Subpart CC - Cranes and Derricks in Construction

Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to ground conditions.

"Ground conditions" means the ability of the ground to support the equipment (including slope, compaction, and firmness).

Special Requirements: Controlling entity, manufacturer specifications, site drawings, soil analyses, site authority, discussion, A/D director, determines, references other standards

1926.1402(b) - The equipment must not be assembled or used unless ground conditions are firm, drained, and graded to a sufficient extent so that, in conjunction (if necessary) with the use of supporting materials, the equipment manufacturer's specifications for adequate support and degree of level of the equipment are met. The requirement for the ground to be drained does not apply to marshes/wetlands.

1926.1402(c) - The controlling entity must: {Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (2)].

1926.1402(d) - If there is no controlling entity for the project, the requirement in paragraph (c)(1) of this section must be met by the employer that has authority at the site to make or arrange for ground preparations needed to meet paragraph (b) of this section.

1926.1402(e) - If the A/D director or the operator determines that ground conditions do not meet the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section, that person's employer must have a discussion with the controlling entity regarding the ground preparations that are needed so that, with the use of suitable supporting materials/devices (if necessary), the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section can be met.

1926.1402(f) - This section does not apply to cranes designed for use on railroad tracks when used on railroad tracks that are part of the general railroad system of transportation that is regulated pursuant to the Federal Railroad Administration under 49 CFR part 213 and that comply with applicable Federal Railroad Administration requirements.

Scope: This standard provides the procedures for assembly/disassembly--selection of manufacturer or employer procedures.

Special Requirements: Manufacturer procedures, employer procedures, demonstrate, references other standards

When assembling or disassembling equipment (or attachments), the employer must comply with all applicable manufacturer prohibitions and must comply with either: 

• 1926.1403(a) - Manufacturer procedures applicable to assembly and disassembly, or
• 1926.1403(b) - Employer procedures for assembly and disassembly. Employer procedures may be used only where the employer can demonstrate that the procedures used meet the requirements in 1926.1406 - assembly/disassembly--employer procedures--general requirements.

Note: The employer must follow manufacturer procedures when an employer uses synthetic slings during assembly or disassembly rigging. [See 1926.1404(r) - assembly/disassembly--general requirements (applies to all assembly and disassembly operations), rigging.]

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for assembly/disassembly--general requirements (applies to all assembly and disassembly operations).

Special Requirements: Supervision, competent person, qualified person, procedures, criteria, directed, crew instructions, crew members, A/D director, review of procedures, inform, verifying, demonstrates, supervising, rated capacity limits, operator, system of communication, manufacturer limitations, determines, writing, registered professional engineer, familiar, weight components available, manufacturer instructions, manufacturer prohibitions, manufacturer procedures, manufacturer specifications, approved modifications, inspection, signal person, understand, review, references other standards    

1926.1404(a)(1) - Assembly/disassembly must be directed by a person who meets the criteria for both a competent person and a qualified person, or by a competent person who is assisted by one or more qualified persons ("A/D director").

1926.1404(a)(2) - Where the assembly/disassembly is being performed by only one person, that person must meet the criteria for both a competent person and a qualified person. For purposes of this standard, that person is considered the A/D director.

1926.1404(b) - Knowledge of procedures. The A/D director must understand the applicable assembly/disassembly procedures.

11926.1404(c) - Review of procedures. The A/D director must review the applicable assembly/disassembly procedures immediately prior to the commencement of assembly/disassembly unless the A/D director understands the procedures and has applied them to the same type and configuration of equipment (including accessories, if any).

1926.1404(d) - Crew instructions.

• 1926.1404(d)(1) - Before commencing assembly/disassembly operations, the A/D director must ensure that the crew members understand all of the following: [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (2)].

1926.1404(e)(1) - Before a crew member goes to a location that is out of view of the operator and is either in, on, or under the equipment, or near the equipment (or load) where the crew member could be injured by movement of the equipment (or load), the crew member must inform the operator that he/she is going to that location.

1926.1404(e)(2) - Where the operator knows that a crew member went to a location covered by paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the operator must not move any part of the equipment (or load) until the operator is informed in accordance with a pre-arranged system of communication that the crew member is in a safe position.

1926.1404(f)(1) - When pins (or similar devices) are being removed, employees must not be under the boom, jib, or other components, except where the requirements of paragraph (f)(2) of this section are met.

1926.1404(f)(2) - Exception. Where the employer demonstrates that site constraints require one or more employees to be under the boom, jib, or other components when pins (or similar devices) are being removed, the A/D director must implement procedures that minimize the risk of unintended dangerous movement and minimize the duration and extent of exposure under the boom. (See Non-mandatory appendix B - Assembly/Disassembly: Sample Procedures for Minimizing the Risk of Unintended Dangerous Boom Movement, of this subpart for an example.)

1926.1404(g) - Capacity limits. During all phases of assembly/disassembly, rated capacity limits for loads imposed on the equipment, equipment components (including rigging), lifting lugs and equipment accessories, must not be exceeded for the equipment being assembled/disassembled.

1926.1404(h) - Addressing specific hazards. The A/D director supervising the assembly/disassembly operation must address the hazards associated with the operation, which include: [Reference paragraph (h)(1) - (12)].

1926.1404(j) - Cantilevered boom sections. Manufacturer limitations on the maximum amount of boom supported only by cantilevering must not be exceeded. Where these are unavailable, a registered professional engineer familiar with the type of equipment involved must determine in writing this limitation, which must not be exceeded.

1926.1404(k) - Weight of components. The weight of each of the components must be readily available.

1926.1404(m)(1) - The selection of components, and configuration of the equipment, that affect the capacity or safe operation of the equipment must be in accordance with:

• 1926.1404(m)(1)(i) - Manufacturer instructions, prohibitions, limitations, and specifications. Where these are unavailable, a registered professional engineer familiar with the type of equipment involved must approve, in writing, the selection and configuration of components; or
• 1926.1404(m)(1)(ii) - Approved modifications that meet the requirements of 1926.1434 (Equipment modifications).

1926.1404(m)(2) - Post-assembly inspection. Upon completion of assembly, the equipment must be inspected to ensure compliance with paragraph (m)(1) of this section (see 1926.1412(c) for post-assembly inspection requirements).

1926.1404(q) - Outriggers and stabilizers. When the load to be handled and the operating radius require the use of outriggers or stabilizers, or at any time when outriggers or stabilizers are used, all of the following requirements must be met (except as otherwise indicated): [Reference paragraph (q)(1) - (6)].

• 1926.1404(q)(4) - Each outrigger or stabilizer must be visible to the operator or to a signal person during extension and setting.
• 1926.1404(q)(6) - For locomotive cranes, when using outriggers or stabilizers to handle loads, the manufacturer's procedures must be followed. When lifting loads without using outriggers or stabilizers, the manufacturer's procedures must be met regarding truck wedges or screws.

1926.1404(r) - Rigging. In addition to following the requirements in 29 CFR 1926.251 - rigging equipment for material handling, and other requirements in this and other standards applicable to rigging, when rigging is used for assembly/disassembly, the employer must ensure that: [Reference paragraph (r)(1) - (3)].

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for disassembly--additional requirements for dismantling of booms and jibs (applies to both the use of manufacturer procedures and employer.

Special Requirements: Procedures

Dismantling (including dismantling for changing the length of) booms and jibs. [Reference paragraph (a) - (d)].

Scope: This standard provides the general requirements for assembly/disassembly--employer procedures.

Special Requirements: Employer procedures, manufacturer procedures, qualified person

1926.1406(a) - When using employer procedures instead of manufacturer procedures for assembly/disassembly, the employer must ensure that the procedures: [Reference paragraph (a)(1) - (3)].

1926.1406(b) - Qualified person. Employer procedures must be developed by a qualified person.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for power line safety (up to 350 kV)--assembly and disassembly.

Special Requirements: Determine, confirm, utility owner/operator, posted warnings, voltage information, measures, tag lines, dedicated spotter, planning meeting, precautions, employer's request, references other standards

1926.1407(a) - Before assembling or disassembling equipment, the employer must determine if any part of the equipment, load line, or load (including rigging and lifting accessories) could get, in the direction or area of assembly/disassembly, closer than 20 feet to a power line during the assembly/disassembly process. If so, the employer must meet the requirements in Option (1), Option (2), or Option (3) of this section, as follows: [Reference paragraph (a)(1) - (3)].

1926.1407(b) - Preventing encroachment/electrocution. Where encroachment precautions are required under Option (2), or Option (3) of this section, all of the following requirements must be met: [Reference paragraph (b)(1) - (3)].

1926.1407(c) - Assembly/disassembly below power lines prohibited. No part of a crane/derrick, load line, or load (including rigging and lifting accessories), whether partially or fully assembled, is allowed below a power line unless the employer has confirmed that the utility owner/operator has deenergized and (at the worksite) visibly grounded the power line.

1926.1407(d) - Assembly/disassembly inside Table A clearance prohibited. No part of a crane/derrick, load line, or load (including rigging and lifting accessories), whether partially or fully assembled, is allowed closer than the minimum approach distance under Table A (see 1926.1408) to a power line unless the employer has confirmed that the utility owner/operator has deenergized and (at the worksite) visibly grounded the power line.

1926.1407(e) - Voltage information. Where Option (3) of this section is used, the utility owner/operator of the power lines must provide the requested voltage information within two working days of the employer's request.

1926.1407(f) - Power lines presumed energized. The employer must assume that all power lines are energized unless the utility owner/operator confirms that the power line has been and continues to be deenergized and visibly grounded at the worksite.

1926.1407(g) - Posting of electrocution warnings. There must be at least one electrocution hazard warning conspicuously posted in the cab so that it is in view of the operator and (except for overhead gantry and tower cranes) at least two on the outside of the equipment.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for power line safety (up to 350 kV)--equipment operations.

Special Requirements: Hazard assessments, identify work zones, precautions, information, warning, operators, employer demonstrates, demarcating boundaries, determine, owner/operator, dedicated spotters, confirm, measures, planning meetings, tag lines, warning lines, crew member, training, employer's request, voltage information, manufacturer's procedures, references other standards

1926.1408(a) - Hazard assessments and precautions inside the work zone. Before beginning equipment operations, the employer must: [Reference paragraph (a)(1) - (2)].

