Subpart R - Special Industries
Subpart R provides standards for specific industries and are considered vertical standards as they apply to a particular industry. These standards apply to the following industries: manufacturing pulp, paper, and paperboard; manufacturing or processing textiles; bakery and equipment; laundry and laundry equipment; sawmills; logging operations; telecommunications; electric power generation, transmission and distribution; and grain handling.
To learn if subpart R applies to you, go to Does "Subpart R - Special Industries" Apply to You?
Special Requirements
Scope: This standard applies to establishments where pulp, paper, and paperboard are manufactured and converted. This section does not apply to logging and the transportation of logs to pulp, paper, and paperboard mills.
Special Requirements: Lockout, tagout, flagman, blue flag policy, warning flags/signs, painted boom (yellow), inspections, tests, manufacturer recommendations, signals, warning device, floor capacity (marked), markings, authorized personnel, approved safety fuse, alarm system, PPE, posted standards, hoisting engineer, person posted outside, references other standards
1910.261(a)(2) - Standards incorporated by reference. Standards covering issues of occupational safety and health which have general application without regard to any specific industry are incorporated by reference in paragraphs (b) through (m) of this section and in subparagraphs (3) and (4) of this paragraph and made applicable under this section. Such standards shall be construed according to the rules set forth in 1910.5 - applicability of standards.
1910.261(a)(3) - General incorporation of standards. Establishments subject to this section shall comply with the following standards of the American National Standards Institute, which are incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6: [Reference paragraph (a)(3) - (4)].
1910.261(c)(8)(vi) - All cranes shall be equipped with a suitable warning device such as a horn or whistle.
1910.261(c)(9)(i) - A flagman shall direct the movement of cranes or locomotives being moved across railroad tracks or roads, and at any points where the vision of the operator is restricted. The flagman must always remain in sight of the operator when the crane or locomotive is in motion. The blue flag policy shall be used to mark stationary cars day and night. This policy shall include marking the track in advance of the spotted cars (flag for daytime, light for darkness).
1910.261(c)(9)(ii) - After cars are spotted for loading or unloading, warning flags or signs shall be placed in the center of the track at least 50 feet away from the cars and a derail set to protect workmen in the car.
1910.261(c)(10) - Illumination. Artificial illumination shall be provided when loading or unloading is performed after dark, in accordance with American National Standard A11.1 - 1965 (R - 1970).
1910.261(c)(14)(ii) - If dynamite is used to loosen the pile, only authorized personnel shall be permitted to handle and discharge the explosive. An electric detonator is preferable for firing; if a fuse is used, it shall be an approved safety fuse with a burning rate of not less than 120 seconds per yard and a minimum length of 3 feet, in accordance with Safety in the Handling and Use of Explosives, IME Pamphlet No. 17, July 1960.
1910.261(c)(15)(ii) - Where conveyors cross passageways or roadways, a horizontal platform shall be provided under the conveyor, extended out from the sides of the conveyor a distance equal to 1 ½ times the length of the wood handled. The platform shall extend the width of the road plus 2 feet (61 cm) on each side, and shall be kept free of wood and rubbish. The edges of the platform shall be provided with toeboards or other protection that meet the requirements of subpart D - walking - working surfaces (Reference 1910.28 - duty to have fall protection and falling object protection and 1910.29 - fall protection systems and falling object protection - criteria and practices), of this part to prevent wood from falling.
1910.261(c)(15)(iv) - Every belt conveyor shall have an emergency stop cable extending the length of the conveyor so that it may be stopped from any location along the line, or conveniently located stop buttons within 10 feet of each work station, in accordance with American National Standard B20.1 - 1957.
1910.261(c)(16) - Signs. When conveyors cross walkways or roadways in the yards, the employer must erect signs reading "Danger—Overhead Conveyor" or an equivalent warning, in accordance with ANSI Z35.1-1968 or ANSI Z535.2-2011, incorporated by reference in 1910.6.
1910.261(d)(1) - Personal protective equipment. Whenever possible, all dust, fumes, and gases incident to handling materials shall be controlled at the source, in accordance with American National Standard Z9.2 - 1960. Where control at the source is not possible, respirators with goggles or protective masks shall be provided, and employees shall wear them when handling alum, clay, soda ash, lime, bleach powder, sulfur, chlorine, and similar materials, and when opening rag bales.
1910.261(d)(3)(iii) - Floor capacities shall be clearly marked on all floors.
1910.261(e)(2) - Slasher tables. Saws shall be stopped and power switches shall be locked out and tagged whenever it is necessary for any person to be on the slasher table.
1910.261(e)(4) - Runway to the jack ladder. The runway from the pond or unloading dock to the table shall be protected with standard handrails and toeboards. Inclined portions shall have cleats or equivalent nonslip surfacing that complies with subpart D - walking - working surfaces, of this part. Protective equipment shall be provided for persons working over water.
1910.261(e)(10) - Stops. All control devices shall be locked out and tagged when knives are being changed.
1910.261(e)(12)(i) - When platforms or floors allow access to the sides of the drums, a standard railing shall be constructed around the drums. When two or more drums are arranged side by side, proper walkways with standard handrails shall be provided between each set, in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.23, Guarding floor and wall openings and holes (These requirements are now located in 1910.28 - duty to have fall protection and falling object protection).
1910.261(e)(12)(ii) - Sprockets and chains, gears, and trunnions shall have standard guards, in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.219 - mechanical power-transmission apparatus.
1910.261(e)(12)(iii) - Whenever it becomes necessary for a workman to go within a drum, the driving mechanism shall be locked and tagged, at the main disconnect switch, in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
1910.261(e)(13) - Intermittent barking drums. In addition to motor switch, clutch, belt shifter, or other power disconnecting device, intermittent barking drums shall be equipped with a device which may be locked to prevent the drum from moving while it is being emptied or filled.
1910.261(g)(19)(iii) - When blow lines from more than one digester lead into one pipe, the cock or valve of the blow line from the tank being inspected or repaired shall be locked or tagged out, or the line shall be disconnected and blocked off.
1910.261(g)(20) - Furnace room. Exhaust ventilation shall be provided where niter cake is fed into a rotary furnace and shall be so designed and maintained as to keep the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas below the parts per million listed in 1910.1000 - air contaminants
1910.261(g)(21) - Inspection and repair of tanks. All piping leading to tanks shall be blanked off or valved and locked or tagged. Any lines to sewers shall be blanked off to protect workers from air contaminants.
Scope: This standard applies to the design, installation, processes, operation, and maintenance of textile machinery, equipment, and other plant facilities in all plants engaged in the manufacture and processing of textiles, except those processes used exclusively in the manufacture of synthetic fibers.
Special Requirements: Inspections, marking physical hazards, references other standards
1910.262(a)(2) - Standards incorporated by reference. Standards covering issues of occupational safety and health which are of general application without regard to any specific industry are incorporated by reference in paragraphs of this section and made applicable to textiles. All such standards shall be construed according to the rules of construction set out in 1910.5 - applicability of standards.
1910.262(c)(5) - Inspection and maintenance. All guards and other safety devices, including starting and stopping devices, shall be properly maintained.
1910.262(c)(6) - Lighting. Lighting shall conform to American National Standard A11.1—1965, which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.262(c)(7) - Identification of piping systems. Identification of piping systems shall conform to American National Standard A13.1—1956, which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.262(c)(8) - Identification of physical hazards. Identification of physical hazards shall be in accordance with the requirements of 1910.144 - safety color code for marking physical hazards.
1910.262(h)(1)(i) - Reducing valves, safety valves, and pressure gages. Reducing valves, safety valves, and pressure gages shall conform to the ASME Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Unfired Pressure Vessels, 1968, which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.262(h)(1)(ii) - Vacuum relief valves. Vacuum relief valves shall conform to the ASME Code for Pressure Vessels, Section VIII, Unfired Pressure Vessels, 1968.
1910.262(q)(1) - Reducing valves, safety valves, and pressure gages. Reducing valves, safety valves, and pressure gages shall conform to the ASME Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels, Section VIII, Unfired/Pressure Vessels, 1968.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements of this section shall apply to the design, installation, operation and maintenance of machinery and equipment used within a bakery.
Special Requirements: Inspections, marked specifications, marked maximum load capacity, inspections, instructed, especially appointed bakery employee, oven manufacturer representative, tested, references other standards
1910.263(d)(8)(i) - Enclosures of all types of flour sifters shall be so constructed that they are dust-tight but readily accessible for interior inspection.
1910.263(i)(12)(i) - All chain tackle shall be marked prominently, permanently, and legibly with maximum load capacity.
1910.263(i)(12)(ii) - All chain tackle shall be marked permanently and legibly with minimum support specification.
1910.263(i)(13)(i) - All hoists shall be marked prominently, permanently, and legibly with maximum load capacity.
1910.263(i)(13)(ii) - All hoists shall be marked permanently and legibly with minimum support specifications.
1910.263(i)(24)(ii) - Kettles with steam jackets shall be provided with safety valves in accordance with the ASME Pressure Vessel Code, section VIII, Unfired Pressure Vessels, 1968, which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.263(k)(2)(i) - All drive belts used in connection with sugar and spice pulverizers shall be grounded by means of metal combs or other effective means of removing static electricity. All pulverizing of sugar or spice grinding shall be done in accordance with NFPA 62 - 1967 (Standard for Dust Hazards of Sugar and Cocoa) and NFPA 656 - 1959 (Standard for Dust Hazards in Spice Grinding Plants), which are incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.263(l)(9)(ii) - All safety devices on ovens shall be inspected at intervals of not less than twice a month by an especially appointed, properly instructed bakery employee, and not less than once a year by representatives of the oven manufacturers.
1910.263(l)(9)(v)(b) - The safety shutoff valve shall be positively tight and shall be tested at least twice monthly.
1910.263(l)(9)(viii)(c) - Specifically exempted from the provisions of paragraph (l)(8)(viii) of this section are heating systems on ovens in which the fuel is admitted only to enclosed spaces which shall have been tested to prove that their construction will resist repeated explosions without deformation are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (l)(8)(viii)(a) and (b) of this section.
1910.263(l)(15)(iii) - Duct systems (in ovens) operating under pressure shall be tested for tightness in the initial starting of the oven and also at intervals not farther apart than 6 months.
