exposure is expected.
  • 1910.1051(d)(2) - Initial monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1051(d)(3) - Periodic monitoring and its frequency. [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1051(d)(4) - Termination of monitoring.  [Reference paragraph (d)(4)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1051(d)(5) - Additional monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(5)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1051(d)(6) - Accuracy of monitoring. Monitoring shall be accurate, at a confidence level of 95 percent, to within plus or minus 25 percent for airborne concentrations of BD at or above the 1 ppm TWA limit and to within plus or minus 35 percent for airborne concentrations of BD at or above the action level of 0.5 ppm and below the 1 ppm TWA limit.
  • 1910.1051(d)(7) - Employee notification of monitoring results. [Reference paragraph (d)(7)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1051(d)(8) - Observation of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(8)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1051(e) - Regulated areas. [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (4)].

1910.1051(f) - Methods of compliance. [Reference paragraph (f)(1) - (2)].

1910.1051(g) - Exposure Goal Program. [Reference paragraph (g)(1) - (5)]. 

1910.1051(h) - Respiratory protection. 

1910.1051(i) - Protective clothing and equipment. Where appropriate to prevent eye contact and limit dermal exposure to BD, the employer shall provide protective clothing and equipment at no cost to the employee and shall ensure its use. Eye and face protection shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.133 - eye and face protection.

1910.1051(j) - Emergency situations. Written plan. A written plan for emergency situations shall be developed, or an existing plan shall be modified, to contain the applicable elements specified in 29 CFR 1910.38 and 29 CFR 1910.39, "Emergency action plans" and "Fire prevention plans," respectively, and in 29 CFR 1910.120, "Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response," for each workplace where there is the possibility of an emergency.

1910.1051(k) - Medical screening and surveillance.

1910.1051(l) - Communication of BD hazards to employees.

  • 1910.1051(l)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200) for BD.
  • 1910.1051(l)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of BD at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer; eye and respiratory tract irritation; central nervous system effects; and flammability.
  • 1910.1051(l)(1)(iii) -  Employers shall include BD in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of BD and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (l)(2) of this section.
  • 1910.1051(l)(2) - Employee information and training. [Reference paragraph (l)(2)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1051(l)(3) - Access to information and training materials. [Reference paragraph (l)(3)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1051(m) - Recordkeeping.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to methylene chloride.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, short-term exposure levels, exposure monitoring, exposure monitoring program, medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, time-weighted average, employee notification, monitoring results, authorized person, employee observation, observation procedures, regulated areas, methods of compliance, engineering controls, work practice controls, leak detection procedures, respiratory protection, respirator program, hazard communication, hazard communication program, demarcate, safety data sheets, signs, labels, medical evaluation, examinations, protective work clothing and equipment, physician, hygiene facilities (i.e., change room, showers), affect employees, information, reports, demonstrate, medical opinion (written), recommendations, statement, instruct, medical removal (protection benefits), records, recordkeeping, data, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, measurements, inform, evidence, schedule, job classification, determinations, alerts, training, references other standards

1910.1052(c) - Permissible exposure limits (PELs).

  • 1910.1052(c)(1) - Eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) PEL. The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of MC in excess of twenty-five parts of MC per million parts of air (25 ppm) as an 8-hour TWA.
  • 1910.1052(c)(2) - Short-term exposure limit (STEL). The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of MC in excess of one hundred and twenty-five parts of MC per million parts of air (125 ppm) as determined over a sampling period of fifteen minutes.

1910.1052(d) - Exposure monitoring.

1910.1052(e) - Regulated areas. [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (7)]. 

  • 1910.1052(e)(6) - The employer shall demarcate regulated areas from the rest of the workplace in any manner that adequately establishes and alerts employees to the boundaries of the area and minimizes the number of authorized employees exposed to MC within the regulated area.

1910.1052(f) - Methods of compliance.

  • 1910.1052(f)(1) - Engineering and work practice controls. The employer shall institute and maintain the effectiveness of engineering controls and work practices to reduce employee exposure to or below the PELs except to the extent that the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible. Wherever the feasible engineering controls and work practices which can be instituted are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the 8-TWA PEL or STEL, the employer shall use them to reduce employee exposure to the lowest levels achievable by these controls and shall supplement them by the use of respiratory protection that complies with the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section.
  • 1910.1052(f)(3) - Leak and spill detection.
    • 1910.1052(f)(3)(i) - The employer shall implement procedures to detect leaks of MC in the workplace. In work areas where spills may occur, the employer shall make provisions to contain any spills and to safely dispose of any MC-contaminated waste materials.
    • 1910.1052(f)(3)(ii) - The employer shall ensure that all incidental leaks are repaired and that incidental spills are cleaned promptly by employees who use the appropriate personal protective equipment and are trained in proper methods of cleanup. Note to paragraph (f)(3)(ii): See appendix A - substance safety data sheet, of this section for examples of procedures that satisfy this requirement. Employers covered by this standard may also be subject to the hazardous waste and emergency response provisions contained in 29 CFR 1910.120(q) - hazardous waste operations and emergency response.

1910.1052(g) - Respiratory protection.

1910.1052(h) - Protective Work Clothing and Equipment. [Reference paragraph (h)(1) - (3)]. 

