Subpart Z - Toxic and Hazardous Substances

Subpart Z provides requirements relating to employee exposures to air contaminants and the following health hazards: asbestos, coal tar pitch volatiles, 13 carcinogens (e.g., 4-Nitrobiphenyl, alpha-Naphthylamine, chloromethyl ether, 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts), bis-Chloromethyl ether, beta-Naphthylamine, Benzidine, 4-Aminodiphenyl, Ethyleneimine, beta-Propiolactone, 2-Acetylaminofluorene, 4-Dimethylaminoazo-benzene, and N-Nitrosodimethylamine), vinyl chloride, inorganic arsenic, beryllium, chromium (VI), cadmium, benzene, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, respirable crystalline silica, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, and methylene chloride. 

To learn if subpart Z applies to you, go to Does "Subpart Z - Toxic and Hazardous Substances" Apply to You?

Special Requirements

Tab/Accordion Items

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to asbestos.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limits, excursion limit, duties, supervised, regulated areas, competent person, respirators, inform, authorized person, measures, measurements, demarcation, signs, posted, labels, training, training program, accreditation plan, smoking cessation program, copy, housekeeping, medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, examinations, physician, description, written opinion, statement, recommendations, recordkeeping, records, data, barriers, exposure assessments, exposure monitoring, determinations, air samples, TWA, data, control methods, work practices, results, employee notification, observation, affected employees, notify, posting, in writing, methods of compliance, engineering controls, alternative methods, respiratory protection program, protective clothing, inspection, hygiene facilities (i.e., decontamination, showers), wet methods, procedures, job classifications, safety data sheets, hazard communication, hazard communication program, duties, convey information, determine, demonstrate, tests, notification records (written), industrial hygienist, employee participation, building owners, systems, health and safety prevention programs, references other standards

1926.1101(a) - Scope and application. This section regulates asbestos exposure in all work as defined in 29 CFR 1910.12(b) - construction work, including but not limited to the following: [Reference paragraph (a)(1) - (8)].

1926.1101(d) - Multi-employer worksites. [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (5)].

  • 1926.1101(d)(1) - On multi-employer worksites, an employer performing work requiring the establishment of a regulated area shall inform other employers on the site of the nature of the employer's work with asbestos and/or PACM, of the existence of and requirements pertaining to regulated areas, and the measures taken to ensure that employees of such other employers are not exposed to asbestos.

1926.1101(e) - Regulated areas. [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (6)].

  • 1926.1101(e)(2) - Demarcation. The regulated area shall be demarcated in any manner that minimizes the number of persons within the area and protects persons outside the area from exposure to airborne asbestos. Where critical barriers or negative pressure enclosures are used, they may demarcate the regulated area. Signs shall be provided and displayed pursuant to the requirements of paragraph (k)(7) of this section.
  • 1926.1101(e)(3) - Access. Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons and to persons authorized by the Act or regulations issued pursuant thereto.
  • 1926.1101(e)(4) - Respirators. All persons entering a regulated area where employees are required pursuant to paragraph (h)(1) of this section to wear respirators shall be supplied with a respirator selected in accordance with paragraph (h)(3) of this section.
  • 1926.1101(e)(6) - Competent Persons. The employer shall ensure that all asbestos work performed within regulated areas is supervised by a competent person, as defined in paragraph (b) of this section. The duties of the competent person are set out in paragraph (o) of this section.

1926.1101(f) - Exposure assessments and monitoring.

1926.1101(g) - Methods of compliance.