Scope: This standard applies to moving parts of equipment used in laundries and to conditions peculiar to this industry, with special reference to the point of operation of laundry machines. This section does not apply to dry-cleaning operations.
Special Requirements: Instructions, warnings/cautioned, printed rules, safe practices
1910.264(d)(1)(iii) - Markers. Markers and others handling soiled clothes shall be warned against touching the eyes, mouth, or any part of the body on which the skin has been broken by a scratch or abrasion; and they shall be cautioned not to touch or eat food until their hands have been thoroughly washed.
1910.264(d)(1)(v) - Instruction of employees. Employees shall be properly instructed as to the hazards of their work and be instructed in safe practices, by bulletins, printed rules, and verbal instructions.
Scope: This standard provides safety requirements for sawmill operations including, but not limited to, log and lumber handling, sawing, trimming, and planing; waste disposal; operation of dry kilns; finishing; shipping; storage; yard and yard equipment; and for power tools and affiliated equipment used in connection with such operations, but excluding the manufacture of plywood, cooperage, and veneer.
Special Requirements: Safety factor, design, engineering practices, markings, warning signs, judged (illumination), identified (exits), references other standards
1910.265(c)(1) - Safety factor. All buildings, docks, tramways, walkways, log dumps, and other structures shall be designed, constructed and maintained so as to support the imposed load in accordance with a safety factor.
1910.265(c)(2) - Work areas. Work areas under mills shall be as evenly surfaced as local conditions permit. They shall be free from unnecessary obstructions and provided with lighting facilities in accordance with American National Standard for Industrial Lighting A11.1—1965, which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.265(c)(3) - Floors. Flooring in buildings and on ramps and walkways shall be constructed and installed in accordance with established principles of mechanics and sound engineering practices. They shall be of adequate strength to support the estimated or actual dead and live loads acting on them with the resultant stress not exceeding the allowable stress for the material being used.
Scope: This standard establishes safety practices, means, methods and operations for all types of logging, regardless of the end use of the wood. These types of logging include, but are not limited to, pulpwood and timber harvesting and the logging of sawlogs, veneer bolts, poles, pilings and other forest products. This standard does not cover the construction or use of cable yarding systems.
Logging operations. Operations associated with felling and moving trees and logs from the stump to the point of delivery, such as, but not limited to, marking danger trees and trees/logs to be cut to length, felling, limbing, bucking, debarking, chipping, yarding, loading, unloading, storing, and transporting machines, equipment and personnel to, from and between logging sites.
Special Requirements: Inspections, demonstrates, employee accounting, visual/audible contact, voice communications, hand signals, first aid kits contents reviewed/approved, healthcare provider, inspections, manufacturer's specifications, manufacturer's instructions, power company (notify, advises), operating procedures, designated person, operating and maintenance instructions, supervisor approval, acknowledgement, PPE, tested, rated capacity, training, verification, checks, signatures, certification record (written), lockout/tagout, safety and health meetings, operator's license, references other standards
1910.266(d)(1)(i) - The employer shall assure that personal protective equipment, including any personal protective equipment provided by an employee, is maintained in a serviceable condition.
1910.266(d)(1)(ii) - The employer shall assure that personal protective equipment, including any personal protective equipment provided by an employee, is inspected before initial use during each workshift. Defects or damage shall be repaired or the unserviceable personal protective equipment shall be replaced before work is commenced.
- 1910.266(d)(1)(vii)(A) - Eye protection meeting the requirements of subpart I of part 1910 - personal protective equipment where there is potential for eye injury due to falling or flying objects; and
- 1910.266(d)(1)(vii)(B) - Face protection meeting the requirements of subpart I of part 1910 - personal protective equipment where there is potential for facial injury such as, but not limited to, operating a chipper. Logger-type mesh screens may be worn by employees performing chain-saw operations and yarding.
1910.266(d)(2)(iii) - The employer also may have the number and content of first-aid kits reviewed and approved annually by a health care provider.
1910.266(d)(3)(iv) - That each machine seat belt meets the requirements of the Society of Automotive Engineers Standard SAE J386, June 1985, "Operator Restraint Systems for Off-Road Work Machines", which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.266(d)(4) - Fire extinguishers. The employer shall provide and maintain portable fire extinguishers on each machine and vehicle in accordance with the requirements of subpart L - fire protection, of part 1910.
1910.266(d)(6)(iii) - Each employee performing a logging operation at a logging work site shall work in a position or location that is within visual or audible contact with another employee.
1910.266(d)(6)(iv) - The employer shall account for each employee at the end of each workshift.
1910.266(d)(7)(i) - Hand signals or audible contact, such as but not limited to, whistles, horns, or radios, shall be utilized whenever noise, distance, restricted visibility, or other factors prevent clear understanding of normal voice communications between employees.
1910.266(d)(7)(ii) - Engine noise, such as from a chain saw, is not an acceptable means of signaling. Other locally and regionally recognized signals may be used.
1910.266(d)(7)(iii) - Only a designated person shall give signals, except in an emergency.
1910.266(d)(8)(i) - Logging operations near overhead electric lines shall be done in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.333(c)(3) - selection and use of work practices, overhead lines.
1910.266(d)(8)(ii) - The employer shall notify the power company immediately if a felled tree makes contact with any power line. Each employee shall remain clear of the area until the power company advises that there are no electrical hazards.
1910.266(d)(9)(i) - Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored, handled, transported, and used in accordance with the requirements of subpart H - hazardous materials, of part 1910.
1910.266(d)(9)(iii) - Each machine, vehicle, and portable powered tool shall be shut off during fueling. Diesel-powered machines and vehicles may be fueled while they are at idle, provided that continued operation is intended and that the employer follows safe fueling and operating procedures.
1910.266(d)(10)(i) - Explosives and blasting agents shall be stored, handled, transported, and used in accordance with the requirements of subpart H - hazardous materials, of part 1910.
1910.266(d)(10)(ii) - Only a designated person shall handle or use explosives and blasting agents.
1910.266(e)(1)(ii) - The employer shall assure that each tool, including any tool provided by an employee, is inspected before initial use during each workshift. At a minimum, the inspection shall include the following: [Reference paragraph (e)(1)(ii)(A) - (H)].
1910.266(e)(1)(v) - The cutting edge of each tool shall be sharpened in accordance with manufacturer's specifications whenever it becomes dull during the workshift.
1910.266(e)(2)(i) - Each chain saw placed into initial service after the effective date of this section shall be equipped with a chain brake and shall otherwise meet the requirements of the ANSI B175.1-1991 "Safety Requirements for Gasoline-Powered Chain Saws", which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6. Each chain saw placed into service before the effective date of this section shall be equipped with a protective device that minimizes chain-saw kickback. No chain-saw kickback device shall be removed or otherwise disabled.
1910.266(e)(2)(iii) - The chain saw shall be operated and adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1910.266(f)(1)(ii) - The employer shall assure that each machine, including any machine provided by an employee, is inspected before initial use during each workshift. Defects or damage shall be repaired or the unserviceable machine shall be replaced before work is commenced.
1910.266(f)(2)(iv) - To maintain stability, the machine must be operated within the limitations imposed by the manufacturer as described in the operating and maintenance instructions for that machine.
1910.266(f)(2)(vi) - The machine shall be operated only from the operator's station or as otherwise recommended by the manufacturer.
1910.266(f)(2)(xi) - If a hydraulic or pneumatic storage device can move the moving elements such as, but not limited to, blades, buckets, saws and shears, after the machine is shut down, the pressure or stored energy from the element shall be discharged as specified by the manufacturer.
1910.266(f)(2)(xii) - The rated capacity of any vehicle transporting a machine shall not be exceeded.
1910.266(f)(3)(ii)(A) - ROPS shall be tested, installed, and maintained in serviceable condition.
1910.266(f)(3)(ii)(B) - Each machine manufactured after August 1, 1996, shall have ROPS tested, installed, and maintained in accordance with the Society of Automotive Engineers SAE J1040, April 1988, "Performance Criteria for Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) for Construction, Earthmoving, Forestry, and Mining Machines", which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.266(f)(3)(iii) - FOPS shall be installed, tested and maintained in accordance with the Society of Automotive Engineers SAE J231, January 1981, "Minimum Performance Criteria for Falling Object Protective Structures (FOPS)", which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.266(f)(3)(iv) - ROPS and FOPS shall meet the requirements of the Society of Automotive Engineers SAE J397, April 1988, "Deflection Limiting Volume-ROPS/FOPS Laboratory Evaluation", which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.266(f)(3)(vii) - Each machine manufactured after August 1, 1996, shall have a cab that is fully enclosed with mesh material with openings no greater than 2 inches (5.08 cm) at its least dimension. The cab may be enclosed with other material(s) where the employer demonstrates such material(s) provides equivalent protection and visibility. Exception: Equivalent visibility is not required for the lower portion of the cab where there are control panels or similar obstructions in the cab, or where visibility is not necessary for safe operation of the machine.
1910.266(f)(3)(x) - When transparent material is used to enclose the upper portion of the cab, it shall be made of safety glass or other material that the employer demonstrates provides equivalent protection and visibility.
1910.266(f)(4) - Overhead guards. Each forklift shall be equipped with an overhead guard meeting the requirements of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME B56.6-1992 (with addenda), "Safety Standard for Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks", which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.266(f)(5)(i) - Machine access systems, meeting the specifications of the Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE J185, June 1988, "Recommended Practice for Access Systems for Off-Road Machines", which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6, shall be provided for each machine where the operator or any other employee must climb onto the machine to enter the cab or to perform maintenance.
1910.266(f)(8)(i) - Each machine shall be equipped with guarding to protect employees from exposed moving elements, such as but not limited to, shafts, pulleys, belts on conveyors, and gears, in accordance with the requirements of subpart O - machinery and machine guarding, of part 1910.
1910.266(f)(8)(ii) - Each machine used for debarking, limbing and chipping shall be equipped with guarding to protect employees from flying wood chunks, logs, chips, bark, limbs and other material in accordance with the requirements of subpart O - machinery and machine guarding, of part 1910.
1910.266(g)(4) - The employer shall assure that each vehicle operator has a valid operator's license for the class of vehicle being operated.
1910.266(h)(1)(ii) - The immediate supervisor shall be consulted when unfamiliar or unusually hazardous conditions necessitate the supervisor's approval before cutting is commenced.