  • 1910.1052(h)(1) -  Where needed to prevent MC-induced skin or eye irritation, the employer shall provide clean protective clothing and equipment which is resistant to MC, at no cost to the employee, and shall ensure that each affected employee uses it. Eye and face protection shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.133 - eye and face protection, or 29 CFR 1915.153 - eye and face protection, as applicable.

1910.1052(i) - Hygiene facilities. [Reference paragraph (i)(1) - (2)]. 

1910.1052(j) - Medical surveillance. 

  • 1910.1052(j)(1) - Affected employees. The employer shall make medical surveillance available for employees who are or may be exposed to MC as follows: [Reference paragraph (j)(1)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1052(j)(2) - Costs. The employer shall provide all required medical surveillance at no cost to affected employees, without loss of pay and at a reasonable time and place.
  • 1910.1052(j)(3) - Medical personnel. The employer shall ensure that all medical surveillance procedures are performed by a physician or other licensed health care professional, as defined in paragraph (b) of this section.
  • 1910.1052(j)(4) - Frequency of medical surveillance. The employer shall make medical surveillance available to each affected employee as follows: [Reference paragraph (j)(4)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1052(j)(5) - Content of medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (j)(5)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1052(j)(6) - Content of emergency medical surveillance. The employer shall ensure that medical surveillance made available when an employee has been exposed to MC in emergency situations includes, at a minimum: [Reference paragraph (j)(6)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1052(j)(7) - Additional examinations and referrals. Where the physician or other licensed health care professional determines it is necessary, the scope of the medical examination shall be expanded and the appropriate additional medical surveillance, such as referrals for consultation or examination, shall be provided.
  • 1910.1052(j)(8) - Information provided to the physician or other licensed health care professional. The employer shall provide the following information to a physician or other licensed health care professional who is involved in the diagnosis of MC-induced health effects: [Reference paragraph (j)(8)(i) - (v)].
  • 1910.1052(j)(9) - Written medical opinions. [Reference paragraph (j)(9)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1052(j)(10) - Medical presumption. For purposes of this paragraph (j) of this section, the physician or other licensed health care professional shall presume, unless medical evidence indicates to the contrary, that a medical condition is unlikely to require medical removal from MC exposure if the employee is not exposed to MC above the 8-hour TWA PEL. If the physician or other licensed health care professional recommends removal for an employee exposed below the 8-hour TWA PEL, the physician or other licensed health care professional shall cite specific medical evidence, sufficient to rebut the presumption that exposure below the 8-hour TWA PEL is unlikely to require removal, to support the recommendation. If such evidence is cited by the physician or other licensed health care professional, the employer must remove the employee. If such evidence is not cited by the physician or other licensed health care professional, the employer is not required to remove the employee.
  • 1910.1052(j)(11) - Medical Removal Protection (MRP). [Reference paragraph (j)(11)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1052(j)(12) - Medical removal protection benefits. [Reference paragraph (j)(12)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1052(j)(13) - Voluntary removal or restriction of an employee. Where an employer, although not required by this section to do so, removes an employee from exposure to MC or otherwise places any limitation on an employee due to the effects of MC exposure on the employee's medical condition, the employer shall provide medical removal protection benefits to the employee equal to those required by paragraph (j)(12) of this section.
  • 1910.1052(j)(14) - Multiple health care professional review mechanism. [Reference paragraph (j)(14)(i) - (vi)]. 

1910.1052(k) - Hazard communication.

  • 1910.1052(k)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200) for MC.
  • 1910.1052(k)(1)(ii) - In classifying the hazards of MC at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer, cardiac effects (including elevation of carboxyhemoglobin), central nervous system effects, liver effects, and skin and eye irritation.
  • 1910.1052(k)(1)(iii) - Employers shall include MC in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of MC and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (l) of this section.

1910.1052(l) - Employee information and training. [Reference paragraph (l)(1) - (8)]. 

1910.1052(m) - Recordkeeping.

  • 1910.1052(m)(1) - Objective data. [Reference paragraph (m)(1)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1052(m)(2) - Exposure measurements. [Reference paragraph (m)(2)(i) - (iv)].
    • 1910.1052(m)(2)(iv) - The employer shall maintain this record for at least thirty (30) years, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
  • 1910.1052(m)(3) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (m)(3)(i) - (iii)].
    • 1910.1052(m)(3)(iii) - The employer shall ensure that this record is maintained for the duration of employment plus thirty (30) years, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
  • 1910.1052(m)(4) - Availability.
    • 1910.1052(m)(4)(i) - The employer, upon written request, shall make all records required to be maintained by this section available to the Assistant Secretary and the Director for examination and copying in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
    • 1910.1052(m)(4)(ii) - The employer, upon request, shall make any employee exposure and objective data records required by this section available for examination and copying by affected employees, former employees, and designated representatives in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
    • 1910.1052(m)(4)(iii) - The employer, upon request, shall make employee medical records required to be kept by this section available for examination and copying by the subject employee and by anyone having the specific written consent of the subject employee in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
  • 1910.1052(m)(5) - Transfer of records. The employer shall comply with the requirements concerning transfer of records set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1020(h) - access to employee exposure and medical records. 