  • 1926.1101(g)(1) - Engineering controls and work practices for all operations covered by this section. The employer shall use the following engineering controls and work practices in all operations covered by this section, regardless of the levels of exposure: [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1926.1101(g)(2) - In addition to the requirements of paragraph (g)(1) of this section, the employer shall use the following control methods to achieve compliance with the TWA permissible exposure limit and excursion limit prescribed by paragraph (c) of this section; [Reference paragraph (g)(2)(i) - (v)].
  • 1926.1101(g)(3) - Prohibitions. The following work practices and engineering controls shall not be used for work related to asbestos or for work which disturbs ACM or PACM, regardless of measured levels of asbestos exposure or the results of initial exposure assessments: [Reference paragraph (g)(3)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1926.1101(g)(4) - Class I Requirements. In addition to the provisions of paragraphs (g)(1) and (2) of this section, the following engineering controls and work practices and procedures shall be used. [Reference paragraph (g)(4)(i) - (vi)]
  • 1926.1101(g)(5) - Specific control methods for Class I work. In addition, Class I asbestos work shall be performed using one or more of the following control methods pursuant to the limitations stated below: [Reference paragraph (g)(5)(i) - (vi)]
  • 1926.1101(g)(6) - Alternative control methods for Class I work. Class I work may be performed using a control method which is not referenced in paragraph (g)(5) of this section, or which modifies a control method referenced in paragraph (g)(5) of this section, if the following provisions are complied with: [Reference paragraph (g)(6)(i) - (ii)]
  • 1926.1101(g)(7) - Work practices and engineering controls for Class II work. [Reference paragraph (g)(7)(i) - (iv)]
  • 1926.1101(g)(8) - Additional Controls for Class II work. Class II asbestos work shall also be performed by complying with the work practices and controls designated for each type of asbestos work to be performed, set out in this paragraph. Where more than one control method may be used for a type of asbestos work, the employer may choose one or a combination of designated control methods. Class II work also may be performed using a method allowed for Class I work, except that glove bags and glove boxes are allowed if they fully enclose the Class II material to be removed. [Reference paragraph (g)(8)(i) - (vi)]
  • 1926.1101(g)(9) - Work Practices and Engineering Controls for Class III asbestos work. Class III asbestos work shall be conducted using engineering and work practice controls which minimize the exposure to employees performing the asbestos work and to bystander employees. [Reference paragraph (g)(9)(i) - (v)]
  • 1926.1101(g)(10) - Class IV asbestos work. Class IV asbestos jobs shall be conducted by employees trained pursuant to the asbestos awareness training program set out in paragraph (k)(9) of this section. In addition, all Class IV jobs shall be conducted in conformity with the requirements set out in paragraph (g)(1) of this section, mandating wet methods, HEPA vacuums, and prompt clean up of debris containing ACM or PACM. [Reference paragraph (g)(10)(i) - (ii)]
  • 1926.1101(g)(11) - Alternative methods of compliance for installation, removal, repair, and maintenance of certain roofing and pipeline coating materials. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an employer who complies with all provisions of this paragraph (g)(11) when installing, removing, repairing, or maintaining intact pipeline asphaltic wrap, or roof flashings which contain asbestos fibers encapsulated or coated by bituminous or resinous compounds shall be deemed to be in compliance with this section. If an employer does not comply with all provisions of this paragraph (g)(11) or if during the course of the job the material does not remain intact, the provisions of paragraph (g)(8) of this section apply instead of this paragraph (g)(11). [Reference paragraph (g)(11)(i) - (vi)]

1926.1101(h) - Respiratory protection.

1926.1101(i) - Protective clothing.

  • 1926.1101(i)(1) - General. The employer shall provide or require the use of protective clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole-body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any employee exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos that exceed the TWA and/or excursion limit prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, or for which a required negative exposure assessment is not produced, or for any employee performing Class I operations which involve the removal of over 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI or surfacing ACM and PACM.
  • 1926.1101(i)(2) - Laundering. [Reference paragraph (i)(2)(i) - (ii)]
  • 1926.1101(i)(3) - Contaminated clothing. Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and be labeled in accordance with paragraph (k) of this section.
  • 1926.1101(i)(4) - Inspection of protective clothing. [Reference paragraph (i)(4)(i) - (ii)]

1926.1101(j) - Hygiene facilities and practices for employees. [Reference paragraph (j)(1) - (4)]

  • 1926.1101(j)(1)(i)(B) - Shower area. Shower facilities shall be provided which comply with 29 CFR 1910.141(d)(3) - sanitation, unless the employer can demonstrate that they are not feasible. The showers shall be adjacent both to the equipment room and the clean room, unless the employer can demonstrate that this location is not feasible. Where the employer can demonstrate that it is not feasible to locate the shower between the equipment room and the clean room, or where the work is performed outdoors, the employers shall ensure that employees:  [Reference paragraph (j)(1)(i)(B) - (C)]
  • 1926.1101(j)(1)(ii) - Decontamination area entry procedures. The employer shall ensure that employees: [Reference paragraph (j)(1)(ii)(A) - (D)]
  • 1926.1101(j)(1)(iii) - Decontamination area exit procedures. The employer shall ensure that: [Reference paragraph (j)(1)(iii)(A) - (E)]

1926.1101(k) - Communication of hazards. 

  • 1926.1101(k)(1) - Hazard communication. [Reference paragraph (k)(1)(i) - (ii)]
    • 1926.1101(k)(1)(ii) - The employer shall include asbestos in the program established to comply with the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200). The employer shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of asbestos and safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the provisions of HCS and paragraphs (k)(9) and (10) of this section. The employer shall provide information on at least the following hazards: Cancer and lung effects.
  • 1926.1101(k)(2) - Duties of building and facility owners. [Reference paragraph (k)(2)(i) - (ii)]
  • 1926.1101(k)(3) - Duties of employers whose employees perform work subject to this standard in or adjacent to areas containing ACM and PACM. Building/facility owners whose employees perform such work shall comply with these provisions to the extent applicable. [Reference paragraph (k)(3)(i) - (iii)]
  • 1926.1101(k)(4) - In addition to the above requirements, all employers who discover ACM and/or PACM on a worksite shall convey information concerning the presence, location and quantity of such newly discovered ACM and/or PACM to the owner and to other employers of employees working at the work site, within 24 hours of the discovery.
  • 1926.1101(k)(5) - Criteria to rebut the designation of installed material as PACM. [Reference paragraph (k)(5)(i) - (iii)]
  • 1926.1101(k)(6) - At the entrance to mechanical rooms/areas in which employees reasonably can be expected to enter and which contain ACM and/or PACM, the building owner shall post signs which identify the material which is present, its location, and appropriate work practices which, if followed, will ensure that ACM and/or PACM will not be disturbed. The employer shall ensure, to the extent feasible, that employees who come in contact with these signs can comprehend them. Means to ensure employee comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, pictographs, graphics, and awareness training.
  • 1926.1101(k)(7) - Signs.  [Reference paragraph (k)(7)(i) - (iii)]
    • 1926.1101(k)(7)(i) - Warning signs that demarcate the regulated area shall be provided and displayed at each location where a regulated area is required to be established by paragraph (e) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area marked by the signs.
  • 1926.1101(k)(8) - Labels. [Reference paragraph (k)(8)(i) - (vii)]
  • 1926.1101(k)(9) -  Employee Information and Training. [Reference paragraph (k)(9)(i) - (viii)]
    • 1926.1101(k)(9)(i) - The employer shall train each employee who is likely to be exposed in excess of a PEL, and each employee who performs Class I through IV asbestos operations, in accordance with the requirements of this section. Such training shall be conducted at no cost to the employee. The employer shall institute a training program and ensure employee participation in the program.
  • 1926.1101(k)(10) - Access to training materials. [Reference paragraph (k)(10)(i) - (iii)]

