Scope: This standard provides the requirements for machine guarding.

"Guarded" means shielded, fenced, or enclosed by covers, casings, shields, troughs, spillways or railings, or guarded by position or location. Examples of guarding methods are guarding by location (positioning hazards so they are inaccessible to employees) and point of operation guarding (using barrier guards, two-hand tripping devices, electronic safety devices, or other such devices).

Special Requirements: Marked

1917.151(e)(5) - Radial saws. The employer shall direct that employees perform ripping and ploughing against the saw turning direction. Rotation direction and an indication of the end of the saw to be used shall be conspicuously marked on the hood.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for welding, cutting and heating.

Special Requirements: Designated person, determined, designated locations, tested/test, determined, precautions, fire extinguishing equipment, instruct, assigned, person in charge, determine, tagged, distinguishable, inspected, PPE, respirators, emergency aid, communication, references other standards

"Hot work" means riveting, welding, flame cutting or other fire or spark-producing operation.

1917.152(b) - Hot work in confined spaces. Hot work shall not be performed in a confined space until a designated person has tested the atmosphere and determined that it is not hazardous.

1917.152(c) - Fire protection. [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (8)].

• 1917.152(c)(1) - To the extent possible, hot work shall be performed in designated locations that are free of fire hazards.
• 1917.152(c)(2) - When hot work must be performed in a location that is not free of fire hazards, all necessary precautions shall be taken to confine heat, sparks, and slag so that they cannot contact flammable or combustible material.
• 1917.152(c)(3) - Fire extinguishing equipment suitable for the location shall be immediately available and shall be maintained in readiness for use at all times.
• 1917.152(c)(4) - When the hot work operation is such that normal fire prevention precautions are not sufficient, additional personnel shall be assigned to guard against fire during hot work and for a sufficient time after completion of the work to ensure that no fire hazard remains. The employer shall instruct all employees involved in hot work operations as to potential fire hazards and the use of firefighting equipment.
• 1917.152(c)(6) - When openings or cracks in flooring cannot be closed, precautions shall be taken to ensure that no employees or flammable or combustible materials on the floor below are exposed to sparks dropping through the floor. Similar precautions shall be taken regarding cracks or holes in walls, open doorways and open or broken windows.
• 1917.152(c)(7) - Hot work shall not be performed:  [Reference paragraph (c)(7)(i) - (iii)].
  • 1917.152(c)(7)(ii) - On or in equipment or tanks that have contained flammable gas or liquid or combustible liquid or dust-producing material, until a designated person has tested the atmosphere inside the equipment or tanks and determined that it is not hazardous; or
  • 1917.152(c)(7)(iii) - Near any area in which exposed readily ignitable materials such as bulk sulfur, baled paper or cotton are stored. Bulk sulfur is excluded from this prohibition if suitable precautions are followed, the person in charge is knowledgeable and the person performing the work has been instructed in preventing and extinguishing sulfur fires.
  • 1917.152(c)(8)(i) - Drums, containers or hollow structures that have contained flammable or combustible substances shall either be filled with water or cleaned, and shall then be ventilated. A designated person shall test the atmosphere and determine that it is not hazardous before hot work is performed on or in such structures.

1917.152(d)(2) - Use of fuel gas. Fuel gas shall be used only as follows:

• 1917.152(d)(2)(v) - Leaking fuel gas cylinder valves shall be closed and the gland nut tightened. If the leak continues, the cylinder shall be tagged, removed from service, and moved to a location where the leak will not be hazardous. If a regulator attached to a valve stops a leak, the cylinder need not be removed from the workplace but shall be tagged and may not be used again before it is repaired; and
• 1917.152(d)(2)(vi) - If a plug or safety device leaks, the cylinder shall be tagged, removed from service, and moved to a location where the leak will not be hazardous.

1917.152(d)(3) - Hose. [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i) - (vi)].

• 1917.152(d)(3)(i) - Fuel gas and oxygen hoses shall be easily distinguishable from each other by color or sense of touch. Oxygen and fuel hoses shall not be interchangeable. Hoses having more than one gas passage shall not be used.
• 1917.152(d)(3)(iii) - Hose shall be inspected before use. Hose subjected to flashback or showing evidence of severe wear or damage shall be tested to twice the normal working pressure but not less than 200 p.s.i. (1378.96 kPa) before reuse. Defective hose shall not be used.

1917.152(d)(4)(ii) - Torches shall be inspected before each use for leaking shut-off valves, hose couplings and tip connections. Torches with such defects shall not be used.

1917.152(f)(2) - Hot work in confined spaces. Except as specified in paragraphs (f)(3)(ii) and (f)(3)(iii) of this section, when hot work is performed in a confined space the employer shall ensure that: [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(i) - (ii)].

• 1917.152(f)(2)(ii) - Employees in the space shall wear supplied air respirators in accordance with § 1910.134 - respiratory protection and a standby on the outside shall maintain communication with employees inside the space and shall be equipped and prepared to provide emergency aid.

1917.152(f)(3) - Welding, cutting or heating of toxic metals.