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to respirable crystalline silica.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, action level, assess, reassess, exposure assessment, performance option, exposures, laboratory, scheduled monitoring, job classification, monitoring, methods, housekeeping, employee notification, evaluated, written notification, corrective action, regulated areas, protective clothing, respirator, respirator program, hazard communication, hazard communication program, observation of monitoring, demarcation, signs, post, authorized person, procedures, methods of compliance, engineering controls, labels, safety data sheets, work practice controls, exposure control plan (written), demonstrate, description, measures, medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, physician, medical examinations, tests, information, train, training, records, recordkeeping, data, medical report (written), results, statement, recommendations, signs (post), medical opinion (written), references other standards

1910.1053(d) - Exposure assessment.

  • 1910.1053(d)(1) - General. The employer shall assess the exposure of each employee who is or may reasonably be expected to be exposed to respirable crystalline silica at or above the action level in accordance with either the performance option in paragraph (d)(2) or the scheduled monitoring option in paragraph (d)(3) of this section.
  • 1910.1053(d)(2) - Performance option. The employer shall assess the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee on the basis of any combination of air monitoring data or objective data sufficient to accurately characterize employee exposures to respirable crystalline silica.
  • 1910.1053(d)(3) - Scheduled monitoring option. [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i) - (v)].
  • 1910.1053(d)(4) - Reassessment of exposures. The employer shall reassess exposures whenever a change in the production, process, control equipment, personnel, or work practices may reasonably be expected to result in new or additional exposures at or above the action level, or when the employer has any reason to believe that new or additional exposures at or above the action level have occurred.
  • 1910.1053(d)(5) - Methods of sample analysis. The employer shall ensure that all samples taken to satisfy the monitoring requirements of paragraph (d) of this section are evaluated by a laboratory that analyzes air samples for respirable crystalline silica in accordance with the procedures in Appendix A to this section.
  • 1910.1053(d)(6) - Employee notification of assessment results. [Reference paragraph (d)(6)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1053(d)(7) - Observation of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(7)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1053(e) - Regulated areas.

  • 1910.1053(e)(1) - Establishment. The employer shall establish a regulated area wherever an employee's exposure to airborne concentrations of respirable crystalline silica is, or can reasonably be expected to be, in excess of the PEL.
  • 1910.1053(e)(2) - Demarcation. [Reference paragraph (e)(2)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1053(e)(3) - Access. The employer shall limit access to regulated areas to: [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(A) - (C)].
  • 1910.1053(e)(4) - Provision of respirators. The employer shall provide each employee and the employee's designated representative entering a regulated area with an appropriate respirator in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section and shall require each employee and the employee's designated representative to use the respirator while in a regulated area.

1910.1053(f) - Methods of compliance.

  • 1910.1053(f)(1) - Engineering and work practice controls. The employer shall use engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure to respirable crystalline silica to or below the PEL, unless the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible. Wherever such feasible engineering and work practice controls are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL, the employer shall nonetheless use them to reduce employee exposure to the lowest feasible level and shall supplement them with the use of respiratory protection that complies with the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section.
  • 1910.1053(f)(2) - Written exposure control plan.
    • 1910.1053(f)(2)(i) - The employer shall establish and implement a written exposure control plan that contains at least the following elements: [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(i) - (iii)].
    • 1910.1053(f)(3) - Abrasive blasting. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (f)(1) of this section, the employer shall comply with other OSHA standards, when applicable, such as 29 CFR 1910.94 (Ventilation), 29 CFR 1915.34 (Mechanical paint removers), and 29 CFR 1915 Subpart I (Personal Protective Equipment), where abrasive blasting is conducted using crystalline silica-containing blasting agents, or where abrasive blasting is conducted on substrates that contain crystalline silica.

1910.1053(g) - Respiratory protection.

  • 1910.1053(g)(1) -  General. Where respiratory protection is required by this section, the employer must provide each employee an appropriate respirator that complies with the requirements of this paragraph and 29 CFR 1910.134. Respiratory protection is required: [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1053(g)(2) - Respiratory protection program. Where respirator use is required by this section, the employer shall institute a respiratory protection program in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134.

1910.1053(h) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (h)(1) - (2)].

  • 1910.1053(h)(1) - The employer shall not allow dry sweeping or dry brushing where such activity could contribute to employee exposure to respirable crystalline silica unless wet sweeping, HEPA-filtered vacuuming or other methods that minimize the likelihood of exposure are not feasible.

1910.1053(i) - Medical surveillance.

  • 1910.1053(i)(1)(i) - The employer shall make medical surveillance available at no cost to the employee, and at a reasonable time and place, for each employee who will be occupationally exposed to respirable crystalline silica at or above the action level for 30 or more days per year.
  • 1910.1053(i)(1)(ii) - The employer shall ensure that all medical examinations and procedures required by this section are performed by a PLHCP as defined in paragraph (b) of this section.
  • 1910.1053(i)(2) - Initial examination. The employer shall make available an initial (baseline) medical examination within 30 days after initial assignment, unless the employee has received a medical examination that meets the requirements of this section within the last three years. The examination shall consist of: [Reference paragraph (i)(2)(i) - (vi)].
  • 1910.1053(i)(3) - Periodic examinations. The employer shall make available medical examinations that include the procedures described in paragraph (i)(2) of this section [except paragraph (i)(2)(v)] at least every three years, or more frequently if recommended by the PLHCP.
  • 1910.1053(i)(4) - Information provided to the PLHCP. The employer shall ensure that the examining PLHCP has a copy of this standard, and shall provide the PLHCP with the following information: [Reference paragraph (i)(4)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1910.1053(i)(5) - PLHCP's written medical report for the employee. The employer shall ensure that the PLHCP explains to the employee the results of the medical examination and provides each employee with a written medical report within 30 days of each medical examination performed. The written report shall contain: [Reference paragraph (i)(5)(i) - (iv)].  
  • 1910.1053(i)(6) - PLHCP's written medical opinion for the employer. [Reference paragraph (i)(6)(i) - (iii)].  
  • 1910.1053(i)(7) - Additional examinations. [Reference paragraph (i)(7)(i) - (iv)].