1926.1408(b) - Preventing encroachment/electrocution. Where encroachment precautions are required under Option (2) or Option (3) of this section, all of the following requirements must be met: [Reference paragraph (b)(1) - (5)].

1926.1408(c) - Voltage information. Where Option (3) of this section is used, the utility owner/operator of the power lines must provide the requested voltage information within two working days of the employer's request.

1926.1408(d)(1) - No part of the equipment, load line, or load (including rigging and lifting accessories) is allowed below a power line unless the employer has confirmed that the utility owner/operator has deenergized and (at the worksite) visibly grounded the power line, except where one of the exceptions in paragraph (d)(2) of this section applies.

1926.1408(d)(2) - Exceptions. Paragraph (d)(1) of this section is inapplicable where the employer demonstrates that one of the following applies: [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (iv)].

1926.1408(e) - Power lines presumed energized. The employer must assume that all power lines are energized unless the utility owner/operator confirms that the power line has been and continues to be deenergized and visibly grounded at the worksite.

1926.1408(g)(1) - The employer must train each operator and crew member assigned to work with the equipment on all of the following: [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (v)].

1926.1408(g)(2) - Employees working as dedicated spotters must be trained to enable them to effectively perform their task, including training on the applicable requirements of this section.

1926.1408(g)(3) - Training under this section must be administered in accordance with 1926.1430(g) - training, training administration.

1926.1408(h) - Devices originally designed by the manufacturer for use as: A safety device (see 1926.1415), operational aid, or a means to prevent power line contact or electrocution, when used to comply with this section, must meet the manufacturer's procedures for use and conditions of use.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for power line safety (over 350 kV).

Special Requirements: Registered professional engineer, clearance, utility owner/operator, qualified person, references other standards

The requirements of 1926.1407 - Power line safety (up to 350 kV)--assembly and disassembly and 1926.1408 - Power line safety (up to 350 kV)--equipment operations apply to power lines over 350 kV except:

• 1926.1409(a) - For power lines at or below 1000 kV, wherever the distance “20 feet” is specified, the distance “50 feet” must be substituted; and
• 1926.1409(b) - For power lines over 1000 kV, the minimum clearance distance must be established by the utility owner/operator or registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical power transmission and distribution.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for power line safety (all voltages)--equipment operations closer than the Table A zone.

Special Requirements: Planning meeting, review, minimum approach distances, employer determines, employer demonstrates, utility owner/operator, qualified person, registered professional engineer, consultation, person identified, authority, manufacturer's procedures, equipment operator, trained, documented, dedicated spotter, procedures, references other standards

Equipment operations in which any part of the equipment, load line, or load (including rigging and lifting accessories) is closer than the minimum approach distance under Table A of 1926.1408 - Power line safety (up to 350 kV)--equipment operations, to an energized power line is prohibited, except where the employer demonstrates that all of the following requirements are met:

• 1926.1410(a) - The employer determines that it is infeasible to do the work without breaching the minimum approach distance under Table A of 1926.1408 - Power line safety (up to 350 kV)--equipment operations,.
• 1926.1410(b) - The employer determines that, after consultation with the utility owner/operator, it is infeasible to deenergize and ground the power line or relocate the power line.
• 1926.1410(c)(1) - The power line owner/operator or registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical power transmission and distribution determines the minimum clearance distance that must be maintained to prevent electrical contact in light of the on-site conditions. The factors that must be considered in making this determination include, but are not limited to: Conditions affecting atmospheric conductivity; time necessary to bring the equipment, load line, and load (including rigging and lifting accessories) to a complete stop; wind conditions; degree of sway in the power line; lighting conditions, and other conditions affecting the ability to prevent electrical contact.
• 1926.1410(c)(2) - Paragraph (c)(1) of this section does not apply to work covered by subpart V - electric power transmission and distribution, of this part; instead, for such work, the minimum approach distances established by the employer under 1926.960(c)(1)(i) - Working on or near exposed energized parts, apply.

1926.1410(d) - A planning meeting with the employer and utility owner/operator (or registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical power transmission and distribution) is held to determine the procedures that will be followed to prevent electrical contact and electrocution. At a minimum these procedures must include: [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (12)].

1926.1410(e) - The procedures developed to comply with paragraph (d) of this section are documented and immediately available on-site.

1926.1410(f) - The equipment user and utility owner/operator (or registered professional engineer) meet with the equipment operator and the other workers who will be in the area of the equipment or load to review the procedures that will be implemented to prevent breaching the minimum approach distance established in paragraph (c) of this section and prevent electrocution.

1926.1410(g) - The procedures developed to comply with paragraph (d) of this section are implemented.

1926.1410(h) - The utility owner/operator (or registered professional engineer) and all employers of employees involved in the work must identify one person who will direct the implementation of the procedures. The person identified in accordance with this paragraph must direct the implementation of the procedures and must have the authority to stop work at any time to ensure safety.

1926.1410(j) - If a problem occurs implementing the procedures being used to comply with paragraph (d) of this section, or indicating that those procedures are inadequate to prevent electrocution, the employer must safely stop operations and either develop new procedures to comply with paragraph (d) of this section or have the utility owner/operator deenergize and visibly ground or relocate the power line before resuming work.

1926.1410(k) - Devices originally designed by the manufacturer for use as a safety device (see 1926.1415), operational aid, or a means to prevent power line contact or electrocution, when used to comply with this section, must comply with the manufacturer's procedures for use and conditions of use.

1926.1410(m) - The employer must train each operator and crew member assigned to work with the equipment in accordance with 1926.1408(g) - power line safety (up to 350 kV)--equipment operations.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for power line safety—while traveling under or near power lines with no load.

Special Requirements: Clearances, procedures, dedicated spotter, measures, references other standards

1926.1411(a) - This section establishes procedures and criteria that must be met for equipment traveling under or near a power line on a construction site with no load. Equipment traveling on a construction site with a load is governed by 1926.1408 - Power line safety (up to 350 kV)--equipment operations, 1926.1409 - Power line safety (over 350 kV) or 1926.1410 - Power line safety (all voltages)--equipment operations closer than the Table A zone, whichever is appropriate, and 1926.1417(u) - operation, traveling with load.

1926.1411(b)(2) - The clearances specified in Table T of this section are maintained.

1926.1411(b)(3) - The effects of speed and terrain on equipment movement (including movement of the boom/mast) are considered so that those effects do not cause the minimum clearance distances specified in Table T of this section to be breached.

1926.1411(b)(4) - Dedicated spotter. If any part of the equipment while traveling will get closer than 20 feet to the power line, the employer must ensure that a dedicated spotter who is in continuous contact with the driver/operator is used. The dedicated spotter must: [Reference paragraph (b)(4)(i) - (iii)].

1926.1411(b)(5) - Additional precautions for traveling in poor visibility. When traveling at night, or in conditions of poor visibility, in addition to the measures specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section, the employer must ensure that: [Reference paragraph (b)(5)(i) - (ii)].

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for inspections.

Special Requirements: Inspections, inspect, rated capacity, qualified person, documented, monitored, information, warning labels, name and signature, manufacturer procedures, manufacturer equipment criteria, checked, corrective action, demonstrates, competent person, approval, testing, references other standards

1926.1412(a)(1) - Equipment that has had modifications or additions which affect the safe operation of the equipment (such as modifications or additions involving a safety device or operational aid, critical part of a control system, power plant, braking system, load-sustaining structural components, load hook, or in-use operating mechanism) or capacity must be inspected by a qualified person after such modifications/additions have been completed, prior to initial use. The inspection must meet all of the following requirements:

• 1926.1412(a)(1)(i) - The inspection must assure that the modifications or additions have been done in accordance with the approval obtained pursuant to 1926.1434 (Equipment modifications).
• 1926.1412(a)(1)(ii) - The inspection must include functional testing of the equipment.

1926.1412(a)(2) - Equipment must not be used until an inspection under this paragraph demonstrates that the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section have been met.

1926.1412(b)(1) - Equipment that has had a repair or adjustment that relates to safe operation (such as: A repair or adjustment to a safety device or operator aid, or to a critical part of a control system, power plant, braking system, load-sustaining structural components, load hook, or in-use operating mechanism), must be inspected by a qualified person after such a repair or adjustment has been completed, prior to initial use. The inspection must meet all of the following requirements: [Reference paragraph (b)(1)(i) - (iii)].

1926.1412(b)(4) - Equipment must not be used until an inspection under this paragraph demonstrates that the repair/adjustment meets the requirements of paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section (or, where applicable, paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section).

1926.1412(c)(1) - Upon completion of assembly, the equipment must be inspected by a qualified person to assure that it is configured in accordance with manufacturer equipment criteria.

1926.1412(c)(2) - Where manufacturer equipment criteria are unavailable, a qualified person must: [Reference paragraph (c)(2)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1412(c)(3) - Equipment must not be used until an inspection under this paragraph demonstrates that the equipment is configured in accordance with the applicable criteria.

1926.1412(d)(1) - A competent person must begin a visual inspection prior to each shift the equipment will be used, which must be completed before or during that shift. The inspection must consist of observation for apparent deficiencies. Taking apart equipment components and booming down is not required as part of this inspection unless the results of the visual inspection or trial operation indicate that further investigation necessitating taking apart equipment components or booming down is needed. Determinations made in conducting the inspection must be reassessed in light of observations made during operation. At a minimum the inspection must include all of the following: [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (xiv)].

1926.1412(d)(2) - If any deficiency in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (xiii) of this section (or in additional inspection items required to be checked for specific types of equipment in accordance with other sections of this standard) is identified, an immediate determination must be made by the competent person as to whether the deficiency constitutes a safety hazard. If the deficiency is determined to constitute a safety hazard, the equipment must be taken out of service until it has been corrected. See 1926.1417 - operation.

1926.1412(d)(3) - If any deficiency in paragraph (d)(1)(xiv) of this section (safety devices/operational aids) is identified, the action specified in 1926.1415 - safety devices, and 1926.1416 - operational aids must be taken prior to using the equipment.

1926.1412(e)(1) - Each month the equipment is in service it must be inspected in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section (each shift).

1926.1412(e)(2) - Equipment must not be used until an inspection under this paragraph demonstrates that no corrective action under paragraphs (d)(2) and (3) of this section is required.