1910.266(h)(1)(iv) - No employee shall approach a feller closer than two tree lengths of trees being felled until the feller has acknowledged that it is safe to do so, unless the employer demonstrates that a team of employees is necessary to manually fell a particular tree.
1910.266(h)(1)(v) - No employee shall approach a mechanical felling operation closer than two tree lengths of the trees being felled until the machine operator has acknowledged that it is safe to do so.
1910.266(h)(1)(vii) - Each danger tree shall be carefully checked for signs of loose bark, broken branches and limbs or other damage before they are felled or removed. Accessible loose bark and other damage that may create a hazard for an employee shall be removed or held in place before felling or removing the tree.
1910.266(h)(2)(i) - Before felling is started, the feller shall plan and clear a retreat path. The retreat path shall extend diagonally away from the expected felling line unless the employer demonstrates that such a retreat path poses a greater hazard than an alternate path. Once the backcut has been made the feller shall immediately move a safe distance away from the tree on the retreat path.
1910.266(h)(2)(iii) - Each tree shall be checked for accumulations of snow and ice. Accumulations of snow and ice that may create a hazard for an employee shall be removed before felling is commenced in the area or the area shall be avoided.
1910.266(h)(2)(v) - An undercut shall be made in each tree being felled unless the employer demonstrates that felling the particular tree without an undercut will not create a hazard for an employee. The undercut shall be of a size so the tree will not split and will fall in the intended direction.
1910.266(h)(4)(iii) - The chipper shall be shut down and locked out in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.147 - the control of hazardous energy, when an employee performs any servicing or maintenance.
1910.266(h)(5)(ii) - Each choker shall be hooked and unhooked from the uphill side or end of the log, unless the employer demonstrates that is it not feasible in the particular situation to hook or unhook the choker from the uphill side. Where the choker is hooked or unhooked from the downhill side or end of the log, the log shall be securely chocked to prevent rolling, sliding or swinging.
1910.266(h)(5)(v) - No yarding line shall be moved unless the yarding machine operator has clearly received and understood the signal to do so. When in doubt, the yarding machine operator shall repeat the signal and wait for a confirming signal before moving any line.
1910.266(h)(5)(vi) - No load shall exceed the rated capacity of the pallet, trailer, or other carrier.
1910.266(h)(6)(ii) - Only the loading or unloading machine operator and other personnel the employer demonstrates are essential shall be in the loading or unloading work area during this operation.
1910.266(h)(6)(iii) - No transport vehicle operator shall remain in the cab during loading and unloading if the logs are carried or moved over the truck cab, unless the employer demonstrates that it is necessary for the operator to do so. Where the transport vehicle operator remains in the cab, the employer shall provide operator protection, such as but not limited to, reinforcement of the cab.
1910.266(h)(6)(viii)(B) - When the employee making the release is protected by racks, stanchions or other protection the employer demonstrates is capable of withstanding the force of the logs.
1910.266(h)(7) - Transport. The transport vehicle operator shall assure that each tie down is tight before transporting the load. While enroute, the operator shall check and tighten the tie downs whenever there is reason to believe that the tie downs have loosened or the load has shifted.
1910.266(i)(1) - The employer shall provide training for each employee, including supervisors, at no cost to the employee.
1910.266(i)(2) - Frequency. Training shall be provided as follows: [Reference paragraph (i)(2)(i) - (iv)].
1910.266(i)(3) - Content. At a minimum, training shall consist of the following elements: [Reference paragraph (i)(3)(i) - (vi)].
1910.266(i)(4) - Training of an employee due to unsafe job performance, or assignment of new work tasks, tools, equipment, machines, or vehicles; may be limited to those elements in paragraph (i)(3) of this section which are relevant to the circumstances giving rise to the need for training.
1910.266(i)(5) - Portability of training. [Reference paragraph (i)(5)(i) - (iv)].
1910.266(i)(6) - Each new employee and each employee who is required to be trained as specified in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, shall work under the close supervision of a designated person until the employee demonstrates to the employer the ability to safely perform their new duties independently.
1910.266(i)(7)(i) - The employer shall assure that each employee, including supervisors, receives or has received first-aid and CPR training meeting at least the requirements specified in appendix B - First-aid and CPR Training (Mandatory).
1910.266(i)(7)(ii) - The employer shall assure that each employee's first-aid and CPR training and/or certificate of training remain current.
1910.266(i)(8) - All training shall be conducted by a designated person.
1910.266(i)(9) - The employer shall assure that all training required by this section is presented in a manner that the employee is able to understand. The employer shall assure that all training materials used are appropriate in content and vocabulary to the educational level, literacy, and language skills of the employees being trained.
Scope: This standard sets forth safety and health standards that apply to the work conditions, practices, means, methods, operations, installations and processes performed at telecommunications centers and at telecommunications field installations, which are located outdoors or in building spaces used for such field installations.
Telecommunications center. An installation of communication equipment under the exclusive control of an organization providing telecommunications service, that is located outdoors or in a vault, chamber, or a building space used primarily for such installations.
Center work includes the installation, operation, maintenance, rearrangement, and removal of communications equipment and other associated equipment in telecommunications switching centers.
Field work includes the installation, operation, maintenance, rearrangement, and removal of conductors and other equipment used for signal or communication service, and of their supporting or containing structures, overhead or underground, on public or private rights of way, including buildings or other structures.
Special Requirements: Markings, retest schedule, instructions, inspections, competent person, training, signature of trainer, safe practices, procedures, certification record, retesting/tests, emergency procedures, written certification from manufacturer, (posted) instructions, posted load capacity, checks, briefings, tagging/tags, rigger in charge, examined, danger signs, flags, voltage tests, visually determine, signature on tag, requests/notification, qualified person, first aid training, work procedure, radiation protection guide, posted radiation symbol, measures, authorized representatives, owners, PPE, supervisor/foreman in charge, references other standards
1910.268(b)(1)(iii) - Working spaces. Maintenance aisles, or wiring aisles, between equipment frame lineups are working spaces and are not an exit route for purposes of 29 CFR 1910.34 - exit routes and emergency planning, coverage and definitions.
1910.268(b)(1)(v) - Equipment, machinery and machine guarding. When power plant machinery in telecommunications centers is operated with commutators and couplings uncovered, the adjacent housing shall be clearly marked to alert personnel to the rotating machinery.
1910.268(b)(2)(i) - Eye protection devices which provide side as well as frontal eye protection for employees shall be provided when measuring storage battery specific gravity or handling electrolyte, and the employer shall ensure that such devices are used by the employees. The employer shall also ensure that acid resistant gloves and aprons shall be worn for protection against spattering. Facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided unless the storage batteries are of the enclosed type and equipped with explosion proof vents, in which case sealed water rinse or neutralizing packs may be substituted for the quick drenching or flushing facilities. Employees assigned to work with storage batteries shall be instructed in emergency procedures such as dealing with accidental acid spills.
1910.268(b)(3) - Employers must provide employees with readily accessible, adequate, and appropriate first aid supplies. A non-mandatory example of appropriate supplies is listed in appendix A - first aid kits to 29 CFR 1910.151 - medical services and first aid.
1910.268(b)(4) - Hazardous materials. Highway mobile vehicles and trailers stored in garages in accordance with 1910.110 - storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases, may be equipped to carry more than one LP-gas container, but the total capacity of LP-gas containers per work vehicle stored in garages shall not exceed 100 pounds of LP-gas. All container valves shall be closed when not in use.
1910.268(b)(6) - Support structures. No employee, or any material or equipment, may be supported or permitted to be supported on any portion of a pole structure, platform, ladder, walkway or other elevated structure or aerial device unless the employer ensures that the support structure is first inspected by a competent person and it is determined to be adequately strong, in good working condition and properly secured in place.
1910.268(c) - Training. Employers shall provide training in the various precautions and safe practices described in this section and shall insure that employees do not engage in the activities to which this section applies until such employees have received proper training in the various precautions and safe practices required by this section. However, where the employer can demonstrate that an employee is already trained in the precautions and safe practices required by this section prior to his employment, training need not be provided to that employee in accordance with this section. Where training is required, it shall consist of on-the-job training or classroom-type training or a combination of both. The employer shall certify that employees have been trained by preparing a certification record which includes the identity of the person trained, the signature of the employer or the person who conducted the training, and the date the training was completed. The certification record shall be prepared at the completion of training and shall be maintained on file for the duration of the employee's employment. The certification record shall be made available upon request to the Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health. Such training shall, where appropriate, include the following subjects: [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (3)].
1910.268(d)(1) - Before work is begun in the vicinity of vehicular or pedestrian traffic which may endanger employees, warning signs and/or flags or other traffic control devices shall be placed conspicuously to alert and channel approaching traffic. Where further protection is needed, barriers shall be utilized. At night, warning lights shall be prominently displayed, and excavated areas shall be enclosed with protective barricades.
1910.268(d)(2) - If work exposes energized or moving parts that are normally protected, danger signs shall be displayed and barricades erected, as necessary, to warn other personnel in the area.
1910.268(d)(3) - The employer shall insure that an employee finding any crossed or fallen wires which create or may create a hazardous situation at the work area: (i) Remains on guard or adopts other adequate means to warn other employees of the danger and (ii) has the proper authority notified at the earliest practical moment.
1910.268(e) - Tools and personal protective equipment - Generally. Personal protective equipment, protective devices and special tools needed for the work of employees shall be provided and the employer shall ensure that they are used by employees. Before each day's use, the employer shall ensure that these personal protective devices, tools, and equipment are carefully inspected by a competent person to ascertain that they are in good condition.
1910.268(f)(1) - Rubber insulating equipment designed for the voltage levels to be encountered shall be provided and the employer shall ensure that they are used by employees as required by this section. The requirements of 1910.137 - electrical protective equipment, shall be followed except for Table I-6.
1910.268(f)(2) - The employer is responsible for the periodic retesting of all insulating gloves, blankets, and other rubber insulating equipment. This retesting shall be electrical, visual and mechanical. The following maximum retesting intervals shall apply: [Reference paragraph (f)(2)].
1910.268(f)(3) - Gloves and blankets shall be marked to indicate compliance with the retest schedule, and shall be marked with the date the next test is due. Gloves found to be defective in the field or by the tests set forth in paragraph (f)(2) of this section shall be destroyed by cutting them open from the finger to the gauntlet.