1910.1053(j) - Communication of respirable crystalline silica hazards to employees.

  • 1910.1035(j)(1) - Hazard communication. The employer shall include respirable crystalline silica in the program established to comply with the hazard communication standard (HCS) (29 CFR 1910.1200). The employer shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of crystalline silica and safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the provisions of HCS and paragraph (j)(3) of this section. The employer shall ensure that at least the following hazards are addressed: Cancer, lung effects, immune system effects, and kidney effects.
  • 1910.1053(j)(2) - Signs. The employer shall post signs at all entrances to regulated areas that bear the following legend: [Reference paragraph (j)(2)].
  • 1910.1053(j)(3) - Employee information and training. [Reference paragraph (j)(3)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1053(k) - Recordkeeping.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to ionizing radiation.

Radiation includes alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, X-rays, neutrons, high-speed electrons, high-speed protons, and other atomic particles; but such term does not include sound or radio waves, or visible light, or infrared or ultraviolet light.

Special Requirements: Exposures, restricted areas, precautionary procedures, personal monitoring, caution signs (posted), labels, signals, symbols, alarm signal, labels, signal-generating system, testing, tests, inspections, checks, instruction, notification, notify, report (writing), records, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, DOT, licenses, reference other standards

1910.1096(b) - Exposure of individuals to radiation in restricted areas. [Reference paragraph (b)(1) - (4)].

1910.1096(c) - Exposure to airborne radioactive material. [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (3)].

1910.1096(d) - Precautionary procedures and personal monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (3)].

1910.1096(e) - Caution signs, labels, and signals

  • 1910.1096(e)(1)(i) - Symbols prescribed by this paragraph shall use the conventional radiation caution colors (magenta or purple on yellow background). The symbol prescribed by this paragraph is the conventional three-bladed design:
  • 1910.1096(e)(2) - Radiation area. Each radiation area shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol described in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph and the words:
  • 1910.1096(e)(3)(i) - Each high radiation area shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words:
  • 1910.1096(e)(3)(ii) - Each high radiation area shall be equipped with a control device which shall either cause the level of radiation to be reduced below that at which an individual might receive a dose of 100 millirems in 1 hour upon entry into the area or shall energize a conspicuous visible or audible alarm signal in such a manner that the individual entering and the employer or a supervisor of the activity are made aware of the entry. In the case of a high radiation area established for a period of 30 days or less, such control device is not required.
  • 1910.1096(e)(4)(ii) - Each airborne radioactivity area shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the words:
  • 1910.1096(e)(5)(i) - Each area or room in which radioactive material is used or stored and which contains any radioactive material (other than natural uranium or thorium) in any amount exceeding 10 times the quantity of such material specified in appendix C to 10 CFR part 20 shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the words:
  • 1910.1096(e)(5)(ii) - Each area or room in which natural uranium or thorium is used or stored in an amount exceeding 100 times the quantity of such material specified in 10 CFR part 20 shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the words:
  • 1910.1096(e)(6)(i) - Each container in which is transported, stored, or used a quantity of any radioactive material (other than natural uranium or thorium) greater than the quantity of such material specified in appendix C to 10 CFR part 20 shall bear a durable, clearly visible label bearing the radiation caution symbol described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the words:
  • 1910.1096(e)(6)(ii) - Each container in which natural uranium or thorium is transported, stored, or used in a quantity greater than 10 times the quantity specified in appendix C to 10 CFR part 20 shall bear a durable, clearly visible label bearing the radiation caution symbol described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the words:
  • 1910.1096(e)(6)(iii) - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (e)(6)(i) and (ii) of this section a label shall not be required: [Reference paragraph (e)(6)(iii)(a) - (b)].
  • 1910.1096(e)(6)(iv) - Where containers are used for storage, the labels required in this subparagraph shall state also the quantities and kinds of radioactive materials in the containers and the date of measurement of the quantities.

1910.1096(f) - Immediate evacuation warning signal. [Reference paragraph (f)(1) - (3)].

1910.1096(g) - Exceptions from posting requirements. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (e) of this section: [Reference paragraph (g)(1) - (3)].

1910.1096(h) - Exemptions for radioactive materials packaged for shipment. Radioactive materials packaged and labeled in accordance with regulations of the Department of Transportation published in 49 CFR Chapter I, are exempt from the labeling and posting requirements of this subpart during shipment, provided that the inside containers are labeled in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (e) of this section.