1926.1412(e)(3)(i) - The following information must be documented and maintained by the employer that conducts the inspection: [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1412(f)(1)  - At least every 12 months the equipment must be inspected by a qualified person in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section (each shift) except that the corrective action set forth in paragraphs (f)(4), (f)(5), and (f)(6) of this section must apply in place of the corrective action required by paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3) of this section.

1926.1412(f)(2) - In addition, at least every 12 months, the equipment must be inspected by a qualified person. Disassembly is required, as necessary, to complete the inspection. The equipment must be inspected for all of the following: [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(i) - (xxi)].

1926.1412(f)(3) - This inspection must include functional testing to determine that the equipment as configured in the inspection is functioning properly.

1926.1412(f)(4) - If any deficiency is identified, an immediate determination must be made by the qualified person as to whether the deficiency constitutes a safety hazard or, though not yet a safety hazard, needs to be monitored in the monthly inspections.

1926.1412(f)(5) - If the qualified person determines that a deficiency is a safety hazard, the equipment must be taken out of service until it has been corrected, except when temporary alternative measures are implemented as specified in 1926.1416(d) - operational aids, or 1926.1435(e) - tower cranes. See 1926.1417 - operation.

1926.1412(f)(6) - If the qualified person determines that, though not presently a safety hazard, the deficiency needs to be monitored, the employer must ensure that the deficiency is checked in the monthly inspections.

1926.1412(f)(7) - Documentation of annual/comprehensive inspection. The following information must be documented, maintained, and retained for a minimum of 12 months, by the employer that conducts the inspection: [Reference paragraph (f)(7)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1412(g) - Severe service. Where the severity of use/conditions is such that there is a reasonable probability of damage or excessive wear (such as loading that may have exceeded rated capacity, shock loading that may have exceeded rated capacity, prolonged exposure to a corrosive atmosphere), the employer must stop using the equipment and a qualified person must: [Reference paragraph (g)(1) - (3)].

1926.1412(h) - Equipment not in regular use. Equipment that has been idle for 3 months or more must be inspected by a qualified person in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (e) (Monthly) of this section before initial use.

1926.1412(j) - Any part of a manufacturer's procedures regarding inspections that relate to safe operation (such as to a safety device or operational aid, critical part of a control system, power plant, braking system, load-sustaining structural components, load hook, or in-use operating mechanism) that is more comprehensive or has a more frequent schedule of inspection than the requirements of this section must be followed.

1926.1412(k) - All documents produced under this section must be available, during the applicable document retention period, to all persons who conduct inspections under this section.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for inspecting wire ropes.

Special Requirements: Shift inspections, competent person, documented, documents, corrective action, visual inspections, determination, qualified person, demonstrates, references other standards

1926.1413(a) - Shift inspection.

• 1926.1413(a)(1) - A competent person must begin a visual inspection prior to each shift the equipment is used, which must be completed before or during that shift. The inspection must consist of observation of wire ropes (running and standing) that are likely to be in use during the shift for apparent deficiencies, including those listed in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. Untwisting (opening) of wire rope or booming down is not required as part of this inspection. [Reference paragraph (a)(1) - (3)].
• 1926.1413(a)(4)(i) - If a deficiency in Category I (see paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section) is identified, an immediate determination must be made by the competent person as to whether the deficiency constitutes a safety hazard. If the deficiency is determined to constitute a safety hazard, operations involving use of the wire rope in question must be prohibited until: [Reference paragraph (a)(4)(i) - (iv)].

1926.1413(b) - Monthly inspection.

• 1926.1413(b)(1) - Each month an inspection must be conducted in accordance with paragraph (a) (shift inspection) of this section.
• 1926.1413(b)(2) - The inspection must include any deficiencies that the qualified person who conducts the annual inspection determines under paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section must be monitored.
• 1926.1413(b)(3) - Wire ropes on equipment must not be used until an inspection under this paragraph demonstrates that no corrective action under paragraph (a)(4) of this section is required.
• 1926.1413(b)(4) - The inspection must be documented according to 1926.1412(e)(3) (monthly inspection documentation).

1926.1413(c) - Annual/comprehensive.

• 1926.1413(c)(1) - At least every 12 months, wire ropes in use on equipment must be inspected by a qualified person in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section (shift inspection).
• 1926.1413(c)(2) - In addition, at least every 12 months, the wire ropes in use on equipment must be inspected by a qualified person, as follows: [Reference paragraph (c)(2)(i) - (iii)].
• 1926.1413(c)(3) - If a deficiency is identified, an immediate determination must be made by the qualified person as to whether the deficiency constitutes a safety hazard. [Reference paragraph (c)(3)(i) - (ii)].
• 1926.1413(c)(4) - The inspection must be documented according to 1926.1412(f)(7) (annual/comprehensive inspection documentation).

1926.1413(e) - All documents produced under this section must be available, during the applicable document retention period, to all persons who conduct inspections under this section.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for wire rope selection and criteria.

Special Requirements: Qualified person, wire rope manufacturer, design factor, rated capacity, inspect, approves (in writing), inspection documents, recorded, recommendations, determines, manufacturer instructions, references other standards

1926.1414(a) - Original equipment wire rope and replacement wire rope must be selected and installed in accordance with the requirements of this section. Selection of replacement wire rope must be in accordance with the recommendations of the wire rope manufacturer, the equipment manufacturer, or a qualified person.

1926.1414(e)(2)(iii) -  Type I must have an operating design factor of no less than 5, except where the wire rope manufacturer and the equipment manufacturer approves the design factor, in writing.

1926.1414(e)(3) - When Types II and III with an operating design factor of less than 5 are used (for non-duty cycle, non-repetitive lifts), the following requirements must be met for each lifting operation:

• 1926.1414(e)(3)(i) - A qualified person must inspect the rope in accordance with 1926.1413(a). The rope must be used only if the qualified person determines that there are no deficiencies constituting a hazard. In making this determination, more than one broken wire in any one rope lay must be considered a hazard.
• 1926.1414(e)(3)(iii) - Each lift made under 1926.1414(e)(3) must be recorded in the monthly and annual inspection documents. Such prior uses must be considered by the qualified person in determining whether to use the rope again.

1926.1414(e)(4) - Additional requirements for rotation resistant ropes for boom hoist reeving.

• 1926.1414(e)(4)(ii)(B) - The requirements in 1926.1426(a) - operational aids, (irrespective of the date of manufacture of the equipment), and 1926.1426(b) - operational aids.
• 1926.1414(e)(4)(ii)(C) - The requirements in ASME B30.5-2004 sections 5-1.3.2(a), (a)(2) through (a)(4), (b) and (d) [incorporated by reference, see 1926.6) except that the minimum pitch diameter for sheaves used in multiple rope reeving is 18 times the nominal diameter of the rope used (instead of the value of 16 specified in section 5-1.3.2(d)].
• 1926.1414(e)(4)(ii)(F) - The operating design factor for these ropes must be the total minimum breaking force of all parts of rope in the system divided by the load imposed on the rope system when supporting the static weights of the structure and the load within the equipment's rated capacity.
• 1926.1414(e)(4)(ii)(G) - When provided, a power-controlled lowering system must be capable of handling rated capacities and speeds as specified by the manufacturer.

1926.1414(g) - Socketing must be done in the manner specified by the manufacturer of the wire rope or fitting.

1926.1414(h) - Prior to cutting a wire rope, seizings must be placed on each side of the point to be cut. The length and number of seizings must be in accordance with the wire rope manufacturer's instructions.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for safety devices.

Special Requirements:  Tagged-out, taken out of service, alternative measures, references other standards

1926.1415(a)(1)(ii) - If a built-in crane level indicator is not working properly, it must be tagged-out or removed. If a removable crane level indicator is not working properly, it must be removed.

1926.1415(a)(7)(ii) - If a built-in horn is not working properly, it must be tagged-out or removed. If a removable horn is not working properly, it must be removed.

1926.1415(b) - Proper operation required. Operations must not begin unless all of the devices listed in this section are in proper working order. If a device stops working properly during operations, the operator must safely stop operations. If any of the devices listed in this section are not in proper working order, the equipment must be taken out of service and operations must not resume until the device is again working properly. See 1926.1417 (Operation). Alternative measures are not permitted to be used.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for operational aids.

Special Requirements: Measures, mark, spotter, methods, determined, manufacturer procedures, operator, verify, measuring, calculate, rated capacity, information, references other standards

1926.1416(b) - Operations must not begin unless the listed operational aids are in proper working order, except where an operational aid is being repaired the employer uses the specified temporary alternative measures. The time periods permitted for repairing defective operational aids are specified in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section. More protective alternative measures specified by the crane/derrick manufacturer, if any, must be followed.

1926.1416(c) - If a listed operational aid stops working properly during operations, the operator must safely stop operations until the temporary alternative measures are implemented or the device is again working properly. If a replacement part is no longer available, the use of a substitute device that performs the same type of function is permitted and is not considered a modification under 1926.1434 - equipment modifications.

1926.1416(d) - Category I operational aids and alternative measures. Operational aids listed in this paragraph that are not working properly must be repaired no later than 7 calendar days after the deficiency occurs. Exception: If the employer documents that it has ordered the necessary parts within 7 calendar days of the occurrence of the deficiency, the repair must be completed within 7 calendar days of receipt of the parts. See 1926.1417(j) - operation, for additional requirements.

• 1926.1416(d)(1)(i) - For equipment manufactured after December 16, 1969, a boom hoist limiting device is required. Temporary alternative measures (use at least one). One or more of the following methods must be used: [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (ii)].

• 1926.1416(d)(2) - Luffing jib limiting device. Equipment with a luffing jib must have a luffing jib limiting device. Temporary alternative measures are the same as in paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section, except to limit the movement of the luffing jib rather than the boom hoist.

• 1926.1416(d)(3)(i) - Telescopic boom cranes manufactured after February 28, 1992, must be equipped with a device which automatically prevents damage from contact between the load block, overhaul ball, or similar component, and the boom tip (or fixed upper block or similar component). The device(s) must prevent such damage at all points where two-blocking could occur.
  
  Temporary alternative measures: Clearly mark the cable (so that it can easily be seen by the operator) at a point that will give the operator sufficient time to stop the hoist to prevent two-blocking, and use a spotter when extending the boom.

  • 1926.1416(d)(3)(ii)(D) - Temporary alternative measures. Clearly mark the cable (so that it can easily be seen by the operator) at a point that will give the operator sufficient time to stop the hoist to prevent two-blocking, or use a spotter.