1926.1101(l) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (l)(1) - (4)]  

1926.1101(m) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (m)(1)(i)(A) - (B)]  

  • 1926.1101(m)(1)(i)(A) - The employer shall institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who for a combined total of 30 or more days per year are engaged in Class I, II and III work or are exposed at or above a permissible exposure limit. For purposes of this paragraph, any day in which a worker engages in Class II or Class III operations or a combination thereof on intact material for one hour or less (taking into account the entire time spent on the removal operation, including cleanup) and, while doing so, adheres fully to the work practices specified in this standard, shall not be counted.
  • 1926.1101(m)(1)(ii) - Examination. [Reference paragraph (m)(1)(ii)(A) - (B)]  
  • 1926.1101(m)(2) - Medical examinations and consultations. [Reference paragraph (m)(2)(i) - (ii)]  
  • 1926.1101(m)(3) - Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician: [Reference paragraph (m)(3)(i) - (v)]  
  • 1926.1101(m)(4) - Physician's written opinion. [Reference paragraph (m)(4)(i) - (iii)]  

1926.1101(n) - Recordkeeping.

  • 1926.1101(n)(1) - Objective data relied on pursuant to paragraph (f) to this section. [Reference paragraph (n)(1)(i) - (iii)]  
  • 1926.1101(n)(2) - Exposure measurements. [Reference paragraph (n)(2)(i) - (iii)]  
  • 1926.1101(n)(3) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (n)(3)(i) - (iii)]  
  • 1926.1101(n)(4) - Training records. The employer shall maintain all employee training records for one (1) year beyond the last date of employment by that employer.
  • 1926.1101(n)(5) - Data to Rebut PACM. Where the building owner and employer have relied on data to demonstrate that PACM is not asbestos-containing, such data shall be maintained for as long as they are relied upon to rebut the presumption.
  • 1926.1101(n)(6) - Records of required notifications. Where the building owner has communicated and received information concerning the identification, location and quantity of ACM and PACM, written records of such notifications and their content shall be maintained by the building owner for the duration of ownership and shall be transferred to successive owners of such buildings/facilities.
  • 1926.1101(n)(7) - Availability. Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (n)(7)(i) - (ii)]  
    • 1926.1101(n)(7)(ii) - The employer must comply with the requirements concerning availability of records set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
  • 1926.1101(n)(8) - Transfer of records. The employer must comply with the requirements concerning transfer of records set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1020(h) - access to employee exposure and medical records.

1926.1101(o) - Competent person.

  • 1926.1101(o)(1) - General. On all construction worksites covered by this standard, the employer shall designate a competent person, having the qualifications and authorities for ensuring worker safety and health required by subpart C, General Safety and Health Provisions for Construction (29 CFR 1926.20 through 1926.32).
  • 1926.1101(o)(2) - Required inspections by the competent person. Section 1926.20(b)(2) which requires health and safety prevention programs to provide for frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, materials, and equipment to be made by competent persons, is incorporated.
  • 1926.1101(o)(3) - Additional inspections. In addition, the competent person shall make frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, in order to perform the duties set out below in paragraph (o)(3)(i) of this section. For Class I jobs, on-site inspections shall be made at least once during each work shift, and at any time at employee request. For Class II, III, and IV jobs, on-site inspections shall be made at intervals sufficient to assess whether conditions have changed, and at any reasonable time at employee request. [Reference paragraph (o)(3)(i) - (ii)]  
  • 1926.1101(o)(4) - Training for the competent person. [Reference paragraph (o)(4)(i) - (ii)]   

1926.1101(p)(1) - Appendices A - OSHA Reference Method, D - Medical Questionnaire, and E - classification of chest x-rays, to this section are incorporated as part of this section and the contents of these appendices are mandatory.