1910.1096(i) - Instruction of personnel, posting. [Reference paragraph (i)(1) - (3)].

1910.1096(l) - Notification of incidents.

  • 1910.1096(l)(1) - Immediate notification. Each employer shall immediately notify the Assistant Secretary of Labor or his duly authorized representative, for employees not protected by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission by means of 10 CFR part 20; paragraph (p)(2) of this section, or the requirements of the laws and regulations of States named in paragraph (p)(3) of this section, by telephone or telegraph of any incident involving radiation which may have caused or threatens to cause: [Reference paragraph (l)(1)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1096(l)(2) - Twenty-four hour notification. Each employer shall within 24 hours following its occurrence notify the Assistant Secretary of Labor or his duly authorized representative for employees not protected by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission by means of 10 CFR part 20; paragraph (p)(2) of this section, or the requirements of the laws and applicable regulations of States named in paragraph (p)(3) of this section, by telephone or telegraph of any incident involving radiation which may have caused or threatens to cause: [Reference paragraph (l)(2)(i)].

1910.1096(m) - Reports of overexposure and excessive levels and concentrations. [Reference paragraph (m)(1) - (2)].

1910.1096(n) - Records. [Reference paragraph (n)(1) - (2)].

1910.1096(o) - Disclosure to former employee of individual employee's record. [Reference paragraph (o)(1)].

1910.1096(p) - Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensees - NRC contractors operating NRC plants and facilities - NRC Agreement State licensees or registrants. [Reference paragraph (p)(1) - (3)].

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to hazard communication.

Special Requirements: Information, labeling, safety data sheets, training, workplace program, transmit information, communication, protective measures, training programs, hazard communication program (written), forms of warning, classified, tagged, marked, measures, displayed, evaluate, hazard classification, lists, procedures, scientific literature, test, evidence, chemical manufacturers and importers, determine, labeling system, written materials, procedures, methods, inform, non-routine tasks, unlabeled pipes, precautionary measures, references other standards

1910.1200(a)(1) - The purpose of this section is to ensure that the hazards of all chemicals produced or imported are classified, and that information concerning the classified hazards is transmitted to employers and employees. The requirements of this section are intended to be consistent with the provisions of the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS), primarily Revision 7. The transmittal of information is to be accomplished by means of comprehensive hazard communication programs, which are to include container labeling and other forms of warning, safety data sheets and employee training.

1910.1200(a)(2) - This occupational safety and health standard is intended to address comprehensively the issue of classifying the potential hazards of chemicals, and communicating information concerning hazards and appropriate protective measures to employees, and to preempt any legislative or regulatory enactments of a state, or political subdivision of a state, pertaining to this subject. Classifying the potential hazards of chemicals and communicating information concerning hazards and appropriate protective measures to employees, may include, for example, but is not limited to, provisions for: developing and maintaining a written hazard communication program for the workplace, including lists of hazardous chemicals present; labeling of containers of chemicals in the workplace, as well as of containers of chemicals being shipped to other workplaces; preparation and distribution of safety data sheets to employees and downstream employers; and development and implementation of employee training programs regarding hazards of chemicals and protective measures. Under section 18 of the Act, no state or political subdivision of a state may adopt or enforce any requirement relating to the issue addressed by this Federal standard, except pursuant to a Federally-approved state plan.

1910.1200(b)(1) - This section requires chemical manufacturers or importers to classify the hazards of chemicals which they produce or import, and all employers to provide information to their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed, by means of a hazard communication program, labels and other forms of warning, safety data sheets, and information and training. In addition, this section requires distributors to transmit the required information to employers. (Employers who do not produce or import chemicals need only focus on those parts of this rule that deal with establishing a workplace program and communicating information to their workers.)

1910.1200(b)(3)(i) - Employers shall ensure that labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals are not removed or defaced;

1910.1200(b)(3)(ii) - Employers shall maintain any safety data sheets that are received with incoming shipments of hazardous chemicals, and ensure that they are readily accessible during each workshift to laboratory employees when they are in their work areas;

1910.1200(b)(3)(iii) - Employers shall ensure that laboratory employees are provided information and training in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section, except for the location and availability of the written hazard communication program under paragraph (h)(2)(iii) of this section; and,

1910.1200(b)(3)(iv) - Laboratory employers that ship hazardous chemicals are considered to be either a chemical manufacturer or a distributor under this rule, and thus must ensure that any containers of hazardous chemicals leaving the laboratory are labeled in accordance with paragraph (f) of this section, and that a safety data sheet is provided to distributors and other employers in accordance with paragraphs (g)(6) and (g)(7) of this section.

1910.1200(b)(4)  - In work operations where employees only handle chemicals in sealed containers which are not opened under normal conditions of use (such as are found in marine cargo handling, warehousing, or retail sales), this section applies to these operations only as follows:

  • 1910.1200(b)(4)(i) - Employers shall ensure that labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals are not removed or defaced;
  • 1910.1200(b)(4)(ii) - Employers shall maintain copies of any safety data sheets that are received with incoming shipments of the sealed containers of hazardous chemicals, shall obtain a safety data sheet as soon as possible for sealed containers of hazardous chemicals received without a safety data sheet if an employee requests the safety data sheet, and shall ensure that the safety data sheets are readily accessible during each work shift to employees when they are in their work area(s); and,
  • 1910.1200(b)(4)(iii) - Employers shall ensure that employees are provided with information and training in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section (except for the location and availability of the written hazard communication program under paragraph (h)(2)(iii) of this section), to the extent necessary to protect them in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from a sealed container.