1910.268(g)(1) - General. A positioning system or a personal fall arrest system shall be provided and the employer shall ensure their use when work is performed at positions more than 4 feet (1.2 m) above the ground, on poles, and on towers, except as provided in paragraphs (n)(7) and (8) of this section. These systems shall meet the applicable requirements in subpart I - personal protective equipment, of this part. The employer shall ensure that all climbing equipment is inspected before each day's use to determine that it is in safe working condition.
1910.268(g)(2)(ii) - The employer shall ensure that pole climbers are inspected by a competent person for the following conditions: Fractured or cracked gaffs or leg irons, loose or dull gaffs, broken straps or buckles. If any of these conditions exist, the defect shall be corrected before the climbers are used.
1910.268(g)(2)(iii) - Pole climbers shall be inspected as required in this paragraph (g)(3) before each day's use and a gaff cut-out test performed at least weekly when in use.
1910.268(h) - Ladders. Ladders, step bolts, and manhole steps shall meet the applicable requirements in subpart D - walking - working surfaces, of this part (1910).
1910.268(i)(1) - Head protection. Head protection meeting the requirements of ANSI Z89.2-1971, "Safety Requirements for Industrial Protective Helmets for Electrical Workers, Class B" shall be provided whenever there is exposure to possible high voltage electrical contact, and the employer shall ensure that the head protection is used by employees. ANSI Z89.2-1971 is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
1910.268(i)(2) - Eye protection. Eye protection meeting the requirements of 1910.133(a)(2) thru (a)(6) - eye and face protection, shall be provided and the employer shall ensure its use by employees where foreign objects may enter the eyes due to work operations such as but not limited to: [Reference paragraph (i)(2)(i) - (xi)].
1910.268(i)(7) - Portable lights, tools, and appliances. Portable lights, tools, and appliances having noncurrent-carrying external metal housing may be used with power equipment described in paragraph (i)(5) of this section without an equipment grounding conductor. When operated from commercial power such metal parts of these devices shall be grounded, unless these tools or appliances are protected by a system of double insulation, or its equivalent. Where such a system is employed, the equipment shall be distinctively marked to indicate double insulation.
1910.268(i)(9) - Lead work. The wiping of lead joints using melted solder, gas fueled torches, soldering irons or other appropriate heating devices, and the soldering of wires or other electrical connections do not constitute the welding, cutting and brazing described in subpart Q - welding, cutting and brazing, of this part (1910). When operated from commercial power the metal housing of electric solder pots shall be grounded. Electric solder pots may be used with the power equipment described in paragraph (i)(5) of this section without a grounding conductor. The employer shall ensure that wiping gloves or cloths and eye protection are used in lead wiping operations. A drip pan to catch hot lead drippings shall also be provided and used.
1910.268(j)(1)(i) - Vehicle-mounted material handling devices and other mechanical equipment. The employer shall ensure that visual inspections are made of the equipment by a competent person each day the equipment is to be used to ascertain that it is in good condition.
1910.268(j)(1)(ii) - Vehicle-mounted material handling devices and other mechanical equipment. The employer shall ensure that tests shall be made at the beginning of each shift by a competent person to insure the vehicle brakes and operating systems are in proper working condition.
1910.268(j)(2)(i) - All rubber-tired, self-propelled scrapers, rubber-tired front end loaders, rubber-tired dozers, agricultural and industrial tractors, crawler tractors, crawler-type loaders, and motor graders, with or without attachments, that are used in telecommunications work shall have rollover protective structures that meet the requirements of subpart W - rollover protective structures; overhead protection, of part 1926 - Construction standards, of this Title.
1910.268(j)(4)(iv) - Derricks and the operation of derricks shall comply with the following requirements:
- 1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(A) - Manufacturer's specifications, load ratings and instructions for derrick operation shall be strictly observed.
- 1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(B) - Rated load capacities and instructions related to derrick operation shall be conspicuously posted on a permanent weather-resistant plate or decal in a location on the derrick that is plainly visible to the derrick operator.
- 1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(D) - Only persons trained in the operation of the derrick shall be permitted to operate the derrick.
- 1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(E) - Hand signals to derrick operators shall be those prescribed by ANSI B30.6-1969, "Safety Code for Derricks", which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6.
- 1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(F) - The employer shall ensure that the derrick and its associated equipment are inspected by a competent person at intervals set by the manufacturer but in no case less than once per year. Records shall be maintained including the dates of inspections, and necessary repairs made, if corrective action was required.
- 1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(G) - Modifications or additions to the derrick and its associated equipment that alter its capacity or affect its safe operation shall be made only with written certification from the manufacturer, or other equivalent entity, such as a nationally recognized testing laboratory, that the modification results in the equipment being safe for its intended use. Such changes shall require the changing and posting of revised capacity and instruction decals or plates. These new ratings or limitations shall be as provided by the manufacturer or other equivalent entity.
- 1910.268(j)(4)(iv)(H) - Wire rope used with derricks shall be of improved plow steel or equivalent. Wire rope safety factors shall be in accordance with American National Standards Institute B30.6-1969.
1910.268(l)(1) - Employees involved in using high voltages to locate trouble or test cables shall be instructed in the precautions necessary for their own safety and the safety of other employees.
1910.268(l)(2) - Before the voltage is applied, cable conductors shall be isolated to the extent practicable. Employees shall be warned, by such techniques as briefing and tagging at all affected locations, to stay clear while the voltage is applied.
1910.268(m)(1) - Power conductors. Electric power conductors and equipment shall be considered as energized unless the employee can visually determine that they are bonded to one of the grounds listed in paragraph (m)(4) of this section.
1910.268(m)(3)(i) - Metal power conduit on joint use poles, exposed vertical power ground wires, and street light fixtures which are below communications attachments or less than 20 inches above these attachments, shall be considered energized and shall be tested for voltage unless the employee can visually determine that they are bonded to the communications suspension strand or cable sheath.
1910.268(m)(3)(ii) - If no hazardous voltage is shown by the voltage test, a temporary bond shall be placed between such street light fixture, exposed vertical power grounding conductor, or metallic power conduit and the communications cable strand. Temporary bonds used for this purpose shall have sufficient conductivity to carry at least 500 amperes for a period of one second without fusing.
1910.268(m)(4) - Suitable protective grounding. Acceptable grounds for protective grounding are as follows:
- 1910.268(m)(4)(i) - A vertical ground wire which has been tested, found safe, and is connected to a power system multigrounded neutral or the grounded neutral of a power secondary system where there are at least three services connected.
1910.268(m)(7)(i) - Antenna work-radio transmitting stations 3-30 MHZ. Prior to grounding a radio transmitting station antenna, the employer shall insure that the rigger in charge:
- 1910.268(m)(7)(i)(A) - Prepares a danger tag signed with his signature,
- 1910.268(m)(7)(i)(B) - Requests the transmitting technician to shutdown the transmitter and to ground the antenna with its grounding switch,
- 1910.268(m)(7)(i)(C) - Is notified by the transmitting technician that the transmitter has been shutdown, and
- 1910.268(m)(7)(i)(D) - Tags the antenna ground switch personally in the presence of the transmitting technician after the antenna has been grounded by the transmitting technician.
1910.268(m)(7)(ii) - Power shall not be applied to the antenna, nor shall the grounding switch be opened under any circumstances while the tag is affixed.
1910.268(m)(7)(iii)(A) - Where no grounding switches are provided, grounding sticks shall be used, one on each side of line, and tags shall be placed on the grounding sticks, antenna switch, or plate power switch in a conspicuous place.
1910.268(m)(7)(iv) - All radio frequency line wires shall be tested for pickup with an insulated probe before they are handled either with bare hands or with metal tools.
1910.268(m)(7)(v) - The employer shall insure that the transmitting technician warn the riggers about adjacent lines which are, or may become energized.
1910.268(m)(7)(vi) - The employer shall insure that when antenna work has been completed, the rigger in charge of the job returns to the transmitter, notifies the transmitting technician in charge that work has been completed, and personally removes the tag from the antenna ground switch.
1910.268(n)(2) - Need for testing wood poles. Unless temporary guys or braces are attached, the following poles shall be tested in accordance with paragraph (n)(3) of this section and determined to be safe before employees are permitted to climb them: [Reference paragraph (n)(2)(i) - (v)].
1910.268(n)(3) - Methods for testing wood poles. One of the following methods or an equivalent method shall be used for testing wood poles: [Reference paragraph (n)(3)(i) - (ii)].
1910.268(n)(4) - Unsafe poles or structures. Poles or structures determined to be unsafe by test or observation may not be climbed until made safe by guying, bracing or other adequate means. Poles determined to be unsafe to climb shall, until they are made safe, be tagged in a conspicuous place to alert and warn all employees of the unsafe condition.
1910.268(n)(5)(i) - Before attaching a splicing platform to a cable suspension strand, the strand shall be tested and determined to have strength sufficient to support the weight of the platform and the employee. Where the strand crosses above power wires or railroad tracks it may not be tested but shall be inspected in accordance with paragraph (n)(6) of this section.
1910.268(n)(5)(ii) - The following method or an equivalent method shall be used for testing the strength of the strand: A rope, at least three-eighths inch in diameter, shall be thrown over the strand. On joint lines, the rope shall be passed over the strand using tree pruner handles or a wire raising tool. If two employees are present, both shall grip the double rope and slowly transfer their entire weight to the rope and attempt to raise themselves off the ground. If only one employee is present, one end of the rope which has been passed over the strand shall be tied to the bumper of the truck, or other equally secure anchorage. The employee then shall grasp the other end of the rope and attempt to raise himself off the ground.
1910.268(n)(6) - Inspection of strand. Where strand passes over electric power wires or railroad tracks, it shall be inspected from an elevated working position at each pole supporting the span in question. The strand may not be used to support any splicing platform, scaffold or cable car, if any of the following conditions exist: [Reference paragraph (n)(6)(i) - (iv)].
1910.268(n)(11)(v) - The guard or insulating material used to protect the pole shall meet the appropriate 3 minute proof test voltage requirements contained in the ANSI J6.4-1971.
1910.268(o) - Underground lines. The provisions of this paragraph apply to the guarding of manholes and street openings, and to the ventilation and testing for gas in manholes and unvented vaults, where telecommunications field work is performed on or with underground lines.