Scope: This standard provides the interpretation of term coal tar pitch volatiles. See 1910.1002 - coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term.

Special Requirements: References other standards

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1002 - coal tar pitch volatiles; interpretation of term, of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for 13 carcinogens. 

Special Requirements: References other standards (See 1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens) 

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at § 1910.1003 - 13 carcinogens, of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for alpha-Naphthylamine. 

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for methyl chloromethyl ether.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for 3,'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts).

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for bis-chloromethyl ether.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for beta-Naphthylamine.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for benzidine.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for 4-aminodiphenyl.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for ethyleneimine.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for beta-propiolactone.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for 2-acetylaminofluorene.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for n-nitrosodimethylamine.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 13 Carcinogens)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1003 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to vinyl chloride.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 1910.1017 - vinyl chloride.)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1017 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to inorganic arsenic.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 1926.1118 - inorganic arsenic)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1018 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to beryllium.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, time-weighted average, short-term exposure limit, exposure assessment, scheduled monitoring option, perform, assess, job classification, methods, employee notification, assessment results, corrective action (written notification), observation of monitoring, exposure monitoring, competent person, inspections, exposure control plan (written), respiratory protection, personal protective clothing and equipment, methods of compliance, engineering controls, respiratory protection program, housekeeping, medical surveillance, physician, determine, advise, examination, medical surveillance program, information, description, written medical report, statement, work practices, list, procedures, evaluate, notify, train, qualified, hazard communication, hazard communication program, labels, safety data sheets, information, records, recordkeeping, safety and health procedures, data, designate, chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, references other standards

1926.1124(c) - Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs). [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (2)].

1926.1124(d) - Exposure assessment. [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (7)].

  • 1926.1124(d)(2) - Performance option. The employer must assess the 8-hour TWA exposure and the 15-minute short-term exposure for each employee on the basis of any combination of air monitoring data and objective data sufficient to accurately characterize airborne exposure to beryllium.
  • 1926.1124(d)(3) - Scheduled monitoring option. [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i) - (viii)].
  • 1926.1124(d)(4) - Reassessment of exposure. The employer must reassess airborne exposure whenever a change in the production, process, control equipment, personnel, or work practices may reasonably be expected to result in new or additional airborne exposure at or above the action level or STEL, or when the employer has any reason to believe that new or additional airborne exposure at or above the action level or STEL has occurred.
  • 1926.1124(d)(5) - Methods of sample analysis. The employer must ensure that all air monitoring samples used to satisfy the monitoring requirements of paragraph (d) of this standard are evaluated by a laboratory that can measure beryllium to an accuracy of plus or minus 25 percent within a statistical confidence level of 95 percent for airborne concentrations at or above the action level.
  • 1926.1124(d)(6) - Employee notification of assessment results. [Reference paragraph (d)(6)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1926.1124(d)(7) - Observation of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(7)(i) - (iii)].

1926.1124(e) - Competent person. Wherever employees are, or can reasonably be expected to be, exposed to airborne beryllium at levels above the TWA PEL or STEL, the employer must designate a competent person to: [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (4)].

  • 1926.1124(e)(1) - Make frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment;

1926.1124(f) - Methods of compliance. [Reference paragraph (f)(1) - (3)].

  • 1926.1124(f)(1) - Written exposure control plan.
    • 1926.1124(f)(1)(i) - The employer must establish, implement, and maintain a written exposure control plan, which must contain: [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i)(A) - (F)].
    • 1926.1124(f)(1)(ii) - The employer must review and evaluate the effectiveness of each written exposure control plan at least annually and update it, as necessary, when: [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(A) - (C)].
    • 1926.1124(f)(1)(iii) - The employer must make a copy of the written exposure control plan accessible to each employee who is, or can reasonably be expected to be, exposed to airborne beryllium in accordance with OSHA's Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records (Records Access) standard [29 CFR 1910.1020(e)].
  • 1926.1124(f)(2) - Engineering and work practice controls. The employer must use engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee airborne exposure to beryllium to or below the TWA PEL and STEL, unless the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible. Wherever the employer demonstrates that it is not feasible to reduce airborne exposure to or below the PELs with engineering and work practice controls, the employer must implement and maintain engineering and work practice controls to reduce airborne exposure to the lowest levels feasible and supplement these controls by using respiratory protection in accordance with paragraph (g) of this standard.

1926.1124(g) - Respiratory protection. [Reference paragraph (g)(1) - (3)].

  • 1926.1124(g)(2) - Respiratory protection program. Where this standard requires an employer to provide respiratory protection, the selection and use of such respiratory protection must be in accordance with the Respiratory Protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134).

1926.1124(h) - Personal protective clothing and equipment.

  • 1926.1124(h)(1) - Provision and use. Where airborne exposure exceeds, or can reasonably be expected to exceed, the TWA PEL or STEL, the employer must provide at no cost, and ensure that each employee uses, appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment in accordance with the written exposure control plan required under paragraph (f)(1) of this standard and OSHA’s Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment standards for construction (Subpart E of this part).
  • 1926.1124(h)(2) - Removal of personal protective clothing and equipment. [Reference paragraph (h)(2)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1926.1124(h)(3) - Cleaning and replacement. [Reference paragraph (h)(3)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1124(j) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (j)(1) - (5)].