1910.1200(b)(5) - This section does not require labeling of the following chemicals: [Reference paragraph (b)(5)(i) - (vi)].

1910.1200(b)(6) - This section does not apply to (References other standards): [Reference paragraph (b)(6)(i) - (xii)].

1910.1200(d)(1) - Chemical manufacturers and importers shall evaluate chemicals produced in their workplaces or imported by them to classify the chemicals in accordance with this section. Employers are not required to classify chemicals unless they choose not to rely on the classification performed by the chemical manufacturer or importer for the chemical to satisfy this paragraph (d)(1). For each chemical, the chemical manufacturer or importer shall determine the hazard classes, and where appropriate, the category of each class that apply to the chemical being classified. The hazard classification shall include any hazards associated with the chemical’s intrinsic properties including: [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1200(d)(2) - Chemical manufacturers, importers or employers classifying chemicals shall identify and consider the full range of available scientific literature and other evidence concerning the potential hazards. There is no requirement to test the chemical to determine how to classify its hazards. Appendix A - health hazard criteria (mandatory) to § 1910.1200 shall be consulted for classification of health hazards, and Appendix B - physical criteria (mandatory), to § 1910.1200 shall be consulted for the classification of physical hazards.

1910.1200(d)(3)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, or employers evaluating chemicals shall follow the procedures described in Appendix A - health hazard criteria (mandatory) and Appendix B - physical criteria (mandatory) to § 1910.1200 to classify the hazards of the chemicals, including determinations regarding when mixtures of the classified chemicals are covered by this section.

1910.1200(d)(3)(ii) - When classifying mixtures they produce or import, chemical manufacturers and importers of mixtures may rely on the information provided on the current safety data sheets of the individual ingredients, except where the chemical manufacturer or importer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable diligence should know, that the safety data sheet misstates or omits information required by this section.

1910.1200(e) - Written hazard communication program.

  • 1910.1200(e)(1) - Employers shall develop, implement, and maintain at each workplace, a written hazard communication program which at least describes how the criteria specified in paragraphs (f), (g), and (h) of this section for labels and other forms of warning, safety data sheets, and employee information and training will be met, and which also includes the following:
    • 1910.1200(e)(1)(i) - A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present using a product identifier that is referenced on the appropriate safety data sheet (the list may be compiled for the workplace as a whole or for individual work areas); and,
    • 1910.1200(e)(1)(ii) - The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the hazards of non-routine tasks (for example, the cleaning of reactor vessels), and the hazards associated with chemicals contained in unlabeled pipes in their work areas.
  • 1910.1200(e)(2) - Multi-employer workplaces. Employers who produce, use, or store hazardous chemicals at a workplace in such a way that the employees of other employer(s) may be exposed (for example, employees of a construction contractor working on-site) shall additionally ensure that the hazard communication programs developed and implemented under this paragraph (e) include the following:
    • 1910.1200(e)(2)(i) - The methods the employer will use to provide the other employer(s) on-site access to safety data sheets for each hazardous chemical the other employer(s)' employees may be exposed to while working;
    • 1910.1200(e)(2)(ii) - The methods the employer will use to inform the other employer(s) of any precautionary measures that need to be taken to protect employees during the workplace's normal operating conditions and in foreseeable emergencies; and,
    • 1910.1200(e)(2)(iii) - The methods the employer will use to inform the other employer(s) of the labeling system used in the workplace.
  • 1910.1200(e)(3) - The employer may rely on an existing hazard communication program to comply with these requirements, provided that it meets the criteria established in this paragraph (e).
  • 1910.1200(e)(4) - The employer shall make the written hazard communication program available, upon request, to employees, their designated representatives, the Assistant Secretary and the Director, in accordance with the requirements of § 1910.1020(e) - access to employee exposure and medical records, access to records.
  • 1910.1200(e)(5) - Where employees must travel between workplaces during a workshift, i.e., their work is carried out at more than one geographical location, the written hazard communication program may be kept at the primary workplace facility.

1910.1200(f) - Labels and other forms of warning.