1926.1416(e)(1) - Boom angle or radius indicator. The equipment must have a boom angle or radius indicator readable from the operator's station. Temporary alternative measures: Radii or boom angle must be determined by measuring the radii or boom angle with a measuring device.

1926.1416(e)(3) - Boom length indicator if the equipment has a telescopic boom, except where the rated capacity is independent of the boom length. Temporary alternative measures. One or more of the following methods must be used:

• 1926.1416(e)(3)(i) - Mark the boom with measured marks to calculate boom length,
• 1926.1416(e)(3)(ii) - Calculate boom length from boom angle and radius measurements,
• 1926.1416(e)(3)(iii) - Measure the boom with a measuring device.

1926.1416(e)(4)(i) - Equipment (other than derricks and articulating cranes) manufactured after March 29, 2003 with a rated capacity over 6,000 pounds must have at least one of the following: load weighing device, load moment (or rated capacity) indicator, or load moment (or rated capacity) limiter. Temporary alternative measures: The weight of the load must be determined from a source recognized by the industry (such as the load's manufacturer) or by a calculation method recognized by the industry (such as calculating a steel beam from measured dimensions and a known per foot weight). This information must be provided to the operator prior to the lift.

1926.1416(e)(4)(ii) - Articulating cranes manufactured after November 8, 2011 must have at least one of the following: automatic overload prevention device, load weighing device, load moment (or rated capacity) indicator, or load moment (rated capacity) limiter. Temporary alternative measures: The weight of the load must be determined from a source recognized by the industry (such as the load's manufacturer) or by a calculation method recognized by the industry (such as calculating a steel beam from measured dimensions and a known per foot weight). This information must be provided to the operator prior to the lift.

1926.1416(e)(5)(i) - Outrigger/stabilizer position (horizontal beam extension) sensor/monitor if the equipment has outriggers or stabilizers. Temporary alternative measures: The operator must verify that the position of the outriggers or stabilizers is correct (in accordance with manufacturer procedures) before beginning operations requiring outrigger or stabilizer deployment. 

1926.1416(e)(5)(ii) - Hoist drum rotation indicator if the equipment has a hoist drum not visible from the operator's station. Temporary alternative measures: Mark the drum to indicate the rotation of the drum. In addition, install mirrors or remote video cameras and displays if necessary for the operator to see the mark.

Scope: This standard provides operation requirements.

Special Requirements: Procedures, capacity, registered professional engineer, develop, notices, tags/tagged, verify, manufacturer specifications, manufacturer recommendations, competent person, qualified person, operator, writing, inform, designated, information, warnings, instructions, operator's manual, signal communications, person authorized, sign, storm warning, determine, professional judgement, signal person, alternative measures, notify, references other standards

1926.1417(a) - The employer must comply with all manufacturer procedures applicable to the operational functions of equipment, including its use with attachments.

1926.1417(b)(1) - Where the manufacturer procedures are unavailable, the employer must develop and ensure compliance with all procedures necessary for the safe operation of the equipment and attachments.

1926.1417(b)(2) - Procedures for the operational controls must be developed by a qualified person.

1926.1417(b)(3) - Procedures related to the capacity of the equipment must be developed and signed by a registered professional engineer familiar with the equipment.

1926.1417(c)(1) - The procedures applicable to the operation of the equipment, including rated capacities (load charts), recommended operating speeds, special hazard i, must be readily available in the cab at all times for use by the operator.

1926.1417(c)(2) - Where rated capacities are available in the cab only in electronic form: In the event of a failure which makes the rated capacities inaccessible, the operator must immediately cease operations or follow safe shut-down procedures until the rated capacities (in electronic or other form) are available.

1926.1417(d) - The operator must not engage in any practice or activity that diverts his/her attention while actually engaged in operating the equipment, such as the use of cellular phones (other than when used for signal communications).

1926.1417(e)(1) - The operator must not leave the controls while the load is suspended, except where all of the following are met:

• 1926.1417(e)(1)(i) - The operator remains adjacent to the equipment and is not engaged in any other duties.
• 1926.1417(e)(1)(iii) - The competent person determines that it is safe to do so and implements measures necessary to restrain the boom hoist and telescoping, load, swing, and outrigger or stabilizer functions.
• 1926.1417(e)(1)(iv) - Barricades or caution lines, and notices, are erected to prevent all employees from entering the fall zone. No employees, including those listed in 1926.1425(b)(1) - keeping clear of the load, through (3), 1926.1425(d) or 1926.1425(e), are permitted in the fall zone.

1926.1417(e)(2) - The provisions in 1926.1417(e)(1) do not apply to working gear (such as slings, spreader bars, ladders, and welding machines) where the weight of the working gear is negligible relative to the lifting capacity of the equipment as positioned, and the working gear is suspended over an area other than an entrance or exit.

1926.1417(f)(1) - Tagging out of service equipment/functions. Where the employer has taken the equipment out of service, a tag must be placed in the cab stating that the equipment is out of service and is not to be used. Where the employer has taken a function(s) out of service, a tag must be placed in a conspicuous position stating that the function is out of service and is not to be used.

1926.1417(f)(2)(i) - If there is a warning (tag-out or maintenance/do not operate) sign on the equipment or starting control, the operator must not activate the switch or start the equipment until the sign has been removed by a person authorized to remove it, or until the operator has verified that: [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(i)(A) - (B)].

1926.1417(f)(2)(ii) - If there is a warning (tag-out or maintenance/do not operate) sign on any other switch or control, the operator must not activate that switch or control until the sign has been removed by a person authorized to remove it, or until the operator has verified that the requirements in paragraphs (f)(2)(i)(A) and (B) of this section have been met.

1926.1417(g) - Before starting the engine, the operator must verify that all controls are in the proper starting position and that all personnel are in the clear.

1926.1417(h) - Storm warning. When a local storm warning has been issued, the competent person must determine whether it is necessary to implement manufacturer recommendations for securing the equipment.

1926.1417(j)(1) - The operator must, in writing, promptly inform the person designated by the employer to receive such information and, where there are successive shifts, to the next operator; and

1926.1417(j)(2) - The employer must notify all affected employees, at the beginning of each shift, of the necessary adjustments or repairs and all alternative measures.

1926.1417(k) - Safety devices and operational aids must not be used as a substitute for the exercise of professional judgment by the operator.

1926.1417(m) - If the competent person determines that there is a slack rope condition requiring re-spooling of the rope, it must be verified (before starting to lift) that the rope is seated on the drum and in the sheaves as the slack is removed.

1926.1417(n) - The competent person must adjust the equipment and/or operations to address the effect of wind, ice, and snow on equipment stability and rated capacity.

1926.1417(o)(1) - The equipment must not be operated in excess of its rated capacity.

1926.1417(o)(2) - The operator must not be required to operate the equipment in a manner that would violate paragraph (o)(1) of this section.

1926.1417(o)(3) - Load weight. The operator must verify that the load is within the rated capacity of the equipment by at least one of the following methods: [Reference paragraph (o)(3)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1417(u)(1) - Traveling with a load is prohibited if the practice is prohibited by the manufacturer.

1926.1417(u)(2) - Where traveling with a load, the employer must ensure that:

• 1926.1417(u)(2)(i) - A competent person supervises the operation, determines if it is necessary to reduce rated capacity, and makes determinations regarding load position, boom location, ground support, travel route, overhead obstructions, and speed of movement necessary to ensure safety.
• 1926.1417(u)(2)(ii) - The determinations of the competent person required in paragraph (u)(2)(i) of this section are implemented.
• 1926.1417(u)(2)(iii) - For equipment with tires, tire pressure specified by the manufacturer is maintained.

1926.1417(y) - Anyone who becomes aware of a safety problem must alert the operator or signal person by giving the stop or emergency stop signal. (Note: 1926.1417(y) requires the operator to obey a stop or emergency stop signal).

1926.1417(z) - Swinging locomotive cranes. A locomotive crane must not be swung into a position where railway cars on an adjacent track could strike it, until it is determined that cars are not being moved on the adjacent track and that proper flag protection has been established.

1926.1417(aa)(1)(i) - Equipment must not be operated without the counterweight or ballast in place as specified by the manufacturer.

1926.1417(aa)(1)(ii) - The maximum counterweight or ballast specified by the manufacturer for the equipment must not be exceeded.

1926.1417(aa)(2) - Counterweight/ballast requirements for tower cranes are specified in 1926.1435(b)(8) - tower cranes, counterweight/ballast.

Scope: This standard provides the authority to stop operation.

Special Requirements: Operator, authority, qualified person, determined

Whenever there is a concern as to safety, the operator must have the authority to stop and refuse to handle loads until a qualified person has determined that safety has been assured.

Scope: This standard provides the general requirements for signals.

Special Requirements: Signal person, signals, operator, lift director, standard method, non-standard hand signals, employer demonstrates, directions, communication, system, method

1926.1419(a) - A signal person must be provided in each of the following situations:[Reference paragraph (a)(1) - (3)].

1926.1419(b) - Types of signals. Signals to operators must be by hand, voice, audible, or new signals.

1926.1419(c)(1) - When using hand signals, the Standard Method must be used (see appendix A of this subpart). Exception: Where use of the Standard Method for hand signals is infeasible, or where an operation or use of an attachment is not covered in the Standard Method, non-standard hand signals may be used in accordance with paragraph (c)(2) of this section.

1926.1419(c)(2) - Non-standard hand signals. When using non-standard hand signals, the signal person, operator, and lift director (where there is one) must contact each other prior to the operation and agree on the non-standard hand signals that will be used.

1926.1419(d) - New signals. Signals other than hand, voice, or audible signals may be used where the employer demonstrates that: [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (2)].

1926.1419(e) - Suitability. The signals used (hand, voice, audible, or new), and means of transmitting the signals to the operator (such as direct line of sight, video, radio, etc.), must be appropriate for the site conditions.

1926.1419(f) - During operations requiring signals, the ability to transmit signals between the operator and signal person must be maintained. If that ability is interrupted at any time, the operator must safely stop operations requiring signals until it is reestablished and a proper signal is given and understood.

1926.1419(g) - If the operator becomes aware of a safety problem and needs to communicate with the signal person, the operator must safely stop operations. Operations must not resume until the operator and signal person agree that the problem has been resolved.

1926.1419(h) - Only one person may give signals to a crane/derrick at a time, except in circumstances covered by paragraph (j) of this section.