1910.268(o)(1)(ii) - While work is being performed in the manhole, a person with basic first aid training shall be immediately available to render assistance if there is cause for believing that a safety hazard exists, and if the requirements contained in paragraphs (d)(1) and (o)(1)(i) of this section do not adequately protect the employee(s). Examples of manhole worksite hazards which shall be considered to constitute a safety hazard include, but are not limited to: [Reference paragraph (o)(1)(ii)(A) - (C)].
1910.268(o)(2)(i) - Before an employee enters a manhole, the following steps shall be taken:
- 1910.268(o)(2)(i)(A) - The internal atmosphere shall be tested for combustible gas and, except when continuous forced ventilation is provided, the atmosphere shall also be tested for oxygen deficiency.
- 1910.268(o)(2)(i)(B) - When unsafe conditions are detected by testing or other means, the work area shall be ventilated and otherwise made safe before entry.
1910.268(o)(2)(ii) - An adequate continuous supply of air shall be provided while work is performed in manholes under any of the following conditions:
- 1910.268(o)(2)(ii)(A) - Where combustible or explosive gas vapors have been initially detected and subsequently reduced to a safe level by ventilation,
- 1910.268(o)(2)(ii)(B) - Where organic solvents are used in the work procedure,
- 1910.268(o)(2)(ii)(C) - Where open flame torches are used in the work procedure.
1910.268(o)(3) - Joint power and telecommunication manholes. While work is being performed in a manhole occupied jointly by an electric utility and a telecommunication utility, an employee with basic first aid training shall be available in the immediate vicinity to render emergency assistance as may be required. The employee whose presence is required in the immediate vicinity for the purposes of rendering emergency assistance is not to be precluded from occasionally entering a manhole to provide assistance other than in an emergency. The requirement of this paragraph (o)(3) does not preclude a qualified employee, working alone, from entering for brief periods of time, a manhole where energized cables or equipment are in service, for the purpose of inspection, housekeeping, taking readings, or similar work if such work can be performed safely.
1910.268(o)(5) - Flames. When open flames are used in manholes, the following precautions shall be taken to protect against the accumulation of combustible gas:
- 1910.268(o)(5)(i) - A test for combustible gas shall be made immediately before using the open flame device, and at least once per hour while using the device.
1910.268(p)(2) - Hazardous area. Accessible areas associated with microwave communication systems where the electromagnetic radiation level exceeds the radiation protection guide given in 1910.97 - nonionizing radiation, shall be posted as described in that section. The lower half of the warning symbol shall include the following:
- Radiation in this area may exceed hazard limitations and special precautions are required. Obtain specific instruction before entering.
1910.268(p)(3) - Protective measures. When an employee works in an area where the electromagnetic radiation exceeds the radiation protection guide, the employer shall institute measures that insure that the employee's exposure is not greater than that permitted by the radiation guide. Such measures shall include, but not be limited to those of an administrative or engineering nature or those involving personal protective equipment.
1910.268(q)(1)(ii) - Employees engaged in line-clearing operations shall be instructed that: [Reference paragraph (q)(1)(ii)(A) - (D)].
1910.268(q)(1)(iii) - Before any work is performed in proximity to energized conductors, the system operator/owner of the energized conductors shall be contacted to ascertain if he knows of any hazards associated with the conductors which may not be readily apparent. This rule does not apply when operations are performed by or on behalf of, the system operator/owner.
1910.268(q)(2)(i) - Working in proximity to electrical hazards. Employers shall ensure that a close inspection is made by the employee and by the foremen or supervisor in charge before climbing, entering, or working around any tree, to determine whether an electrical power conductor passes through the tree, or passes within reaching distance of an employee working in the tree. If any of these conditions exist either directly or indirectly, an electrical hazard shall be considered to exist unless the system operator/owner has caused the hazard to be removed by deenergizing the lines, or installing protective equipment.
1910.268(q)(2)(ii) - Only qualified employees or trainees, familiar with the special techniques and hazards involved in line clearance, shall be permitted to perform the work if it is found that an electrical hazard exists.
1910.268(q)(2)(iii) - During all tree working operations aloft where an electrical hazard of more than 750V exists, there shall be a second employee or trainee qualified in line clearance tree trimming within normal voice communication.
1910.268(q)(2)(iv) - Where tree work is performed by employees qualified in line-clearance tree trimming and trainees qualified in line-clearance tree trimming, the clearances from energized conductors given in Table R-3 - Minimum Working Distances From Energized Conductors for Line-Clearance Tree Trimmers and Line-Clearance Tree-Trimmer Trainees, shall apply.
1910.268(q)(3)(i) - Since storm work and emergency conditions create special hazards, only authorized representatives of the electric utility system operator/owner and not telecommunication workers may perform tree work in these situations where energized electrical power conductors are involved.
1910.268(q)(3)(ii) - When an emergency condition develops due to tree operations, work shall be suspended and the system operator/owner shall be notified immediately.
Scope: This standard covers the operation and maintenance of electric power generation, control, transformation, transmission, and distribution lines and equipment. [Reference paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) - (E) for application (who it applies to) of the standard and paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(A) - (B) for who it does not apply to.]
Special Requirements: Qualified employees, training, competent, safety-related work practices, work rules, safety procedures, emergency procedures, inspections, energy control procedures (documented), energy control program, first aid training, supervision, proficiency, inform contract employers, advise, locks and tags (identifiable), instruct, training/retraining, certify, certificate (training), job briefing, information, authorized employee, notification, testing, calibration, monitoring program, monitoring, designated employee, manufacturer specifications, attendants, safe grounding practices, employer demonstrates, PPE, enclosed space procedures, checks, evaluation, maximum load ratings, determination, references other standards
1910.269(a)(1)(i)(E)(1) - Entire 1910.269, except paragraph (r)(1) of this section, applies to line-clearance tree trimming covered by the introductory text to paragraph (a)(1)(i)(E) of the section when performed by qualified employees (those who are knowledgeable in the construction and operation of the electric power generation, transmission, or distribution equipment involved, along with the associated hazards).
1910.269(a)(1)(iii) - This section applies in addition to all other applicable standards contained in this part 1910. Employers covered under this section are not exempt from complying with other applicable provisions in part 1910 by the operation of 1910.5(c). Specific references in this section to other sections of part 1910 are for emphasis only.
1910.269(b) - Medical services and first aid. The employer shall provide medical services and first aid as required in 1910.151 - medical services and first aid. In addition to the requirements of 1910.151, the following requirements also apply:
- 1910.269(b)(1) - First-aid training. When employees are performing work on, or associated with, exposed lines or equipment energized at 50 volts or more, persons with first-aid training shall be available as follows: [Reference paragraph (b)(1)(i) - (ii)].
1910.269(b)(2) - First-aid supplies. First-aid supplies required by 1910.151(b) - medical services and first aid, shall be placed in weatherproof containers if the supplies could be exposed to the weather.
1910.269(b)(3) - First-aid kits. The employer shall maintain each first-aid kit, shall ensure that it is readily available for use, and shall inspect it frequently enough to ensure that expended items are replaced. The employer also shall inspect each first aid kit at least once per year.
1910.269(c)(1) - Job briefing. Before each job.
- 1910.269(c)(1)(i) - In assigning an employee or a group of employees to perform a job, the employer shall provide the employee in charge of the job with all available information that relates to the determination of existing characteristics and conditions required by paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
- 1910.269(c)(1)(ii) - The employer shall ensure that the employee in charge conducts a job briefing that meets paragraphs (c)(2), (c)(3), and (c)(4) of this section with the employees involved before they start each job.
1910.269(c)(2) - Subjects to be covered. The briefing shall cover at least the following subjects: hazards associated with the job, work procedures involved, special precautions, energy-source controls, and personal protective equipment requirements.
1910.269(c)(3)(i) - If the work or operations to be performed during the work day or shift are repetitive and similar, at least one job briefing shall be conducted before the start of the first job of each day or shift.
1910.269(c)(3)(ii) - Additional job briefings shall be held if significant changes, which might affect the safety of the employees, occur during the course of the work.
1910.269(c)(4)(i) - A brief discussion is satisfactory if the work involved is routine and if the employees, by virtue of training and experience, can reasonably be expected to recognize and avoid the hazards involved in the job.
1910.269(c)(4)(ii) - A more extensive discussion shall be conducted: [Reference paragraph (c)(4)(ii)(A) - (B)].
1910.269(c)(5) - Working alone. An employee working alone need not conduct a job briefing. However, the employer shall ensure that the tasks to be performed are planned as if a briefing were required.
1910.269(d)(1) - Application. The provisions of paragraph (d) of this section apply to the use of lockout/tagout procedures for the control of energy sources in installations for the purpose of electric power generation, including related equipment for communication or metering. Locking and tagging procedures for the deenergizing of electric energy sources which are used exclusively for purposes of transmission and distribution are addressed by paragraph (m) of this section.
- Note to paragraph (d)(1): Installations in electric power generation facilities that are not an integral part of, or inextricably commingled with, power generation processes or equipment are covered under 1910.147 - the control of hazardous energy, and subpart S - electrical, of this part.
1910.269(d)(2)(i) - The employer shall establish a program consisting of energy control procedures, employee training, and periodic inspections to ensure that, before any employee performs any servicing or maintenance on a machine or equipment where the unexpected energizing, start up, or release of stored energy could occur and cause injury, the machine or equipment is isolated from the energy source and rendered inoperative.
1910.269(d)(2)(ii) - The employer's energy control program under paragraph (d)(2) of this section shall meet the following requirements: [Reference paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(A) - (C)].
1910.269(d)(2)(iv) - The procedure shall clearly and specifically outline the scope, purpose, responsibility, authorization, rules, and techniques to be applied to the control of hazardous energy, and the measures to enforce compliance including, but not limited to, the following: [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(iv)(A) - (D)].
1910.269(d)(2)(v) - The employer shall conduct a periodic inspection of the energy control procedure at least annually to ensure that the procedure and the provisions of paragraph (d) of this section are being followed. [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(v)(A) - (E)].
1910.269(d)(2)(vi) - The employer shall provide training to ensure that the purpose and function of the energy control program are understood by employees and that the knowledge and skills required for the safe application, usage, and removal of energy controls are acquired by employees. The training shall include the following: [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(vi)(A) - (C)].