  • 1910.1200(f)(1) - Labels on shipped containers. The chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor shall ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals leaving the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked. Hazards not otherwise classified and hazards identified and classified under (d)(1)(ii) do not have to be addressed on the container. Where the chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor is required to label, tag or mark the following shall be provided: [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (vi).
  • 1910.1200(f)(2) - The chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor shall ensure that the information provided under paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (v) of this section is in accordance with Appendix C - allocation of label elements (Mandatory) to § 1910.1200, for each hazard class and associated hazard category for the hazardous chemical, prominently displayed, and in English (other languages may also be included if appropriate).
  • 1910.1200(f)(3) - The chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor shall ensure that the information provided under paragraphs (f)(1)(ii) through (iv) of this section is located together on the label, tag, or mark.
  • 1910.1200(f)(4)(i) - For solid metal (such as a steel beam or a metal casting), solid wood, or plastic items that are not exempted as articles due to their downstream use, or shipments of whole grain, the required label may be transmitted to the customer at the time of the initial shipment, and need not be included with subsequent shipments to the same employer unless the information on the label changes;
  • 1910.1200(f)(4)(ii) - The label may be transmitted with the initial shipment itself, or with the safety data sheet that is to be provided prior to or at the time of the first shipment; and,
  • 1910.1200(f)(4)(iii) - This exception to requiring labels on every container of hazardous chemicals is only for the solid material itself, and does not apply to hazardous chemicals used in conjunction with, or known to be present with, the material and to which employees handling the items in transit may be exposed (for example, cutting fluids or pesticides in grains).
  • 1910.1200(f)(5)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, or distributors shall ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals leaving the workplace is labeled, tagged, or marked in accordance with this section in a manner which does not conflict with the requirements of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.) and regulations issued under that Act by the Department of Transportation (49 CFR subtitle B).
  • 1910.1200(f)(5)(ii) - The label for bulk shipments of hazardous chemicals must be on the immediate container, transmitted with the shipping papers or the bills of lading, or, with the agreement of the receiving entity, transmitted by technological or electronic means so that it is immediately available to workers in printed form on the receiving end of shipment.
  • 1910.1200(f)(5)(iii) - Where a pictogram required by the Department of Transportation under title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations appears on a shipped container, the pictogram specified in appendix C.4 - allocation of label elements (mandatory), to this section for the same hazard is not required on the label.
  • 1910.1200(f)(6) - Workplace labeling. Except as provided in paragraphs (f)(7) and (f)(8) of this section, the employer shall ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with either: [Reference paragraph (f)(6)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1200(f)(7) - The employer may use signs, placards, process sheets, batch tickets, operating procedures, or other such written materials in lieu of affixing labels to individual stationary process containers, as long as the alternative method identifies the containers to which it is applicable and conveys the information required by paragraph (f)(6) of this section to be on a label. The employer shall ensure the written materials are readily accessible to the employees in their work area throughout each work shift.
  • 1910.1200(f)(8) - The employer is not required to label portable containers into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from labeled containers, and which are intended only for the immediate use of the employee who performs the transfer. For purposes of this section, drugs which are dispensed by a pharmacy to a health care provider for direct administration to a patient are exempted from labeling.
  • 1910.1200(f)(9) - The employer shall not remove or deface existing labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals, unless the container is immediately marked with the required information.
  • 1910.1200(f)(10) - The employer shall ensure that workplace labels or other forms of warning are legible, in English, and prominently displayed on the container, or readily available in the work area throughout each work shift. Employers having employees who speak other languages may add the information in their language to the material presented, as long as the information is presented in English as well.
  • 1910.1200(f)(11)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, or employers who become newly aware of any significant information regarding the hazards of a chemical shall revise the labels for the chemical within six months of becoming aware of the new information and shall ensure that labels on containers of hazardous chemicals shipped after that time contain the new information. For chemicals that have been released for shipment and are awaiting future distribution, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, or employers have the option not to relabel those containers; however, if they do not relabel the containers, they must provide the updated label for each individual container with each shipment.
  • 1910.1200(f)(11)(ii) - If the chemical is not currently produced or imported, the chemical manufacturer, importer, distributor, or employer shall add the information to the label before the chemical is shipped or introduced into the workplace again.
  • 1910.1200(f)(12) - Small container labelling. [Reference paragraph (f)(12)(i) - (iv)].

1910.1200(g) - Safety data sheets. [Reference paragraph (g)(1) - (11)]. 

1910.1200(h) - Employee information and training.

  • 1910.1200(h)(1) - Employers shall provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of their initial assignment, and whenever a new chemical hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is introduced into their work area. Information and training may be designed to cover categories of hazards (e.g., flammability, carcinogenicity) or specific chemicals. Chemical-specific information must always be available through labels and safety data sheets.
  • 1910.1200(h)(2) - Information. Employees shall be informed of: [Reference paragraph (h)(2)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1200(h)(3) - Training. Employee training shall include at least: [Reference paragraph (h)(3)(i) - (iv)]. 

1910.1200(i)(1) - Trade secrets - The chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer may withhold the specific chemical identity, including the chemical name, other specific identification of a hazardous chemical, and/or the exact percentage (concentration) or concentration range of the substance in a mixture, from section 3 of the safety data sheet, provided that: [Reference paragraph (i)(1) - (13)]. 

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for the retention of DOT markings, placards and labels. 

Special Requirements: Markings, labels, placards, marked, placarded, labeled, references other standards

1910.1201(a) - Any employer who receives a package of hazardous material which is required to be marked, labeled or placarded in accordance with the U. S. Department of Transportation's Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR Parts 171 through 180) shall retain those markings, labels and placards on the package until the packaging is sufficiently cleaned of residue and purged of vapors to remove any potential hazards.

  • 1910.1201(b) - Any employer who receives a freight container, rail freight car, motor vehicle, or transport vehicle that is required to be marked or placarded in accordance with the Hazardous Materials Regulations shall retain those markings and placards on the freight container, rail freight car, motor vehicle or transport vehicle until the hazardous materials which require the marking or placarding are sufficiently removed to prevent any potential hazards.

1910.1201(c) - Markings, placards and labels shall be maintained in a manner that ensures that they are readily visible.