1926.1419(j) - Anyone who becomes aware of a safety problem must alert the operator or signal person by giving the stop or emergency stop signal. (NOTE: 1926.1417(y) - operation, requires the operator to obey a stop or emergency stop signal).

1926.1419(k) - All directions given to the operator by the signal person must be given from the operator's direction perspective.

1926.1419(m) - Communication with multiple cranes/derricks. Where a signal person(s) is in communication with more than one crane/derrick, a system must be used for identifying the crane/derrick each signal is for, as follows:

• 1926.1419(m)(1) - for each signal, prior to giving the function/direction, the signal person must identify the crane/derrick the signal is for, or
• 1926.1419(m)(2) - must use an equally effective method of identifying which crane/derrick the signal is for.

Scope: This standard provides for radio, telephone or other electronic transmission of signals.

Special Requirements: Signals, tested, operator, hands-free system

1926.1420(a) - The device(s) used to transmit signals must be tested on site before beginning operations to ensure that the signal transmission is effective, clear, and reliable.

1926.1420(b) - Signal transmission must be through a dedicated channel, except: [Reference paragraph (b)(1) - (2)].

1926.1420(c) - The operator's reception of signals must be by a hands-free system.

Scope: This standard provides additional requirements for voice signals.

Special Requirements: Operator, signal person, lift director, voice signals, communicate

1926.1421(a) - Prior to beginning operations, the operator, signal person and lift director (if there is one), must contact each other and agree on the voice signals that will be used. Once the voice signals are agreed upon, these workers need not meet again to discuss voice signals unless another worker is added or substituted, there is confusion about the voice signals, or a voice signal is to be changed.

1926.1421(b) - Each voice signal must contain the following three elements, given in the following order: function (such as hoist, boom, etc.), direction; distance and/or speed; function, stop command.

1926.1421(c) - The operator, signal person and lift director (if there is one), must be able to effectively communicate in the language used.

Scope: This standard provides signals using  a hand signal chart.

Special Requirements: Hand signal charts, posted

Hand signal charts must be either posted on the equipment or conspicuously posted in the vicinity of the hoisting operations.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for fall protection.

Special Requirements: Fall protection equipment, equipment operator, personal fall arrest system, fall restraint systems, competent person, inspection, maximum load, informed, determination, qualified person, engineering analysis, training, references other standards

1926.1423(c)(1) - Section 1926.502(b) - Fall protection systems criteria and practices, guardrail systems, does not apply to equipment covered by this subpart.

1926.1423(c)(3)(i) - Steps, handholds, ladders and guardrails/railings/grabrails must meet the criteria of SAE J185 (May 2003) (incorporated by reference, see 1926.6) or ISO 11660-2:1994(E) (incorporated by reference, see 1926.6) except where infeasible.

1926.1423(c)(4)(i) - Steps, handholds, ladders, and guardrails/railings/grabrails must meet the criteria of ISO 11660-1:2008(E) (incorporated by reference, see 1926.6) and ISO 11660-3:2008(E) (incorporated by reference, see 1926.6) or SAE J185 (May 2003) (incorporated by reference, see 1926.6) except where infeasible.

1926.1423(d) - Personal fall arrest and fall restraint systems. Personal fall arrest system components must be used in personal fall arrest and fall restraint systems and must conform to the criteria in 1926.502(d) - personal fall arrest system, except that 1926.502(d)(15) does not apply to components used in personal fall arrest and fall restraint systems. Either body belts or body harnesses must be used in personal fall arrest and fall restraint systems.

1926.1423(e) - For non-assembly/disassembly work, the employer must provide and ensure the use of fall protection equipment for employees who are on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than 6 feet above a lower level as follows: [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (2)].

1926.1423(f) - For assembly/disassembly work, the employer must provide and ensure the use of fall protection equipment for employees who are on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than 15 feet above a lower level, except when the employee is at or near draw-works (when the equipment is running), in the cab, or on the deck.

1926.1423(g)(1) - Sections 1926.502(d)(15) and 1926.502(e)(2) apply to equipment covered by this subpart only to the extent delineated in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.

1926.1423(g)(2)(i) - Personal fall arrest systems must be anchored to any apparently substantial part of the equipment unless a competent person, from a visual inspection, without an engineering analysis, would conclude that the criteria in 1926.502(d)(15) would not be met.

1926.1423(g)(2)(ii) - Positioning device systems must be anchored to any apparently substantial part of the equipment unless a competent person, from a visual inspection, without an engineering analysis, would conclude that the criteria in 1926.502(e)(2) would not be met.

1926.1423(g)(2)(iii) - Attachable anchor devices (portable anchor devices that are attached to the equipment) must meet the anchorage criteria in 1926.502(d)(15) for personal fall arrest systems and 1926.502(e)(2) for positioning device systems.

1926.1423(g)(3) - Anchorages for fall restraint systems. Fall restraint systems must be anchored to any part of the equipment that is capable of withstanding twice the maximum load that an employee may impose on it during reasonably anticipated conditions of use.

1926.1423(h)(1) - For work other than erecting, climbing, and dismantling, the employer must provide and ensure the use of fall protection equipment for employees who are on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than 6 feet above a lower level, except when the employee is at or near draw-works (when the equipment is running), in the cab, or on the deck.

1926.1423(h)(2) - For erecting, climbing, and dismantling work, the employer must provide and ensure the use of fall protection equipment for employees who are on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than 15 feet above a lower level.

1926.1423(j) - Anchoring to the load line. A personal fall arrest system is permitted to be anchored to the crane/derrick's hook (or other part of the load line) where all of the following requirements are met:

• 1926.1423(j)(1) - A qualified person has determined that the set-up and rated capacity of the crane/derrick (including the hook, load line and rigging) meets or exceeds the requirements in 1926.502(d)(15).
• 1926.1423(j)(2) - The equipment operator must be at the work site and informed that the equipment is being used for this purpose.
• 1926.1423(j)(3) - No load is suspended from the load line when the personal fall arrest system is anchored to the crane/derrick's hook (or other part of the load line).

1926.1423(k) - Training. The employer must train each employee who may be exposed to fall hazards while on, or hoisted by, equipment covered by this subpart on all of the following: [Reference paragraph (k)(1) - (2)].

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for work area control.

Special Requirements: Train, authorized personnel, control lines, warning lines, operator, demonstrate, controlling entity, system of communication, mark/markings, warning signs, instruct, inform, system (coordinate operations)

1926.1424(a)(2) - To prevent employees from entering these hazard areas, the employer must:

• 1926.1424(a)(2)(i) - Train each employee assigned to work on or near the equipment ("authorized personnel") in how to recognize struck-by and pinch/crush hazard areas posed by the rotating superstructure.
• 1926.1424(a)(2)(ii) - Erect and maintain control lines, warning lines, railings or similar barriers to mark the boundaries of the hazard areas. Exception: When the employer can demonstrate that it is neither feasible to erect such barriers on the ground nor on the equipment, the hazard areas must be clearly marked by a combination of warning signs (such as "Danger--Swing/Crush Zone") and high visibility markings on the equipment that identify the hazard areas. In addition, the employer must train each employee to understand what these markings signify.

1926.1424(a)(3)(i) - Before an employee goes to a location in the hazard area that is out of view of the operator, the employee (or someone instructed by the employee) must ensure that the operator is informed that he/she is going to that location.

1926.1424(a)(3)(ii) - Where the operator knows that an employee went to a location covered by paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the operator must not rotate the superstructure until the operator is informed in accordance with a pre-arranged system of communication that the employee is in a safe position.

1926.1424(b) - Where any part of a crane/derrick is within the working radius of another crane/derrick, the controlling entity must institute a system to coordinate operations. If there is no controlling entity, the employer (if there is only one employer operating the multiple pieces of equipment), or employers, must institute such a system.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for keeping clear of the load.

Special Requirements: Fall zone, needed (essential), qualified rigger, monitor, instructions, demonstrate, references other standards

1926.1425(c)(3) - The materials must be rigged by a qualified rigger.

1926.1425(d) - Receiving a load. Only employees needed to receive a load are permitted to be within the fall zone when a load is being landed.

1926.1425(e)(2) - Only employees essential to the operation are permitted in the fall zone (but not directly under the load). An employee is essential to the operation if the employee is conducting one of the following operations and the employer can demonstrate it is infeasible for the employee to perform that operation from outside the fall zone: (1) Physically guide the load; (2) closely monitor and give instructions regarding the load's movement; or (3) either detach it from or initially attach it to another component or structure (such as, but not limited to, making an initial connection or installing bracing).

Note: Boom free fall is prohibited when an employee is in the fall zone of the boom or load, and load line free fall is prohibited when an employee is directly under the load; see 1926.1426 - free fall and controlled load lowering.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for free fall and controlled load lowering.

Special Requirements: References other standards

1926.1426(a)(1)(iii) - The load or boom is directly over a power line, or over any part of the area extending the Table A of 1926.1408 - power line safety (up to 350 kV)--equipment operations, clearance distance to each side of the power line; or any part of the area extending the Table A clearance distance to each side of the power line is within the radius of vertical travel of the boom or the load.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for operator training, certification, and evaluation.

Special Requirements: Operators, trained, certified/licensed, audited, lifting capacity, evaluated, retrain, operator-in-training, testing, certification, supervision, crane operator testing organization, qualification, trainer, communication, instruction, document, assess, operation manuals, load charts, language, equipment operators, tests, employer program, military, certificates, demonstration, demonstrate, testing procedures, requalification, determination, competency, references other standards

1926.1427(a) - General requirements for operators. The employer must ensure that each operator is trained, certified/licensed, and evaluated in accordance with this section before operating any equipment covered under subpart CC, except for the equipment listed in paragraph (a)(2) of this section.

1926.1427(a)(1) - Operation during training. An employee who has not been certified/licensed and evaluated to operate assigned equipment in accordance with this section may only operate the equipment as an operator-in-training under supervision in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.

1926.1427(a)(2) - Exceptions. Operators of derricks (see 1926.1436 - derricks), sideboom cranes (see 1926.1440), or equipment with a maximum manufacturer-rated hoisting/lifting capacity of 2,000 pounds or less (see 1926.1441) are not required to comply with 1926.1427. Note: The training requirements in those other sections continue to apply [for the training requirement for operators of sideboom cranes, follow section 1926.1430(c) - training, operators].