1926.1124(k) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (k)(1) - (7)].

1926.1124(l) - Medical removal. [Reference paragraph (l)(1) - (4)].

1926.1124(m) - Communication of hazards. [Reference paragraph (m)(1) - (2)].

  • 1926.1124(m)(1)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, and employers must comply with all requirements of the HCS (29 CFR 1910.1200) for beryllium.
  • 1926.1124(m)(1)(ii) - Employers must include beryllium in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS. Employers must ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of beryllium and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of the HCS (29 CFR 1910.1200) and paragraph (m)(4) of this standard.

1926.1124(n) - Recordkeeping.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to chromium (VI) exposures.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, exposure determination, scheduled monitoring, time-weighted average, monitoring, job classification, sampling, employee notification, results, methods, measurements, observation, regulated areas, demarcation, methods of compliance, engineering controls, work practice controls, demonstrate, respiratory protection, respiratory protection program, PPE, labels, hazard communication, hazard communication program, hygiene areas and practices (i.e., washing facilities, change rooms), housekeeping, medical surveillance, description, information, physician, written medical opinion, affected employees, records, safety data sheets, data, training, testing protocol, distributors, examinations, reference other standards

1926.1126(c) - Permissible exposure limit (PEL). The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of chromium (VI) in excess of 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air (5 µgm/m3), calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA).

1926.1126(d) - Exposure determination. [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (6)].

  • 1926.1126(d)(2) - Scheduled monitoring option. [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (vi)].
  • 1926.1126(d)(3) - Performance-oriented option. The employer shall determine the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee on the basis of any combination of air monitoring data, historical monitoring data, or objective data sufficient to accurately characterize employee exposure to chromium (VI).
  • 1926.1126(d)(4) - Employee notification of determination results. [Reference paragraph (d)(4)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1926.1126(d)(5) - Accuracy of measurement. Where air monitoring is performed to comply with the requirements of this section, the employer shall use a method of monitoring and analysis that can measure chromium (VI) to within an accuracy of plus or minus 25 percent (±25%) and can produce accurate measurements to within a statistical confidence level of 95 percent for airborne concentrations at or above the action level.
  • 1926.1126(d)(6) - Observation of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(6)(i) - (ii)].
    • 1926.1126(d)(6)(ii) - When observation of monitoring requires entry into an area where the use of protective clothing or equipment is required, the employer shall provide the observer with clothing and equipment and shall assure that the observer uses such clothing and equipment and complies with all other applicable safety and health procedures.

1926.1126(e) - Methods of compliance.

1926.1126(f) - Respiratory protection.

  • 1926.1126(f)(1) - General. Where respiratory protection is required by this section, the employer must provide each employee an appropriate respirator that complies with the requirements of this paragraph. Respiratory protection is required during: [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i)- (v)].
  • 1926.1126(f)(2) - Respiratory protection program. Where respirator use is required by this section, the employer shall institute a respiratory protection program in accordance with § 1910.134, which covers each employee required to use a respirator.

1926.1126(g) - Protective work clothing and equipment.

  • 1926.1126(g)(1) - Provision and use. Where a hazard is present or is likely to be present from skin or eye contact with chromium (VI), the employer shall provide appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment at no cost to employees, and shall ensure that employees use such clothing and equipment.
  • 1926.1126(g)(2) - Removal and storage. [Reference paragraph (g)(2)(i) - (iv)].
    • 1926.1126(g)(2)(iv) - The employer shall ensure that bags or containers of contaminated protective clothing or equipment that are removed from change rooms for laundering, cleaning, maintenance, or disposal shall be labeled in accordance with the requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard, § 1910.1200.
  • 1926.1126(g)(3) - Cleaning and replacement. [Reference paragraph (g)(3)(i) - (iii)].
    • 1926.1126(g)(3)(iii) - The employer shall inform any person who launders or cleans protective clothing or equipment contaminated with chromium (VI) of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to chromium (VI) and that the clothing and equipment should be laundered or cleaned in a manner that minimizes skin or eye contact with chromium (VI) and effectively prevents the release of airborne chromium (VI) in excess of the PEL.

1926.1126(h) - Hygiene areas and practices. [Reference paragraph (h)(1) - (5)].

  • 1926.1126(h)(1) - General. Where protective clothing and equipment is required, the employer shall provide change rooms in conformance with 29 CFR 1926.51 - sanitation. Where skin contact with chromium (VI) occurs, the employer shall provide washing facilities in conformance with 29 CFR 1926.51 - sanitation. Eating and drinking areas provided by the employer shall also be in conformance with 29 CFR 1926.51 - sanitation.

1926.1126(i) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (i)(1) - (5)].

1926.1126(j) - Communication of chromium (VI) hazards to employees.