1910.269(d)(2)(vii) - When tagout systems are used, employees shall also be trained in the following limitations of tags: [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(vii)(A) - (F)].
1910.269(d)(2)(viii) - Retraining shall be provided by the employer as follows: [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(viii)(A) - (C)].
1910.269(d)(2)(ix) - The employer shall certify that employee training has been accomplished and is being kept up to date. The certification shall contain each employee's name and dates of training.
1910.269(d)(3)(i) - Locks, tags, chains, wedges, key blocks, adapter pins, self-locking fasteners, or other hardware shall be provided by the employer for isolating, securing, or blocking of machines or equipment from energy sources.
1910.269(d)(3)(ii) - Lockout devices and tagout devices shall be singularly identified; shall be the only devices used for controlling energy; may not be used for other purposes; and shall meet the following requirements: [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A) - (F)].
1910.269(d)(4) - Energy isolation. Lockout and tagout device application and removal may only be performed by the authorized employees who are performing the servicing or maintenance.
1910.269(d)(5) - Notification. Affected employees shall be notified by the employer or authorized employee of the application and removal of lockout or tagout devices. Notification shall be given before the controls are applied and after they are removed from the machine or equipment.
1910.269(d)(6) - Lockout/tagout application. The established procedures for the application of energy control (the lockout or tagout procedures) shall include the following elements and actions, and these procedures shall be performed in the following sequence: [Reference paragraph (d)(6)(i) - (vii)].
1910.269(d)(7) - Release from lockout/tagout. Before lockout or tagout devices are removed and energy is restored to the machine or equipment, procedures shall be followed and actions taken by the authorized employees to ensure the following: [Reference paragraph (d)(7)(i) - (iv)].
- 1910.269(d)(8)(v)(A) - The employer shall use a procedure that affords employees a level of protection equivalent to that provided by the implementation of a personal lockout or tagout device.
- 1910.269(d)(8)(v)(B) - The system operator shall place and remove lockout and tagout devices in place of the authorized employee under paragraphs (d)(4), (d)(6)(iv), and (d)(7)(iv) of this section.
- 1910.269(d)(8)(v)(C) - Provisions shall be made to identify the authorized employee who is responsible for (that is, being protected by) the lockout or tagout device, to transfer responsibility for lockout and tagout devices, and to ensure that an authorized employee requesting removal or transfer of a lockout or tagout device is the one responsible for it before the device is removed or transferred.
1910.269 (e) - Enclosed spaces. Paragraph (e) covers enclosed spaces that may be entered by employees. It does not apply to vented vaults if the employer makes a determination that the ventilation system is operating to protect employees before they enter the space. This paragraph applies to routine entry into enclosed spaces in lieu of the permit-space entry requirements contained in paragraphs (d) through (k) of 1910.146 - permit-required confined spaces. If, after the employer takes the precautions given in paragraphs (e) and (t) of this section, the hazards remaining in the enclosed space endanger the life of an entrant or could interfere with an entrant's escape from the space, then entry into the enclosed space shall meet the permit-space entry requirements of paragraphs (d) through (k) of 1910.146 - permit-required confined spaces.
1910.269(e)(1) - Safe work practices. The employer shall ensure the use of safe work practices for entry into, and work in, enclosed spaces and for rescue of employees from such spaces.
1910.269(e)(2) -Training. Each employee who enters an enclosed space or who serves as an attendant shall be trained in the hazards of enclosed-space entry, in enclosed-space entry procedures, and in enclosed-space rescue procedures.
1910.269(e)(4) - Evaluating potential hazards. Before any entrance cover to an enclosed space is removed, the employer shall determine whether it is safe to do so by checking for the presence of any atmospheric pressure or temperature differences and by evaluating whether there might be a hazardous atmosphere in the space. Any conditions making it unsafe to remove the cover shall be eliminated before the cover is removed.
1910.269(e)(6) - Hazardous atmosphere. Employees may not enter any enclosed space while it contains a hazardous atmosphere, unless the entry conforms to the permit-required confined spaces standard in 1910.146 - permit-required confined spaces.
1910.269(e)(7) - Attendants. While work is being performed in the enclosed space, an attendant with first-aid training shall be immediately available outside the enclosed space to provide assistance if a hazard exists because of traffic patterns in the area of the opening used for entry. The attendant is not precluded from performing other duties outside the enclosed space if these duties do not distract the attendant from: monitoring employees within the space or ensuring that it is safe for employees to enter and exit the space.
1910.269(e)(8) - Calibration of test instruments. Test instruments used to monitor atmospheres in enclosed spaces shall be kept in calibration and shall have a minimum accuracy of ±10 percent.
1910.269(e)(9) - Testing for oxygen deficiency. Before an employee enters an enclosed space, the atmosphere in the enclosed space shall be tested for oxygen deficiency with a direct-reading meter or similar instrument, capable of collection and immediate analysis of data samples without the need for off-site evaluation. If continuous forced-air ventilation is provided, testing is not required provided that the procedures used ensure that employees are not exposed to the hazards posed by oxygen deficiency.
1910.269(e)(10) - Testing for flammable gases and vapors. Before an employee enters an enclosed space, the internal atmosphere shall be tested for flammable gases and vapors with a direct-reading meter or similar instrument capable of collection and immediate analysis of data samples without the need for off-site evaluation. This test shall be performed after the oxygen testing and ventilation required by paragraph (e)(9) of this section demonstrate that there is sufficient oxygen to ensure the accuracy of the test for flammability.
1910.269(e)(14) - Open flames. If open flames are used in enclosed spaces, a test for flammable gases and vapors shall be made immediately before the open flame device is used and at least once per hour while the device is used in the space. Testing shall be conducted more frequently if conditions present in the enclosed space indicate that once per hour is insufficient to detect hazardous accumulations of flammable gases or vapors.
1910.269(f) - Excavations. Excavation operations shall comply with subpart P - excavations, of part 1926 (construction) of this chapter.
1910.269(g)(1) - General. Personal protective equipment shall meet the requirements of subpart I - personal protective equipment, of this part (1910).
1910.269(g)(2)(iv)(C)(2) - Except as provided in paragraph (g)(2)(iv)(C)(3) of this section, each employee in elevated locations more than 1.2 meters (4 feet) above the ground on poles, towers, or similar structures shall use a personal fall arrest system, work-positioning equipment, or fall restraint system, as appropriate, if the employer has not provided other fall protection meeting subpart D - walking - working surfaces, of this part (1910).
1910.269(g)(2)(iv)(C)(3) - Until March 31, 2015, a qualified employee climbing or changing location on poles, towers, or similar structures need not use fall protection equipment, unless conditions, such as, but not limited to, ice, high winds, the design of the structure (for example, no provision for holding on with hands), or the presence of contaminants on the structure, could cause the employee to lose his or her grip or footing. On and after April 1, 2015, each qualified employee climbing or changing location on poles, towers, or similar structures must use fall protection equipment unless the employer can demonstrate that climbing or changing location with fall protection is infeasible or creates a greater hazard than climbing or changing location without it.
1910.269(h)(1) - General. Requirements for portable ladders contained in subpart D - walking - working surfaces, of this part (1910). of this part apply in addition to the requirements of paragraph (h) of this section, except as specifically noted in paragraph (h)(2) of this section.
1910.269(h)(2) - Special ladders and platforms. Portable ladders used on structures or conductors in conjunction with overhead line work need not meet 1910.23(c)(4) and (9). Portable ladders and platforms used on structures or conductors in conjunction with overhead line work shall meet the following requirements: [Reference paragraph (h)(2)(i) - (iv)].
1910.269(h)(3) - Conductive ladders. Portable metal ladders and other portable conductive ladders may not be used near exposed energized lines or equipment. However, in specialized high-voltage work, conductive ladders shall be used when the employer demonstrates that nonconductive ladders would present a greater hazard to employees than conductive ladders.
1910.269(i)(2) - Cord- and plug-connected equipment. Cord- and plug-connected equipment not covered by subpart S - electrical, of this part shall comply with one of the following instead of 1910.243(a)(5) - guarding of portable powered tools: [Reference paragraph (i)(2)(i) - (iii)].
1910.269(j)(1) - Design of tools. Live-line tool rods, tubes, and poles shall be designed and constructed to withstand the following minimum tests: [Reference paragraph (j)(1)(i) - (iii)].
1910.269(j)(2)(i) - Each live-line tool shall be wiped clean and visually inspected for defects before use each day.
1910.269(j)(2)(ii) - If any defect or contamination that could adversely affect the insulating qualities or mechanical integrity of the live-line tool is present after wiping, the tool shall be removed from service and examined and tested according to paragraph (j)(2)(iii) of this section before being returned to service.
1910.269(j)(2)(iii) - Live-line tools used for primary employee protection shall be removed from service every 2 years, and whenever required under paragraph (j)(2)(ii) of this section, for examination, cleaning, repair, and testing as follows: [Reference paragraph (j)(2)(iii)(A) - (E)].
1910.269(k)(1) - General. Materials handling and storage shall comply with applicable material-handling and material-storage requirements in this part, including those in subpart N of this part (1910).
1910.269(k)(2)(i) - In areas to which access is not restricted to qualified persons only, materials or equipment may not be stored closer to energized lines or exposed energized parts of equipment than the following distances, plus a distance that provides for the maximum sag and side swing of all conductors and for the height and movement of material-handling equipment: [Reference paragraph (k)(2)(i)(A) - (B)].
1910.269(k)(2)(ii) - In areas restricted to qualified employees, materials may not be stored within the working space about energized lines or equipment.
1910.269(l)(8)(v)(C) - Arc-rated protection is not necessary for the employee's head when the employee is wearing head protection meeting 1910.135 - head protection, if the estimated incident energy is less than 9 cal/cm2 for exposures involving single-phase arcs in open air or 5 cal/cm2 for other exposures,
1910.269(l)(8)(v)(D) - The protection for the employee's head may consist of head protection meeting 1910.135 - head protection, and a faceshield with a minimum arc rating of 8 cal/cm2 if the estimated incident-energy exposure is less than 13 cal/cm2 for exposures involving single-phase arcs in open air or 9 cal/cm2 for other exposures.