1926.1427(a)(3)(i) - For purposes of this section, an operator who is an employee of the U.S. military meets the requirements of this section if he/she has a current operator qualification issued by the U.S. military for operation of the equipment. An employee of the U.S. military is a Federal employee of the Department of Defense or Armed Forces and does not include employees of private contractors.  

1926.1427(a)(3)(ii) - A qualification under this paragraph is: [Reference paragraph (a)(3)(ii)(A) - (B)].

1927.1427 (b) - Operator training. The employer must provide each operator-in-training with sufficient training, through a combination of formal and practical instruction, to ensure that the operator-in-training develops the skills, knowledge, and ability to recognize and avert risk necessary to operate the equipment safely for assigned work. [Reference paragraph (b)(1) - (4)].

1926.1427(b)(5) - Retraining. The employer must provide retraining in relevant topics for each operator when, based on the performance of the operator or an evaluation of the operator's knowledge, there is an indication that retraining is necessary.

1926.1427(c) - Operator certification and licensing. The employer must ensure that each operator is certified or licensed to operate the equipment as follows: [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (4)].

1926.1427(d)(1) - For a certification to satisfy the requirements of this section, the crane operator testing organization providing the certification must: [Reference paragraph (d)(1) - (4)].

1926.1427(e) - Audited employer program. The employer's certification of its employee must meet the following requirements: [Reference paragraph (e)(1)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1427(e)(2) - Administration of tests.[Reference paragraph (e)(2)(i) - (iv)].

1926.1427(e)(3) - Timing of audit. The employer program must be audited within 3 months of the beginning of the program and at least every 3 years thereafter.

1926.1427(e)(4) - Requalification. The employer program must have testing procedures for re-qualification designed to ensure that the operator continues to meet the technical knowledge and skills requirements in paragraphs (j)(1) and (2) of this section. The re-qualification procedures must be audited in accordance with paragraphs (e)(1) and (2) of this section.

1926.1427(e)(5) - Deficiencies. If the auditor determines that there is a significant deficiency (“deficiency”) in the program, the employer must ensure that: [Reference paragraph (e)(5)(i) - (iv)].

1926.1427(e)(6) - Audited-program certificates. A certification under this paragraph is: [Reference paragraph (e)(6)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1427(f)(1) - Through an evaluation, the employer must ensure that each operator is qualified by a demonstration of: [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1427(f)(3) - The definition of “qualified” in 1926.32 - definitions, does not apply to paragraph (f)(1) of this section: Possession of a certificate or degree cannot, by itself, cause a person to be qualified for purposes of paragraph (f)(1).

1926.1427(f)(4) - The evaluation required under paragraph (f)(1) of this section must be conducted by an individual who has the knowledge, training, and experience necessary to assess equipment operators.

1926.1427(f)(5) - The evaluator must be an employee or agent of the employer. Employers that assign evaluations to an agent retain the duty to ensure that the requirements in paragraph (f) are satisfied. Once the evaluation is completed successfully, the employer may allow the operator to operate other equipment that the employer can demonstrate does not require substantially different skills, knowledge, or ability to recognize and avert risk to operate.

1926.1427(f)(6) - The employer must document the completion of the evaluation. This document must provide: The operator's name; the evaluator's name and signature; the date; and the make, model, and configuration of equipment used in the evaluation. The employer must make the document available at the worksite while the operator is employed by the employer. For operators assessed per paragraph (f)(2) of this section, the documentation must reflect the date of the employer's determination of the operator's abilities and the make, model and configuration of equipment on which the operator has previously demonstrated competency.

1926.1427(f)(7) - When an employer is required to provide an operator with retraining under paragraph (b)(5) of this section, the employer must re-evaluate the operator with respect to the subject of the retraining.

1926.1427(h)(1) - Tests under this section may be administered verbally, with answers given verbally, where the operator candidate: [Reference paragraph (h)(1)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1427(h)(2) - Tests under this section may be administered in any language the operator candidate understands, and the operator’s certification documentation must note the language in which the test was given. The operator is only permitted to operate equipment that is furnished with materials required by this subpart, such as operations manuals and load charts, that are written in the language of the certification.

1926.1417(j) - Certification criteria. Certifications must be based on the following:  [Reference paragraph (j)(1) - (2)].

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for signal person qualifications.

Special Requirements: Qualifications, signal person, demonstrate, (qualified) evaluator, retraining, assesses/assessment, documentation, confirms, determination, competent, hand signals. references other standards

1926.1428(a) - The employer of the signal person must ensure that each signal person meets the Qualification Requirements (paragraph (c) of this section) prior to giving any signals. This requirement must be met by using either Option (1) or Option (2) of this section.

• 1926.1428(a)(1) - Option (1)—Third party qualified evaluator. The signal person has documentation from a third party qualified evaluator (see Qualified Evaluator (third party), 1926.1401 for definition) showing that the signal person meets the Qualification Requirements (see paragraph (c) of this section).
• 1926.1428(a)(2) - Option (2)—Employer's qualified evaluator. The employer's qualified (see Qualified Evaluator (not a third party), 1926.1401 for definition) evaluator assesses the individual and determines that the individual meets the Qualification Requirements (see paragraph (c) of this section) and provides documentation of that determination. An assessment by an employer's qualified evaluator under this option is not portable—other employers are not permitted to use it to meet the requirements of this section.
• 1926.1428(a)(3) - The employer must make the documentation for whichever option is used available at the site while the signal person is employed by the employer. The documentation must specify each type of signaling (e.g. hand signals, radio signals, etc.) for which the signal person meets the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section.

1926.1428(b) - If subsequent actions by the signal person indicate that the individual does not meet the Qualification Requirements (see paragraph (c) of this section), the employer must not allow the individual to continue working as a signal person until re-training is provided and a re-assessment is made in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section that confirms that the individual meets the Qualification Requirements.

1926.1428(c) - Qualification Requirements. Each signal person must: {Reference paragraph (c)(1) -(5)].

Scope: This standard provides requirements for the qualifications of maintenance and repair employees.

Special Requirements: Inspect, maintenance, maintenance, inspection and repair personnel, qualified person, references other standards

1926.1429(a) - Maintenance, inspection and repair personnel are permitted to operate the equipment only where all of the following requirements are met:

• 1926.1429(a)(1) - The operation is limited to those functions necessary to perform maintenance, inspect the equipment, or verify its performance.
• 1926.1429(a)(2) - The personnel either: {Reference paragraph (a)(2)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1429(b) - Maintenance and repair personnel must meet the definition of a qualified person with respect to the equipment and maintenance/repair tasks performed.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for training.

Special Requirements: Train, practices, operators, signal persons, tag out, authorized, practices, refresher (retrain), evaluate, maintenance and repair personnel, competent person, procedures, qualified person, references other standards

The employer must provide training as follows:

1926.1430(a) - Overhead powerlines. The employer must train each employee specified in 1926.1408(g) - power line safety (up to 350 kV)--equipment operations, training, and 1926.1410(m) - power line safety (all voltages)--equipment operations closer than the Table A zone, in the topics listed in 1926.1408(g).

1926.1430(b) - Signal persons. The employer must train each employee who will be assigned to work as a signal persons who does not meet the requirements of 1926.1428(c) - signal person qualifications, in the areas addressed in that paragraph.

1926.1430(c)(1) - The employer must train each operator in accordance with 1926.1427(a) and (b) - operator training, certification, and evaluation, on the safe operation of the equipment the operator will be using.

1926.1430(c)(2) - The employer must train each operator covered under the exception of 1926.1427(a)(2) on the safe operation of the equipment the operator will be using.

1926.1430(c)(3) - The employer must train each operator of the equipment covered by this subpart in the following practices: {Reference paragraph (c)(3)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1430(d) - Competent persons and qualified persons. The employer must train each competent person and each qualified person regarding the requirements of this subpart applicable to their respective roles.

1926.1430(e) - Crush/pinch points. The employer must train each employee who works with the equipment to keep clear of holes, and crush/pinch points and the hazards addressed in 1926.1424 (Work area control).

1926.1430(f) - Tag-out. The employer must train each operator and each additional employee authorized to start/energize equipment or operate equipment controls (such as maintenance and repair employees), in the tag-out and start-up procedures in 1926.1417(f) - tagout, and (g) - operation.

1926.1430(g)(1) - The employer must evaluate each employee required to be trained under this subpart to confirm that the employee understands the information provided in the training.

1926.1430(g)(2) - The employer must provide refresher training in relevant topics for each employee when, based on the conduct of the employee or an evaluation of the employee's knowledge, there is an indication that retraining is necessary.

1926.1430(g)(3) - Whenever training is required under subpart CC, the employer must provide the training at no cost to the employee.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for hoisting personnel.

Special Requirements: Demonstrates, qualified person, PPE (PFAS, hard hats), determined, measuring marks, markings, posted, alternative measures,  tagout, manufacturer procedures, load charts, rated capacity, proof testing, certified welder, maximum intended load, signal person, work practices, maximum number, operator, competent person, trial lift, pre-lift meeting, floatation device, spotter, direct communication, inspections, references other standards

1926.1431(a) - The use of equipment to hoist employees is prohibited except where the employer demonstrates that the erection, use, and dismantling of conventional means of reaching the work area, such as a personnel hoist, ladder, stairway, aerial lift, elevating work platform, or scaffold, would be more hazardous, or is not possible because of the project’s structural design or worksite conditions. This paragraph does not apply to work covered by subpart R (Steel Erection) of this part and also does not apply to routine personnel access to an underground worksite via shaft as covered by 1926.800 (Underground Construction) of this part.

1926.1431(c)(1) - The equipment must be uniformly level, within one percent of level grade, and located on footing that a qualified person has determined to be sufficiently firm and stable.

1926.1431(c)(2) - Equipment with outriggers or stabilizers must have them all extended and locked. The amount of extension must be the same for all outriggers and stabilizers and in accordance with manufacturer procedures and load charts.

1926.1431(d)(1) - Capacity: Use of suspended personnel platforms. The total load (with the platform loaded, including the hook, load line and rigging) must not exceed 50 percent of the rated capacity for the radius and configuration of the equipment, except during proof testing.

1926.1431(d)(2) - Capacity: Use of boom-attached personnel platforms. The total weight of the loaded personnel platform must not exceed 50 percent of the rated capacity for the radius and configuration of the equipment (except during proof testing).