  • 1926.1126(j)(1) - Hazard communication. The employer shall include chromium (VI) in the program established to comply with the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200). The employer shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of chromium and safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the provisions of § 1910.1200 and paragraph (j)(2) of this section. The employer shall provide information on at least the following hazards: Cancer; eye irritation; and skin sensitization.
  • 1926.1126(j)(2) - Employee information and training. [Reference paragraph (j)(2)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1126(k) - Recordkeeping.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to cadmium.

Special Requirements: Permissible exposure limit, exposure monitoring, determine, communication, reporting, hazard communication, hazard communication program, warning signs, labels, training, training program, data, post, competent person, records, reports, plans, action level, employee notification, notify, monitoring results, regulated areas, demarcation, authorized person, respirators, methods of compliance, safety data sheets, engineering controls, work practice controls, methods, measurements, procedures, compliance program (written), respirator program, examination, emergency situation (written), protective clothing and equipment, PPE, hygiene areas and practices (i.e., change rooms, showers), housekeeping, medical surveillance, medical surveillance program, physician, reassess, assess, records, recordkeeping, information, observation, written consent, safety and health procedures, description, affected employee, copy of standard, written medical opinion, medical removal protection benefits, references other standards

1926.1127(c) - Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of cadmium in excess of five micrograms per cubic meter of air (5 µg/m3), calculated as an eight-hour time-weighted average exposure (TWA).

1926.1127(d) - Exposure Monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (6)].

  • 1926.1127(d)(2) - Specific.(Initial monitoring). [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1926.1127(d)(3) - Monitoring frequency (periodic monitoring). [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1926.1127(d)(4) - Additional monitoring. The employer also shall institute the exposure monitoring required under paragraphs (d)(2)(i) and (d)(3) of this section whenever there has been a change in the raw materials, equipment, personnel, work practices, or finished products that may result in additional employees being exposed to cadmium at or above the action level or in employees already exposed to cadmium at or above the action level being exposed above the PEL, or whenever the employer or competent person has any reason to suspect that any other change might result in such further exposure.
  • 1926.1127(d)(5) - Employee notification of monitoring results. [Reference paragraph (d)(5)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1926.1127(d)(6) - Accuracy of measurement. The employer shall use a method of monitoring and analysis that has an accuracy of not less than plus or minus 25 percent (±25%), with a confidence level of 95 percent, for airborne concentrations of cadmium at or above the action level and the permissible exposure limit.

1926.1127(e) - Regulated areas. [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (5)].

  • 1926.1127(e)(2) - Demarcation. Regulated areas shall be demarcated from the rest of the workplace in any manner that adequately establishes and alerts employees of the boundaries of the regulated area, including employees who are or may be incidentally in the regulated areas, and that protects persons outside the area from exposure to airborne concentrations of cadmium in excess of the PEL.
  • 1926.1127(e)(3) - Access. Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons.

1926.1127(f) - Methods of compliance. [Reference paragraph (f)(1) - (5)].

  • 1926.1127(f)(1) - Compliance hierarchy. [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (iv)].
    • 1926.1127(f)(1)(i) - Except as specified in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section, the employer shall implement engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure to cadmium at or below the PEL, except to the extent that the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible.
    • 1926.1127(f)(1)(ii) - The requirement to implement engineering controls to achieve the PEL does not apply where the employer demonstrates the following: [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(A) - (B)].
  • 1926.1127(f)(2) - Specific operations. [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(i) - (ii)].
    • 1926.1127(f)(2)(ii) - Heating cadmium and cadmium-containing materials. Welding, cutting, and other forms of heating of cadmium or cadmium-containing materials shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.353 - ventilation and protection in welding, cutting, and heating, and 29 CFR 1926.354 - welding, cutting, and heating in way of preservative coatings, where applicable.
  • 1926.1127(f)(3) - Prohibitions. [Reference paragraph (f)(3)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1926.1127(f)(4) - Mechanical ventilation. [Reference paragraph (f)(4)(i) - (iv)].
    • 1926.1127(f)(4)(iv) - Procedures shall be developed and implemented to minimize employee exposure to cadmium when maintenance of ventilation systems and changing of filters is being conducted.
  • 1926.1127(f)(5) - Compliance program. [Reference paragraph (f)(5)(i) - (iv)].
    • 1926.1127(f)(5)(i) - Where employee exposure to cadmium exceeds the PEL and the employer is required under paragraph (f)(1) of this section to implement controls to comply with the PEL, prior to the commencement of the job the employer shall establish and implement a written compliance program to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL. To the extent that engineering and work practice controls cannot reduce exposures to or below the PEL, the employer shall include in the written compliance program the use of appropriate respiratory protection to achieve compliance with the PEL.
    • 1926.1127(f)(5)(ii) - Written compliance programs shall be reviewed and updated as often and as promptly as necessary to reflect significant changes in the employer's compliance status or significant changes in the lowest air cadmium level that is technologically feasible.
    • 1926.1127(f)(5)(iii) - A competent person shall review the comprehensive compliance program initially and after each change.

1926.1127(g) - Respirator protection.