• 1917.152(f)(3)(i) - In confined or enclosed spaces, hot work involving the following metals shall only be performed with general mechanical or local exhaust ventilation that ensures that employees are not exposed to hazardous levels of fumes: [Reference paragraph (f)(3)(i)(A) - (C)].
• 1917.152(f)(3)(ii) - In confined or enclosed spaces, hot work involving the following metals shall only be performed with local exhaust ventilation meeting the requirements of paragraph (f)(1) of this section or by employees wearing supplied air respirators in accordance with § 1910.134 - respiratory protection;
• 1917.152(f)(3)(iii) - Employees performing hot work in confined or enclosed spaces involving beryllium-containing base or filler metals shall be protected by local exhaust ventilation and wear supplied air respirators or self-contained breathing apparatus, in accordance with the requirements of § 1910.134 - respiratory protection.
• 1917.152(f)(3)(iv) - The employer shall ensure that employees performing hot work in the open air that involves any of the metals listed in paragraphs (f)(3)(i) and (f)(3)(ii) of this section shall be protected by respirators in accordance with the requirements of § 1910.134 - respiratory protection, and those working on beryllium-containing base or filler metals shall be protected by supplied air respirators, in accordance with the requirements of§ 1910.134 - respiratory protection.
• 1917.152(f)(3)(v) - Any employee exposed to the same atmosphere as the welder or burner shall be protected by the same type of respiratory and other protective equipment as that worn by the welder or burner.

1917.152(f)(4) -  Inert-gas metal-arc welding. Employees shall not engage in and shall not be exposed to the inert-gas metal-arc welding process unless the following precautions are taken: [Reference paragraph (f)(4)(i) - (iv)].

1917.152(g) - Welding, cutting and heating on preservative coatings. [Reference paragraph (g)(1) - (3)].

• 1917.152(g)(1) - Before hot work is commenced on surfaces covered by a preservative coating of unknown flammability, a test shall be made by a designated person to determine the coating's flammability. Preservative coatings shall be considered highly flammable when scrapings burn with extreme rapidity.
• 1917.152(g)(3) - Surfaces covered with preservative coatings shall be stripped for at least 4 inches (10.16 cm) from the area of heat application or employees shall be protected by supplied air respirators in accordance with the requirements of § 1910.134 - respiratory protection of this chapter.

1917.152(h) - Protection against radiant energy.  [Reference paragraph (h)(1) - (3)].

• 1917.152(h)(1) - Employees shall be protected from radiant energy eye hazards by spectacles, cup goggles, helmets, hand shields or face shields with filter lenses complying with the requirements of this paragraph.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for spray painting.

Special Requirements: Designated areas, signs, posted, approved, references other standards

Hazardous cargo, material, substance or atmosphere means:

1. Any substance listed in 29 CFR part 1910, Subpart Z;
2. Any material in the Hazardous Materials Table and Hazardous Materials Communications Regulations of the Department of Transportation, 49 CFR part 172;
3. Any article not properly described by a name in the Hazardous Materials Table and Hazardous Materials Communications Regulations of the Department of Transportation, 49 CFR part 172 but which is properly classified under the definition of those categories of dangerous articles given in 49 CFR Part 173; or
4. Any atmosphere with an oxygen content of less than 19.5%.

1917.153(c)(6)(i) - Spraying shall be performed only in designated spray booths or spraying areas.

1917.153(c)(9) - Smoking shall be prohibited and "No Smoking" signs shall be posted in spraying and paint storage areas.

1917.153(d)(4) - Filters shall be noncombustible or of an approved type. The same filter shall not be used when spraying with different coating materials if the combination of materials may spontaneously ignite.

1917.153(d)(10) - Original closed containers, approved portable tanks, approved safety cans or a piping system shall be used to bring flammable or combustible liquids into spraying areas.

1917.153(d)(12) - Wiring, motors and equipment in a spray booth shall be of approved explosion-proof type for Class I, Group D locations and conform to Subpart S - electrical of Part 1910 of this chapter for Class I, Division 1, Hazardous Locations. Wiring, motors and equipment within 20 feet (6.1m) of any interior spraying area and not separated by vapor-tight partitions shall not produce sparks during operation and shall conform to the requirements of Subpart S - electrical, of Part 1910 of this chapter for Class I, Division 2, Hazardous Locations.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for compressed air.

Special Requirements: PPE, references other standards

Employees shall be protected by chip guarding and personal protective equipment complying with the provisions of Subpart E - personal protection, of this part during cleaning with compressed air. Compressed air used for cleaning shall not exceed a pressure of 30 psi. Compressed air shall not be used to clean employees.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for fuel handling and storage.

Special Requirements: Designated person, designated locations, 

1917.156(a) - Liquid fuel.

• 1917.156(a)(1) - Only designated persons shall conduct fueling operations.

1917.156(b) - Liquefied gas fuels.

• 1917.156(b)(1)(i) - Liquefied gas powered equipment shall be fueled only at designated locations.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for battery charging and equipment.

Special Requirements: Designated person, designated areas

1917.157(a) - Only designated persons shall change or charge batteries.

1917.157(b) - Battery charging and changing shall be performed only in areas designated by the employer.