1926.1431(d)(3) - Capacity: Hoisting personnel without a personnel platform. When hoisting personnel without a personnel platform pursuant to paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the total load (including the hook, load line, rigging and any other equipment that imposes a load) must not exceed 50 percent of the rated capacity for the radius and configuration of the equipment, except during proof testing.

1926.1431(d)(5)(iv) - Equipment with telescoping booms must be equipped with a device to indicate the boom's extended length clearly to the operator, or must have measuring marks on the boom.

1926.1431(d)(5)(vii) - Proper operation required. Personnel hoisting operations must not begin unless the devices listed in this section are in proper working order. If a device stops working properly during such operations, the operator must safely stop operations. Personnel hoisting operations must not resume until the device is again working properly. Alternative measures are not permitted. (See 1926.1417 - operation, for tag-out and related requirements.)

1926.1431(e)(1) - A qualified person familiar with structural design must design the personnel platform and attachment/suspension system used for hoisting personnel.

1926.1431(e)(4) - The personnel platform itself (excluding the guardrail system and personal fall arrest system anchorages), must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least five times the maximum intended load.

1926.1431(e)(5) - All welding of the personnel platform and its components must be performed by a certified welder familiar with the weld grades, types and material specified in the platform design.

1926.1431(e)(6) - The personnel platform must be equipped with a guardrail system which meets the requirements of subpart M of this part, and must be enclosed at least from the toeboard to mid-rail with either solid construction material or expanded metal having openings no greater than ½ inch (1.27 cm). Points to which personal fall arrest systems are attached must meet the anchorage requirements in subpart M of this part.

1926.1431(e)(10) - In addition to the use of hard hats, employees must be protected by overhead protection on the personnel platform when employees are exposed to falling objects. The platform overhead protection must not obscure the view of the operator or platform occupants (such as wire mesh that has up to ½ inch openings), unless full protection is necessary.

1926.1431(e)(12) - The weight of the platform and its rated capacity must be conspicuously posted on the platform with a plate or other permanent marking.

1926.1431(f)(1) - The personnel platform must not be loaded in excess of its rated capacity.

1926.1431(f)(4) - The number of employees occupying the personnel platform must not exceed the maximum number the platform was designed to hold or the number required to perform the work, whichever is less.

1926.1431(g)(3) - Rigging hardware (including wire rope, shackles, rings, master links, and other rigging hardware) and hooks must be capable of supporting, without failure, at least five times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that component. Where rotation resistant rope is used, the slings must be capable of supporting without failure at least ten times the maximum intended load.

1926.1431(h)(1) - A trial lift with the unoccupied personnel platform loaded at least to the anticipated liftweight must be made from ground level, or any other location where employees will enter the platform, to each location at which the platform is to be hoisted and positioned. Where there is more than one location to be reached from a single set-up position, either individual trial lifts for each location, or a single trial lift, in which the platform is moved sequentially to each location, must be performed; the method selected must be the same as the method that will be used to hoist the personnel.

1926.1431(h)(2) - The trial lift must be performed immediately prior to each shift in which personnel will be hoisted. In addition, the trial lift must be repeated prior to hoisting employees in each of the following circumstances:

• 1926.1431(h)(2)(ii) - The lift route is changed, unless the competent person determines that the new route presents no new factors affecting safety.

1926.1431(h)(3) - The competent person must determine that: [Reference paragraph (h)(3)(i) - (iv)].

1926.1431(h)(4) -  Immediately after the trial lift, the competent person must: [Reference paragraph (h)(4)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1431(h)(5)(i) - The platform must be hoisted a few inches with the personnel and materials/tools on board and inspected by a competent person to ensure that it is secure and properly balanced.

1926.1431(h)(5)(ii) - The following conditions must be determined by a competent person to exist before the lift of personnel proceeds: [Reference paragraph (h)(5)(ii)(A) - (D)].

1926.1431(h)(6) - Any condition found during the trial lift and subsequent inspection(s) that fails to meet a requirement of this standard or otherwise creates a safety hazard must be corrected before hoisting personnel. (See 1926.1417 - operation, for tag-out and related requirements.)

1926.1431(j)(1) - At each jobsite, prior to hoisting employees on the personnel platform, and after any repair or modification, the platform and rigging must be proof tested to 125 percent of the platform's rated capacity. The proof test may be done concurrently with the trial lift.

1926.1431(j)(3) - After proof testing, a competent person must inspect the platform and rigging to determine if the test has been passed. If any deficiencies are found that pose a safety hazard, the platform and rigging must not be used to hoist personnel unless the deficiencies are corrected, the test is repeated, and a competent person determines that the test has been passed. (See 1926.1417 - operation, for tag-out and related requirements.)

1926.1431(j)(4) - Personnel hoisting must not be conducted until the competent person determines that the platform and rigging have successfully passed the proof test.

1926.1431(k) - Work practices. [Reference paragraph (k)(1) - (10)].

1926.1431(k)(10)(i) - Except over water, employees occupying the personnel platform must be provided and use a personal fall arrest system. The system must be attached to a structural member within the personnel platform. When working over or near water, the requirements of 1926.106 - Working over or near water apply.

1926.1431(k)(10)(ii) - The fall arrest system, including the attachment point (anchorage) used to comply with paragraph (i) of this section, must meet the requirements in 1926.502.

1926.1431(k)(11)(ii) - Factory-produced boom-mounted personnel platforms that incorporate a winch as original equipment. Loads are permitted to be hoisted by such a winch while employees occupy the personnel platform only where the load on the winch line does not exceed 500 pounds and does not exceed the rated capacity of the winch and platform.

1926.1431(k)(12)(i) - Hoisting of employees while the equipment is traveling is prohibited, except for:

• 1926.1431(k)(12)(i)(A) - Equipment that travels on fixed rails; or
• 1926.1431(k)(12)(i)(B) - Where the employer demonstrates that there is no less hazardous way to perform the work.

1926.1431(k)(12)(ii)(E) - A complete trial run must be performed to test the route of travel before employees are allowed to occupy the platform. This trial run can be performed at the same time as the trial lift required by paragraph (h) of this section which tests the lift route.

1926.1431(m) - Pre-lift meeting. A pre-lift meeting must be:

1926.1431(n) - Hoisting personnel near power lines. Hoisting personnel within 20 feet of a power line that is up to 350 kV, and hoisting personnel within 50 feet of a power line that is over 350 kV, is prohibited, except for work covered by subpart V  of this part (Power Transmission and Distribution).

1926.1431(o)(3) - If using a boatswain's chair:

• 1926.1431(o)(3)(ii) - A signal person must be stationed at the shaft opening.
• 1926.1431(o)(3)(iv) - The employee must use personal fall protection equipment, including a full body harness, attached independent of the crane/derrick.
• 1926.1431(o)(3)(v) - The fall protection equipment must meet the applicable requirements in 1926.502.
• 1926.1431(o)(3)(vi) - The boatswain's chair itself (excluding the personal fall arrest system anchorages), must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least five times the maximum intended load.

1926.1431(p)(2) - For lattice boom cranes: Clearly mark the cable (so that it can easily be seen by the operator) at a point that will give the operator sufficient time to stop the hoist to prevent two-blocking, or use a spotter who is in direct communication with the operator to inform the operator when this point is reached. For telescopic boom cranes: Clearly mark the cable (so that it can be easily seen by the operator) at a point that will give the operator sufficient time to stop the hoist to prevent two-blocking, and use a spotter who is in direct communication with the operator to inform the operator when this point is reached.

1926.1431(p)(4)(iv) - The fall protection equipment must meet the applicable requirements in 1926.502 - fall protection systems and practices.

1926.1431(p)(4)(v) - The boatswain's chair itself (excluding the personal fall arrest system anchorages), must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least five times the maximum intended load.

1926.1431(r)(3)(iii) - The number of workers occupying the transfer device must not exceed the maximum number it was designed to hold.

1926.1431(r)(3)(iv) - Each employee must wear a U.S. Coast Guard personal flotation device approved for industrial use.

1926.1431(s)(3) - If using a boatswain's chair:

• 1926.1431(s)(3)(iii) - The employee must use personal fall protection equipment, including a full body harness, attached independent of the crane/derrick. When there is no adequate structure for attachment of personal fall arrest equipment as required in 1926.502(d)(15), the attachment must be to the lower load block or overhaul ball.
• 1926.1431(s)(3)(iv) - The fall protection equipment must meet the applicable requirements in 1926.502.
• 1926.1431(s)(3)(v) - The boatswain's chair itself (excluding the personal fall arrest system anchorages), must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least five times the maximum intended load.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for multiple-crane/derrick lifts--supplemental requirements.

Special Requirements:  Plan development, plan, plan review, qualified person, designed, determines, engineering expertise, competent person, lift director, meeting

1926.1432(a) - Plan development. Before beginning a crane/derrick operation in which more than one crane/derrick will be supporting the load, the operation must be planned. The planning must meet the following requirements:

• 1926.1432(a)(1) - The plan must be developed by a qualified person.
• 1926.1432(a)(2) - The plan must be designed to ensure that the requirements of this subpart are met.
• 1926.1432(a)(3) - Where the qualified person determines that engineering expertise is needed for the planning, the employer must ensure that it is provided.

1926.1432(b) - Plan implementation.

• 1926.1432(b)(1) - The multiple-crane/derrick lift must be directed by a person who meets the criteria for both a competent person and a qualified person, or by a competent person who is assisted by one or more qualified persons (lift director).
• 1926.1432(b)(2) - The lift director must review the plan in a meeting with all workers who will be involved with the operation.

Scope: This standard provides the design, construction and testing requirements.

Special Requirements: Rated capacity, prototype testing, documentation, marked, fire extinguisher, posted warnings, qualified person, references other standards

The following requirements apply to equipment that has a manufacturer-rated hoisting/lifting capacity of more than 2,000 pounds.

1926.1433(a) - Crawler, truck and locomotive cranes manufactured prior to November 8, 2010 must meet the applicable requirements for design, construction, and testing as prescribed in ANSI B30.5-1968 (incorporated by reference, see 1926.6), PCSA Std. No. 2 (1968) (incorporated by reference, see 1926.6), the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section, or the applicable DIN standards that were in effect at the time of manufacture.

1926.1433(b) - Mobile (including crawler and truck) and locomotive cranes manufactured on or after November 8, 2010 must meet the following portions of ASME B30.5-2004 (incorporated by reference, see 1926.6) as applicable: [Reference paragraph (b)(1) - (16)].