1926.1127(h) - Emergency situations. The employer shall develop and implement a written plan for dealing with emergency situations involving substantial releases of airborne cadmium. The plan shall include provisions for the use of appropriate respirators and personal protective equipment. In addition, employees not essential to correcting the emergency situation shall be restricted from the area and normal operations halted in that area until the emergency is abated.

1926.1127(i) - Protective work clothing and equipment. [Reference paragraph (i)(1) - (3)].

  • 1926.1127(i)(1) - Provision and use. If an employee is exposed to airborne cadmium above the PEL or where skin or eye irritation is associated with cadmium exposure at any level, the employer shall provide at no cost to the employee, and assure that the employee uses, appropriate protective work clothing and equipment that prevents contamination of the employee and the employee's garments. Protective work clothing and equipment includes, but is not limited to: [Reference paragraph (i)(1)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1926.1127(i)(2) - Removal and storage. [Reference paragraph (i)(2)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1926.1127(i)(3) - Cleaning, replacement, and disposal. [Reference paragraph (i)(3)(i) - (v)].
    • 1926.1127(i)(3)(v) - The employer shall inform any person who launders or cleans protective clothing or equipment contaminated with cadmium of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to cadmium, and that the clothing and equipment should be laundered or cleaned in a manner to effectively prevent the release of airborne cadmium in excess of the PEL.

1926.1127(j) - Hygiene areas and practices. [Reference paragraph (j)(1) - (4)].

  • 1926.1127(j)(1) - General. For employees whose airborne exposure to cadmium is above the PEL, the employer shall provide clean change rooms, handwashing facilities, showers, and lunchroom facilities that comply with 29 CFR 1926.51 - sanitation.

1926.1127(k) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (k)(1) - (7)].

1926.1127(l) - Medical Surveillance. [Reference paragraph (l)(1) - (16)].

1926.1127(m) - Communication of cadmium hazards to employees.

  • 1926.1127(m)(1) - Hazard communication. The employer shall include cadmium in the program established to comply with the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§1910.1200). The employer shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of cadmium and safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the provisions of HCS and paragraph (m)(4) of this section. The employer shall provide information on at least the following hazards: Cancer; lung effects; kidney effects; and acute toxicity effects.
  • 1926.1127(m)(2) - Warning signs. [Reference paragraph (m)(2)(i) - (iv)]
    • 1926.1127(m)(2)(i) - Warning signs shall be provided and displayed in regulated areas. In addition, warning signs shall be posted at all approaches to regulated areas so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area.
  • 1926.1127(m)(3) - Warning labels. [Reference paragraph (m)(3)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1926.1127(m)(4) - Employee information and training.
    • 1926.1127(m)(4)(i) - The employer shall train each employee who is potentially exposed to cadmium in accordance with the requirements of this section. The employer shall institute a training program, ensure employee participation in the program, and maintain a record of the contents of the training program. [Reference paragraph (m)(4)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1926.1127(m)(5) - Multi-employer workplace. In a multi-employer workplace, an employer who produces, uses, or stores cadmium in a manner that may expose employees of other employers to cadmium shall notify those employers of the potential hazard in accordance with paragraph (e) of the hazard communication standard for construction, 29 CFR 1926.59 (refers back to 1910.1200).

1926.1127(n) - Recordkeeping.

1926.1127(o) - Observation of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (o)(1) - (2)].

  • 1926.1127(o)(2) - Observation procedures. When observation of monitoring requires entry into an area where the use of protective clothing or equipment is required, the employer shall provide the observer with that clothing and equipment and shall assure that the observer uses such clothing and equipment and complies with all other applicable safety and health procedures.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to benzene.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 1910.1028 - benzene)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1028 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 1910.1044 - 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1044 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to acrylonitrile.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 1910.1045 - acrylonitrile)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1045 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to ethylene oxide.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 1910.1047 - ethylene oxide)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1047 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for formaldehyde.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 1910.1048 - formaldehyde)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1048 of this chapter.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to methylene chloride.

Special Requirements: References other standards (Refer to 1910.1052 - methylene chloride)

Note: The requirements applicable to construction employment under this section are identical to those set forth at 29 CFR 1910.1052.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to silica exposure.

Special Requirements: Exposure control methods, engineering controls, work practice controls, respiratory protection, assess, control measures, PEL, exposure assessment, data, scheduled monitoring, sampling, action level, reassessment, notification of results, notify, in writing, posting, written notice of corrective actions, affected employees, observation of monitoring, observe, respirators, respiratory protection program, control methods, housekeeping, written exposure control plan, description, procedures, competent person, inspections, medical surveillance, examinations, medical history, physician, pulmonary function test, information, statement, written medical report, written medical opinion, hazard communication, safety data sheets, labels, hazard communication program, training, demonstrate, recordkeeping, records, references other standards

1926.1153(c) - Specified exposure control methods.