1910.269(l)(9) - Fuse handling. When an employee must install or remove fuses with one or both terminals energized at more than 300 volts, or with exposed parts energized at more than 50 volts, the employer shall ensure that the employee uses tools or gloves rated for the voltage. When an employee installs or removes expulsion-type fuses with one or both terminals energized at more than 300 volts, the employer shall ensure that the employee wears eye protection meeting the requirements of subpart I - personal protective equipment, of this part, uses a tool rated for the voltage, and is clear of the exhaust path of the fuse barrel.
1910.269(l)(11) - Non-current-carrying metal parts. Non-current-carrying metal parts of equipment or devices, such as transformer cases and circuit-breaker housings, shall be treated as energized at the highest voltage to which these parts are exposed, unless the employer inspects the installation and determines that these parts are grounded before employees begin performing the work.
1910.269(m)(1) - Application. Paragraph (m) of this section applies to the deenergizing of transmission and distribution lines and equipment for the purpose of protecting employees. See paragraph (d) of this section for requirements on the control of hazardous energy sources used in the generation of electric energy. Conductors and parts of electric equipment that have been deenergized under procedures other than those required by paragraph (d) or (m) of this section, as applicable, shall be treated as energized.
1910.269(m)(2)(i) - Deenergizing lines and equipment for employee protection - If a system operator is in charge of the lines or equipment and their means of disconnection, the employer shall designate one employee in the crew to be in charge of the clearance and shall comply with all of the requirements of paragraph (m)(3) of this section in the order specified.
1910.269(m)(2)(ii) - If no system operator is in charge of the lines or equipment and their means of disconnection, the employer shall designate one employee in the crew to be in charge of the clearance and to perform the functions that the system operator would otherwise perform under paragraph (m) of this section. All of the requirements of paragraph (m)(3) of this section apply, in the order specified, except as provided in paragraph (m)(2)(iii) of this section.
1910.269(m)(2)(iv)(B) - Each crew shall independently comply with paragraph (m) of this section and, if there is no system operator in charge of the lines or equipment, shall have separate tags and coordinate deenergizing and reenergizing the lines and equipment with the other crews.
1910.269(m)(3)(i) - Deenergizing lines and equipment. The employee that the employer designates pursuant to paragraph (m)(2) of this section as being in charge of the clearance shall make a request of the system operator to deenergize the particular section of line or equipment. The designated employee becomes the employee in charge (as this term is used in paragraph (m)(3) of this section) and is responsible for the clearance.
1910.269(m)(3)(iii) - The employer shall ensure that automatically and remotely controlled switches that could cause the opened disconnecting means to close are also tagged at the points of control. The employer shall render the automatic or remote control feature inoperable, unless its design does not so permit.
1910.269(m)(3)(iv) - The employer need not use the tags mentioned in paragraphs (m)(3)(ii) and (m)(3)(iii) of this section on a network protector for work on the primary feeder for the network protector's associated network transformer when the employer can demonstrate all of the following conditions:
- 1910.269(m)(3)(iv)(C) - The employer has procedures for manually overriding any network protector that incorporate provisions for determining, before anyone places a network protector in a closed position, that: The line connected to the network protector is not deenergized for the protection of any employee working on the line; and (if the line connected to the network protector is not deenergized for the protection of any employee working on the line) the primary conductors for the network protector are energized.
1910.269(m)(3)(xiii) - The employer shall ensure that no one initiates action to reenergize the lines or equipment at a point of disconnection until all protective grounds have been removed, all crews working on the lines or equipment release their clearances, all employees are clear of the lines and equipment, and all protective tags are removed from that point of disconnection.
1910.269(n)(2) - Paragraph (n) of this section applies to grounding of generation, transmission, and distribution lines and equipment for the purpose of protecting employees. General. For any employee to work transmission and distribution lines or equipment as deenergized, the employer shall ensure that the lines or equipment are deenergized under the provisions of paragraph (m) of this section and shall ensure proper grounding of the lines or equipment as specified in paragraphs (n)(3) through (n)(8) of this section. However, if the employer can demonstrate that installation of a ground is impracticable or that the conditions resulting from the installation of a ground would present greater hazards to employees than working without grounds, the lines and equipment may be treated as deenergized provided that the employer establishes that all of the following conditions apply: [Reference paragraph (n)(2)(i) - (iii)].
1910.269(n)(3) - Equipotential zone. Temporary protective grounds shall be placed at such locations and arranged in such a manner that the employer can demonstrate will prevent each employee from being exposed to hazardous differences in electric potential.
1910.269(n)(5) - Testing. The employer shall ensure that, unless a previously installed ground is present, employees test lines and equipment and verify the absence of nominal voltage before employees install any ground on those lines or that equipment.
1910.269(n)(6)(i) - The employer shall ensure that, when an employee attaches a ground to a line or to equipment, the employee attaches the ground-end connection first and then attaches the other end by means of a live-line tool. For lines or equipment operating at 600 volts or less, the employer may permit the employee to use insulating equipment other than a live-line tool if the employer ensures that the line or equipment is not energized at the time the ground is connected or if the employer can demonstrate that each employee is protected from hazards that may develop if the line or equipment is energized.
1910.269(n)(6)(ii) - The employer shall ensure that, when an employee removes a ground, the employee removes the grounding device from the line or equipment using a live-line tool before he or she removes the ground-end connection. For lines or equipment operating at 600 volts or less, the employer may permit the employee to use insulating equipment other than a live-line tool if the employer ensures that the line or equipment is not energized at the time the ground is disconnected or if the employer can demonstrate that each employee is protected from hazards that may develop if the line or equipment is energized.
1910.269(n)(8) - Removal of grounds for test. The employer may permit employees to remove grounds temporarily during tests. During the test procedure, the employer shall ensure that each employee uses insulating equipment, shall isolate each employee from any hazards involved, and shall implement any additional measures necessary to protect each exposed employee in case the previously grounded lines and equipment become energized.
1910.269(o)(1) - Application. Paragraph (o) of this section provides for safe work practices for high-voltage and high-power testing performed in laboratories, shops, and substations, and in the field and on electric transmission and distribution lines and equipment. It applies only to testing involving interim measurements using high voltage, high power, or combinations of high voltage and high power, and not to testing involving continuous measurements as in routine metering, relaying, and normal line work.
1910.269(o)(2)(i) - The employer shall establish and enforce work practices for the protection of each worker from the hazards of high-voltage or high-power testing at all test areas, temporary and permanent. Such work practices shall include, as a minimum, test area safeguarding, grounding, the safe use of measuring and control circuits, and a means providing for periodic safety checks of field test areas.
1910.269(o)(2)(ii) - The employer shall ensure that each employee, upon initial assignment to the test area, receives training in safe work practices, with retraining provided as required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
1910.269(o)(3)(i) - The employer shall provide safeguarding within test areas to control access to test equipment or to apparatus under test that could become energized as part of the testing by either direct or inductive coupling and to prevent accidental employee contact with energized parts.
1910.269(o)(3)(iii) - In field testing, or at a temporary test site not guarded by permanent fences and gates, the employer shall ensure the use of one of the following means to prevent employees without authorization from entering: [Reference paragraph (o)(3)(iii)(A) - (C)].
1910.269(o)(4)(i) - The employer shall establish and implement safe grounding practices for the test facility. [Reference paragraph (o)(4)(i) - (vi)].
1910.269(o)(5)(i) - The employer may not run control wiring, meter connections, test leads, or cables from a test area unless contained in a grounded metallic sheath and terminated in a grounded metallic enclosure or unless the employer takes other precautions that it can demonstrate will provide employees with equivalent safety.
1910.269(o)(5)(iv) - If any employee will be present in the test area during testing, a test observer shall be present. The test observer shall be capable of implementing the immediate deenergizing of test circuits for safety purposes.
1910.269(o)(6)(i) - Safety practices governing employee work at temporary or field test areas shall provide, at the beginning of each series of tests, for a routine safety check of such test areas.
1910.269(o)(6)(ii) - The test operator in charge shall conduct these routine safety checks before each series of tests and shall verify at least the following conditions: [Reference paragraph (o)(6)(ii)(A) - (F)].
1910.269(p)(1)(i) - The critical safety components of mechanical elevating and rotating equipment shall receive a thorough visual inspection before use on each shift.
1910.269(p)(4)(i) - Mechanical equipment shall be operated so that the minimum approach distances, established by the employer under paragraph (l)(3)(i) of this section, are maintained from exposed energized lines and equipment. However, the insulated portion of an aerial lift operated by a qualified employee in the lift is exempt from this requirement if the applicable minimum approach distance is maintained between the uninsulated portions of the aerial lift and exposed objects having a different electrical potential.
1910.269(p)(4)(ii) - A designated employee other than the equipment operator shall observe the approach distance to exposed lines and equipment and provide timely warnings before the minimum approach distance required by paragraph (p)(4)(i) of this section is reached, unless the employer can demonstrate that the operator can accurately determine that the minimum approach distance is being maintained.
1910.269(p)(4)(iii)(B) - The mechanical equipment shall be insulated for the voltage involved. The mechanical equipment shall be positioned so that its uninsulated portions cannot approach the energized lines or equipment any closer than the minimum approach distances, established by the employer under paragraph (l)(3)(i) of this section.
1910.269(p)(4)(iii)(C) - Each employee shall be protected from hazards that could arise from mechanical equipment contact with energized lines or equipment. The measures used shall ensure that employees will not be exposed to hazardous differences in electric potential. Unless the employer can demonstrate that the methods in use protect each employee from the hazards that could arise if the mechanical equipment contacts the energized line or equipment, the measures used shall include all of the following techniques: [Reference paragraph (p)(4)(iii)(C)(1) - (4)].
1910.269(q)(2)(iv) - Before employees install lines parallel to existing energized lines, the employer shall make a determination of the approximate voltage to be induced in the new lines, or work shall proceed on the assumption that the induced voltage is hazardous. Unless the employer can demonstrate that the lines that employees are installing are not subject to the induction of a hazardous voltage or unless the lines are treated as energized, temporary protective grounds shall be placed at such locations and arranged in such a manner that the employer can demonstrate will prevent exposure of each employee to hazardous differences in electric potential.
1910.269(q)(2)(vi) - The employer shall ensure that employees do not exceed load ratings of stringing lines, pulling lines, conductor grips, load-bearing hardware and accessories, rigging, and hoists.