1910.1201(d) - For non-bulk packages which will not be reshipped, the provisions of this section are met if a label or other acceptable marking is affixed in accordance with the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).

1910.1201(e) - For the purposes of this section, the term "hazardous material" and any other terms not defined in this section have the same definition as in the Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR Parts 171 through 180).

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories.

Special Requirements: Medical surveillance, records, medical consultation, measures, informed, determined by employer, evaluate, chemical hygiene plan (written), plan review, chemical hygiene officer, PPE (i.e., respiratory protection), engineering controls, hygiene practices, employee notification, results (in writing), exposure, action level, information, physician, training, exposure monitoring, permissible exposure level (PEL), chemical hygiene committee, written opinion, procedures, labels, safety data sheets, designation, methods, references other standards

Laboratory means a facility where the "laboratory use of hazardous chemicals" occurs. It is a workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a non-production basis.

Laboratory scale means work with substances in which the containers used for reactions, transfers, and other handling of substances are designed to be easily and safely manipulated by one person. "Laboratory scale" excludes those workplaces whose function is to produce commercial quantities of materials.

1910.1450(a)(2) - Where this section applies, it shall supersede, for laboratories, the requirements of all other OSHA health standards in 29 CFR part 1910, subpart Z  - toxic and hazardous substances, except as follows: [Reference paragraph (a)(2)(i) - (iii)].

1910.1450(c) - Permissible exposure limits. For laboratory uses of OSHA regulated substances, the employer shall assure that laboratory employees' exposures to such substances do not exceed the permissible exposure limits specified in 29 CFR part 1910, subpart Z  - toxic and hazardous substances.

1910.1450(d)(1) - Initial monitoring. The employer shall measure the employee's exposure to any substance regulated by a standard which requires monitoring if there is reason to believe that exposure levels for that substance routinely exceed the action level (or in the absence of an action level, the PEL).

1910.1450(d)(2) - Periodic monitoring. If the initial monitoring prescribed by paragraph (d)(1) of this section discloses employee exposure over the action level (or in the absence of an action level, the PEL), the employer shall immediately comply with the exposure monitoring provisions of the relevant standard.

1910.1450(d)(3) - Termination of monitoring. Monitoring may be terminated in accordance with the relevant standard.

1910.1450(d)(4) - Employee notification of monitoring results. The employer shall, within 15 working days after the receipt of any monitoring results, notify the employee of these results in writing either individually or by posting results in an appropriate location that is accessible to employees.

1910.1450(e) - Chemical hygiene plan - General. (Appendix A of this section is non-mandatory but provides guidance to assist employers in the development of the Chemical Hygiene Plan).

  • 1910.1450(e)(1) - Where hazardous chemicals as defined by this standard are used in the workplace, the employer shall develop and carry out the provisions of a written Chemical Hygiene Plan which is: [Reference paragraph (e)(1)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1910.1450(e)(2) - The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall be readily available to employees, employee representatives and, upon request, to the Assistant Secretary.
  • 1910.1450(e)(3) - The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall include each of the following elements and shall indicate specific measures that the employer will take to ensure laboratory employee protection; [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(i) - (viii)].
  • 1910.1450(e)(4) - The employer shall review and evaluate the effectiveness of the Chemical Hygiene Plan at least annually and update it as necessary.

1910.1450(f) - Employee information and training.

  • 1910.1450(f)(1) - The employer shall provide employees with information and training to ensure that they are apprised of the hazards of chemicals present in their work area.
  • 1910.1450(f)(2) - Such information shall be provided at the time of an employee's initial assignment to a work area where hazardous chemicals are present and prior to assignments involving new exposure situations. The frequency of refresher information and training shall be determined by the employer.
  • 1910.1450(f)(3) - Information. Employees shall be informed of: [Reference paragraph (f)(3)(i) - (v)].
  • 1910.1450(f)(4)(i) - Employee training shall include: [Reference paragraph (f)(4)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1450(g) - Medical consultation and medical examinations.

  • 1910.1450(g)(1) - The employer shall provide all employees who work with hazardous chemicals an opportunity to receive medical attention, including any follow-up examinations which the examining physician determines to be necessary, under the following circumstances: [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1450(g)(2) - All medical examinations and consultations shall be performed by or under the direct supervision of a licensed physician and shall be provided without cost to the employee, without loss of pay and at a reasonable time and place.
  • 1910.1450(g)(3) - Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide the following information to the physician: [Reference paragraph (g)(3)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1910.1450(g)(4)(i) - For examination or consultation required under this standard, the employer shall obtain a written opinion from the examining physician which shall include the following: [Reference paragraph (g)(4)(i) - (ii)].

1910.1450(h) - Hazard identification.

1910.1450(i) - Use of respirators. Where the use of respirators is necessary to maintain exposure below permissible exposure limits, the employer shall provide, at no cost to the employee, the proper respiratory equipment. Respirators shall be selected and used in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.134 - respiratory protection.

1910.1450(j)(1) - The employer shall establish and maintain for each employee an accurate record of any measurements taken to monitor employee exposures and any medical consultation and examinations including tests or written opinions required by this standard.

1910.1450(j)(2) - The employer shall assure that such records are kept, transferred, and made available in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20 (1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records).