  • 1926.1153(c)(1) - For each employee engaged in a task identified on Table 1 - Specified Exposure Control Methods When Working With Materials Containing Crystalline Silica, the employer shall fully and properly implement the engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection specified for the task on Table 1, unless the employer assesses and limits the exposure of the employee to respirable crystalline silica in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section.
  • 1926.1153(c)(2) - When implementing the control measures specified in Table 1 - Specified Exposure Control Methods When Working With Materials Containing Crystalline Silica, each employer shall: [Reference paragraph (c)(2)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1926.1153(c)(3) - Where an employee performs more than one task on Table 1 during the course of a shift, and the total duration of all tasks combined is more than four hours, the required respiratory protection for each task is the respiratory protection specified for more than four hours per shift. If the total duration of all tasks on Table 1 combined is less than four hours, the required respiratory protection for each task is the respiratory protection specified for less than four hours per shift.

1925.1153(d) - Alternative exposure control methods. For tasks not listed in Table 1, or where the employer does not fully and properly implement the engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection described in Table 1:

  • 1925.1153(d)(1) - Permissible exposure limit (PEL). The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of respirable crystalline silica in excess of 50 μg/m3, calculated as an 8-hour TWA.
  • 1925.1153(d)(2) - Exposure assessment. [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (vii)].
  • 1926.1153(d)(3) - Methods of compliance.
    • 1926.1153(d)(3)(i) - Engineering and work practice controls. The employer shall use engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee exposure to respirable crystalline silica to or below the PEL, unless the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible. Wherever such feasible engineering and work practice controls are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL, the employer shall nonetheless use them to reduce employee exposure to the lowest feasible level and shall supplement them with the use of respiratory protection that complies with the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section.
    • 1926.1153(d)(3)(ii) - Abrasive blasting. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (d)(3)(i) of this section, the employer shall comply with other OSHA standards, when applicable, such as 29 CFR 1926.57 (Ventilation), where abrasive blasting is conducted using crystalline silica-containing blasting agents, or where abrasive blasting is conducted on substrates that contain crystalline silica.

1926.1153(e) - Respiratory protection.

  • 1926.1153((e)(1) - General. Where respiratory protection is required by this section, the employer must provide each employee an appropriate respirator that complies with the requirements of this paragraph and 29 CFR 1910.134. Respiratory protection is required: [Reference paragraph (e)(1)(i) - (ii)].
  • 1926.1153(e)(2) - Respiratory protection program. Where respirator use is required by this section, the employer shall institute a respiratory protection program in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134.
  • 1926.1153(e)(3) - Specified exposure control methods. For the tasks listed in Table 1 in paragraph (c) of this section, if the employer fully and properly implements the engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection described in Table 1, the employer shall be considered to be in compliance with paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the requirements for selection of respirators in 29 CFR 1910.134(d)(1)(iii) and (d)(3) with regard to exposure to respirable crystalline silica.

1926.1153(f) - Housekeeping. [Reference paragraph (f)(1) - (2)].

1926.1153(g) - Written exposure control plan. [Reference paragraph (g)(1) - (4)].

  • 1926.1153(g)(1) - The employer shall establish and implement a written exposure control plan that contains at least the following elements:
  • 1926.1153(g)(4) - The employer shall designate a competent person to make frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment to implement the written exposure control plan.

1926.1153(h) - Medical surveillance. [Reference paragraph (h)(1) - (4)].

  • 1926.1153(h)(2) - Initial examination. The employer shall make available an initial (baseline) medical examination within 30 days after initial assignment, unless the employee has received a medical examination that meets the requirements of this section within the last three years. The examination shall consist of: [Reference paragraph (h)(2)(i) - (vi)].
  • 1926.1153(h)(3) - Periodic examinations. The employer shall make available medical examinations that include the procedures described in paragraph (h)(2) of this section (except paragraph (h)(2)(v)) at least every three years, or more frequently if recommended by the PLHCP.
  • 1926.1153(h)(4) - Information provided to the PLHCP. The employer shall ensure that the examining PLHCP has a copy of this standard, and shall provide the PLHCP with the following information: [Reference paragraph (h)(4)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1926.1153(h)(5) - PLHCP's written medical report for the employee. The employer shall ensure that the PLHCP explains to the employee the results of the medical examination and provides each employee with a written medical report within 30 days of each medical examination performed. The written report shall contain: [Reference paragraph (h)(5)(i) - (iv)].
  • 1926.1153(h)(6) - PLHCP's written medical opinion for the employer. [Reference paragraph (h)(6)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1926.1153(h)(7) - Additional examinations. [Reference paragraph (h)(7)(i) - (iv)].

1926.1153(i) - Communication of respirable crystalline silica hazards to employees.

  • 1926.1153(i)(1) - Hazard communication. The employer shall include respirable crystalline silica in the program established to comply with the hazard communication standard (HCS) (29 CFR 1910.1200). The employer shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of crystalline silica and safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the provisions of HCS and paragraph (i)(2) of this section. The employer shall ensure that at least the following hazards are addressed: Cancer, lung effects, immune system effects, and kidney effects.
  • 1926.1153(i)(2) - Employee information and training. [Reference paragraph (i)(2)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1153(j) - Recordkeeping.