1910.269(q)(2)(ix) - The employer shall ensure that employees maintain reliable communications, through two-way radios or other equivalent means, between the reel tender and the pulling-rig operator.
1910.269(q)(3)(i) - Before an employee uses or supervises the use of the live-line barehand technique on energized circuits, the employer shall ensure that the employee completes training conforming to paragraph (a)(2) of this section in the technique and in the safety requirements of paragraph (q)(3) of this section.
1910.269(q)(3)(ii) - Before any employee uses the live-line barehand technique on energized high-voltage conductors or parts, the employer shall ascertain the following information in addition to information about other existing conditions required by paragraph (a)(4) of this section: [Reference paragraph (q)(3)(ii)(A) - (C)].
1910.269(q)(3)(iii) - The employer shall ensure that the insulated equipment, insulated tools, and aerial devices and platforms used by employees are designed, tested, and made for live-line barehand work.
1910.269(q)(3)(vi) - The employer shall ensure that employees do not perform work when adverse weather conditions would make the work hazardous even after the employer implements the work practices required by this section. Additionally, employees may not perform work when winds reduce the phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground clearances at the work location below the minimum approach distances specified in paragraph (q)(3)(xiv) of this section, unless insulating guards cover the grounded objects and other lines and equipment.
1910.269(q)(3)(xiii) - The employer shall ensure that employees perform a boom-current test before starting work each day, each time during the day when they encounter a higher voltage, and when changed conditions indicate a need for an additional test. [Reference paragraph (q)(3)(xiii)(A) - (C)].
1910.269(q)(3)(xiv) - The employer shall ensure that employees maintain the minimum approach distances, established by the employer under paragraph (l)(3)(i) of this section, from all grounded objects and from lines and equipment at a potential different from that to which the live-line barehand equipment is bonded, unless insulating guards cover such grounded objects and other lines and equipment.
Scope: This standard contains requirements for the control of grain dust fires and explosions, and certain other safety hazards associated with grain handling facilities. It applies in addition to all other relevant provisions of part 1910 (or part 1917 at marine terminals).
Note: Paragraphs (a) through (n) of this section apply to grain elevators, feed mills, flour mills, rice mills, dust pelletizing plants, dry corn mills, soybean flaking operations, and the dry grinding operations of soycake. Paragraphs (o), (p), and (q) of this section apply only to grain elevators.
Grain elevator means a facility engaged in the receipt, handling, storage, and shipment of bulk raw agricultural commodities such as corn, wheat, oats, barley, sunflower seeds, and soybeans.
Special Requirements: Emergency action plan, training, procedures, measures, precautions, safety practices, authorized, hot work permits, certify permits, training, safety rules, explain, inspections, records, manufacturers' recommendations, inform, communications, observer stationed outside, locks/tags, certification records, employer demonstrates, (written) housekeeping program, references other standards
1910.272(d) - Emergency action plan. The employer shall develop and implement an emergency action plan meeting the requirements contained in 29 CFR 1910.38 - emergency action plan.
1910.272(e)(1) - The employer shall provide training to employees at least annually and when changes in job assignment will expose them to new hazards. Current employees, and new employees prior to starting work, shall be trained in at least the following:
- 1910.272(e)(1)(i) - General safety precautions associated with the facility, including recognition and preventive measures for the hazards related to dust accumulations and common ignition sources such as smoking; and,
- 1910.272(e)(1)(ii) - Specific procedures and safety practices applicable to their job tasks including but not limited to, cleaning procedures for grinding equipment, clearing procedures for choked legs, housekeeping procedures, hot work procedures, preventive maintenance procedures and lock-out/tag-out procedures.
1910.272(e)(2) - Employees assigned special tasks, such as bin entry and handling of flammable or toxic substances, shall be provided training to perform these tasks safely.
1910.272(f)(1) - The employer shall issue a permit for all hot work, with the following exceptions:
- 1910.272(f)(1)(i) - Where the employer or the employer's representative (who would otherwise authorize the permit) is present while the hot work is being performed;
- 1910.272(f)(1)(ii) - In welding shops authorized by the employer;
- 1910.272(f)(1)(iii) - In hot work areas authorized by the employer which are located outside of the grain handling structure.
- 1910.272(f)(2) - The permit shall certify that the requirements contained in 1910.252(a) - welding, cutting and brazing, general requirements, have been implemented prior to beginning the hot work operations. The permit shall be kept on file until completion of the hot work operations.
1910.272(g)(1) - The following actions shall be taken before employees enter bins, silos, or tanks:
- 1910.272(g)(1)(i) - The employer shall issue a permit for entering bins, silos, or tanks unless the employer or the employer's representative (who would otherwise authorize the permit) is present during the entire operation. The permit shall certify that the precautions contained in this paragraph [1910.272(g)] have been implemented prior to employees entering bins, silos or tanks. The permit shall be kept on file until completion of the entry operations.
- 1910.272(g)(1)(ii) - All mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, and pneumatic equipment which presents a danger to employees inside grain storage structures shall be deenergized and shall be disconnected, locked-out and tagged, blocked-off, or otherwise prevented from operating by other equally effective means or methods.
1910.272(g)(1)(iii) - The atmosphere within a bin, silo, or tank shall be tested for the presence of combustible gases, vapors, and toxic agents when the employer has reason to believe they may be present. Additionally, the atmosphere within a bin, silo, or tank shall be tested for oxygen content unless there is continuous natural air movement or continuous forced-air ventilation before and during the period employees are inside. If the oxygen level is less than 19.5%, or if combustible gas or vapor is detected in excess of 10% of the lower flammable limit, or if toxic agents are present in excess of the ceiling values listed in subpart Z of 29 CFR part 1910, or if toxic agents are present in concentrations that will cause health effects which prevent employees from effecting self-rescue or communication to obtain assistance, the following provisions apply.
- 1910.272(g)(1)(iii)(B) - If toxicity or oxygen deficiency cannot be eliminated by ventilation, employees entering the bin, silo, or tank shall wear an appropriate respirator. Respirator use shall be in accordance with the requirements of 1910.134 - respiratory protection.
1910.272(g)(2) - Whenever an employee enters a grain storage structure from a level at or above the level of the stored grain or grain products, or whenever an employee walks or stands on or in stored grain of a depth which poses an engulfment hazard, the employer shall equip the employee with a body harness with lifeline, or a boatswain's chair that meets the requirements of subpart D - walking - working surfaces of this part. The lifeline shall be so positioned, and of sufficient length, to prevent the employee from sinking further than waist-deep in the grain. Exception: Where the employer can demonstrate that the protection required by this paragraph is not feasible or creates a greater hazard, the employer shall provide an alternative means of protection which is demonstrated to prevent the employee from sinking further than waist-deep in the grain.
1910.272(g)(3) - An observer, equipped to provide assistance, shall be stationed outside the bin, silo, or tank being entered by an employee. Communications (visual, voice, or signal line) shall be maintained between the observer and employee entering the bin, silo, or tank.
1910.272(g)(5) - The employee acting as observer shall be trained in rescue procedures, including notification methods for obtaining additional assistance.
1910.272(h)(1) - Each employee who walks or stands on or in stored grain, where the depth of the grain poses an engulfment hazard, shall be equipped with a lifeline or alternative means which the employer demonstrates will prevent the employee from sinking further than waist-deep into the grain.
1910.272(h)(2)(i) - Whenever an employee walks or stands on or in stored grain or grain products of a depth which poses an engulfment hazard, all equipment which presents a danger to that employee (such as an auger or other grain transport equipment) shall be deenergized, and shall be disconnected, locked-out and tagged, blocked-off, or otherwise prevented from operating by other equally effective means or methods.
1910.272(i)(1) - The employer shall inform contractors performing work at the grain handling facility of known potential fire and explosion hazards related to the contractor's work and work area. The employer shall also inform contractors of the applicable safety rules of the facility.
1910.272(i)(2) - The employer shall explain the applicable provisions of the emergency action plan to contractors.
1910.272(j)(1) - The employer shall develop and implement a written housekeeping program that establishes the frequency and method(s) determined best to reduce accumulations of fugitive grain dust on ledges, floors, equipment, and other exposed surfaces.
1910.272(j)(2) - In addition, the housekeeping program for grain elevators shall address fugitive grain dust accumulations at priority housekeeping areas.
1910.272(j)(2)(ii) - The employer shall immediately remove any fugitive grain dust accumulations whenever they exceed ⅛ inch (.32 cm) at priority housekeeping areas, pursuant to the housekeeping program, or shall demonstrate and assure, through the development and implementation of the housekeeping program, that equivalent protection is provided.
1910.272(j)(4) - Grain and product spills shall not be considered fugitive grain dust accumulations. However, the housekeeping program shall address the procedures for removing such spills from the work area.
1910.272(m)(1) - The employer shall implement preventive maintenance procedures consisting of:
- 1910.272(m)(1)(i) - Regularly scheduled inspections of at least the mechanical and safety control equipment associated with dryers, grain stream processing equipment, dust collection equipment including filter collectors, and bucket elevators;
- 1910.272(m)(1)(ii) - Lubrication and other appropriate maintenance in accordance with manufacturers' recommendations, or as determined necessary by prior operating records.
1910.272(m)(3) - A certification record shall be maintained of each inspection, performed in accordance with this paragraph (m), containing the date of the inspection, the name of the person who performed the inspection and the serial number, or other identifier, of the equipment specified in paragraph (m)(1)(i) of this section that was inspected.
1910.272(m)(4) - The employer shall implement procedures for the use of tags and locks which will prevent the inadvertent application of energy or motion to equipment being repaired, serviced, or adjusted, which could result in employee injury. Such locks and tags shall be removed in accordance with established procedures only by the employee installing them or, if unavailable, by his or her supervisor.
1910.272(q)(3) - All bucket elevators shall be equipped with a means of access to the head pulley section to allow inspection of the head pulley, lagging, belt, and discharge throat of the elevator head. The boot section shall also be provided with a means of access for clean-out of the boot and for inspection of the boot, pulley, and belt.
1910.272(q)(7) - Paragraphs (q)(5) and (q)(6) of this section do not apply to grain elevators having a permanent storage capacity of less than one million bushels, provided that daily visual inspection is made of bucket movement and tracking of the belt.