1926.1433(c) - Prototype testing: mobile (including crawler and truck) and locomotive cranes manufactured on or after November 8, 2010 must meet the prototype testing requirements in Test Option A or Test Option B of this section. Tower cranes manufactured on or after November 8, 2010 must meet the prototype testing requirements in BS EN 14439:2006 (incorporated by reference, see 1926.6). [Reference paragraph (c)(1) - (2)].

1926.1433(d)(1) - Rated capacity and related information. The information available in the cab [see 1926.1417(c) - operation, accessibility of procedures,] regarding "rated capacity" and related information must include, at a minimum, the following information:  [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (xvi)].

1926.1433(d)(3) - Hook and ball assemblies and load blocks must be marked with their rated capacity and weight.

1926.1433(d)(4)(ii) - Hooks without latches, or with latches removed or disabled, must not be used unless:

• 1926.1433(d)(4)(ii)(A) - A qualified person has determined that it is safer to hoist and place the load without latches (or with the latches removed/tied-back).
• 1926.1433(d)(4)(ii)(B) - Routes for the loads are pre-planned to ensure that no employee is required to work in the fall zone except for employees necessary for the hooking or unhooking of the load.

1926.1433(d)(5) - Posted warnings. Posted warnings required by this subpart as well as those originally supplied with the equipment by the manufacturer must be maintained in legible condition.

1926.1433(d)(6) - An accessible fire extinguisher must be on the equipment.

1926.1433(e) - The employer's obligations under paragraphs (a) through (c) and (d)(7) through (13) of this section are met where the equipment has not changed [except in accordance with 1926.1434 (Equipment modifications)] and it can refer to documentation from the manufacturer showing that the equipment has been designed, constructed and tested in accordance with those paragraphs.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for equipment modifications. 

Special Requirements: Manufacturer approves, writing, load charts, procedures, instruction plates/tags/decals, instruction manuals, registered professional engineer, qualified person, detailed description, written response, request, review  

1926.1434(a)(1)(i) - The manufacturer approves the modifications/additions in writing.

1926.1434(a)(1)(ii) - The load charts, procedures, instruction manuals and instruction plates/tags/decals are modified as necessary to accord with the modification/addition.

1926.1434(a)(2) - Manufacturer refusal to review request. The manufacturer is provided a detailed description of the proposed modification/addition, is asked to approve the modification/addition, but it declines to review the technical merits of the proposal or fails, within 30 days, to acknowledge the request or initiate the review, and all of the following are met: 

• 1926.1434(a)(2)(i) - A registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to the equipment involved:
  • 1926.1434(a)(2)(i)(A) - Approves the modification/addition and specifies the equipment configurations to which that approval applies, and
  • 1926.1434(a)(2)(i)(B) - Modifies load charts, procedures, instruction manuals and instruction plates/tags/decals as necessary to accord with the modification/addition.

1926.1434(a)(4) - Manufacturer does not complete the review within 120 days of the request. The manufacturer is provided a detailed description of the proposed modification/addition, is asked to approve the modification/addition, agrees to review the technical merits of the proposal, but fails to complete the review of the proposal within 120 days of the date it was provided the detailed description of the proposed modification/addition, and the requirements of paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section are met.

1926.1434(a)(5) - Multiple manufacturers of equipment designed for use on marine work sites. The equipment is designed for marine work sites, contains major structural components from more than one manufacturer, and the requirements of paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section are met.

1926.1434(b) - Modifications or additions which affect the capacity or safe operation of the equipment are prohibited where the manufacturer, after a review of the technical safety merits of the proposed modification/addition, rejects the proposal and explains the reasons for the rejection in a written response. If the manufacturer rejects the proposal but does not explain the reasons for the rejection in writing, the employer may treat this as a manufacturer refusal to review the request under paragraph (a)(2) of this section.

1926.1434(c) - The provisions in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to modifications made or approved by the U.S. military.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for tower cranes.

Tower crane is a type of lifting structure which utilizes a vertical mast or tower to support a working boom (jib) in an elevated position. Loads are suspended from the working boom. While the working boom may be of the fixed type (horizontal or angled) or have luffing capability, it can always rotate to swing loads, either by rotating on the top of the tower (top slewing) or by the rotation of the tower (bottom slewing). The tower base may be fixed in one location or ballasted and moveable between locations. Mobile cranes that are configured with luffing jib and/or tower attachments are not considered tower cranes under this section.

Special Requirements: Competent person, manufacturer procedures, designed, manufacturer instructions, determine, registered professional engineer, A/D director, climbing procedures, signs, post, posting notice, notifying, inspections, documentation, qualified person, load test procedures, certificate of calibration, tests, certified weights, operational aids, documents, operator, approve in writing, measures, manufacturer's tolerance, recommended, specify, spotter, manufacturer specifications, references other standards

1926.1435(b)(1) - Section 1926.1403 (Assembly/Disassembly--selection of manufacturer or employer procedures), 1926.1404 (Assembly/Disassembly--general requirements [applies to all assembly and disassembly operations)], 1926.1405 [Disassembly--additional requirements for dismantling of booms and jibs (applies to both the use of manufacturer procedures and employer procedures)], and 1926.1406 (Assembly/Disassembly--employer procedures--general requirements), apply to tower cranes (except as otherwise specified), except that the term "assembly/disassembly" is replaced by "erecting, climbing and dismantling," and the term "disassembly" is replaced by "dismantling."

1926.1435(b)(2) - Dangerous areas (self-erecting tower cranes). In addition to the requirements in 1926.1404(e) - assembly/disassembly--general requirements, for self-erecting tower cranes, the following applies: Employees must not be in or under the tower, jib, or rotating portion of the crane during erecting, climbing and dismantling operations until the crane is secured in a locked position and the competent person in charge indicates it is safe to enter this area, unless the manufacturer's instructions direct otherwise and only the necessary personnel are permitted in this area.

1926.1435(b)(3) - Foundations and structural supports. Tower crane foundations and structural supports (including both the portions of the structure used for support and the means of attachment) must be designed by the manufacturer or a registered professional engineer.

1926.1435(b)(4) - Addressing specific hazards. The requirements in 1926.1404(h)(1) through (9) apply. In addition, the A/D director must address the following:

1926.1435(b)(4)(i) - Foundations and structural supports. The A/D director must determine that tower crane foundations and structural supports are installed in accordance with their design.

1926.1435(b)(4)(iii) - Wind speed. Wind must not exceed the speed recommended by the manufacturer or, where manufacturer does not specify this information, the speed determined by a qualified person.

1926.1435(b)(5) - Plumb tolerance. Towers must be erected plumb to the manufacturer's tolerance and verified by a qualified person. Where the manufacturer does not specify plumb tolerance, the crane tower must be plumb to a tolerance of at least 1:500 (approximately 1 inch in 40 feet).

1926.1435(b)(7) - Climbing procedures. Prior to, and during, all climbing procedures (including inside climbing and top climbing), the employer must: [Reference paragraph (b)(7)(i) - (ii)]

1926.1435(c) - Signs. The size and location of signs installed on tower cranes must be in accordance with manufacturer specifications. Where these are unavailable, a registered professional engineer familiar with the type of equipment involved must approve in writing the size and location of any signs.

1926.1435(d)(1) - Section 1926.1415 - safety devices, does not apply to tower cranes.

1926.1435(d)(3) - Proper operation required. Operations must not begin unless the devices listed in this section are in proper working order. If a device stops working properly during operations, the operator must safely stop operations. The equipment must be taken out of service, and operations must not resume until the device is again working properly. See 1926.1417(f) - operation, tag-out. Alternative measures are not permitted to be used.

1926.1435(e)(1) - Section 1926.1416 - operational aids, does not apply to tower cranes.

1926.1435(e)(3) - Operations must not begin unless the operational aids are in proper working order, except where the employer meets the specified temporary alternative measures. More protective alternative measures specified by the tower crane manufacturer, if any, must be followed. See 1926.1417(j) - operation, for additional requirements.

1926.1435(e)(4) - If an operational aid stops working properly during operations, the operator must safely stop operations until the temporary alternative measures are implemented or the device is again working properly. If a replacement part is no longer available, the use of a substitute device that performs the same type of function is permitted and is not considered a modification under 1926.1434 - equipment modifications.

1926.1435(e)(5) - Category I operational aids and alternative measures. Operational aids listed in this paragraph that are not working properly must be repaired no later than 7 calendar days after the deficiency occurs. Exception: If the employer documents that it has ordered the necessary parts within 7 calendar days of the occurrence of the deficiency, the repair must be completed within 7 calendar days of receipt of the parts. [Reference paragraph (e)(5)(i) - (viii)].

1926.1435(e)(6) - Category II operational aids and alternative measures. Operational aids listed in this paragraph that are not working properly must be repaired no later than 30 calendar days after the deficiency occurs. Exception: If the employer documents that it has ordered the necessary parts within 7 calendar days of the occurrence of the deficiency, and the part is not received in time to complete the repair in 30 calendar days, the repair must be completed within 7 calendar days of receipt of the parts.

1926.1435(e)(6)(i)(C) - Temporary alternative measures: Hook radii or boom angle must be determined by measuring the hook radii or boom angle with a measuring device.

1926.1435(e)(6)(ii) - Trolley travel deceleration device. The trolley speed must be automatically reduced prior to the trolley reaching the end limit in both directions. Temporary alternative measure: The employer must post a notice in the cab of the crane notifying the operator that the trolley travel deceleration device is malfunctioning and instructing the operator to take special care to reduce the trolley speed when approaching the trolley end limits.

1926.1435(e)(6)(vi) - Load indicating device. Cranes manufactured after November 8, 2011 must have a device that displays the magnitude of the load on the hook. Displays that are part of load moment limiting devices that display the load on the hook meet this requirement. Temporary alternative measures: The weight of the load must be determined from a source recognized by the industry (such as the load's manufacturer), or by a calculation method recognized by the industry (such as calculating a steel beam from measured dimensions and a known per foot weight), or by other equally reliable means. This information must be provided to the operator prior to the lift.

1926.1435(f)(1) - Section 1926.1412 (Inspections) applies to tower cranes, except that the term "assembly" is replaced by "erection." Section 1926.1413 (Wire rope--inspection) applies to tower cranes.

1926.1435(f)(2) - Pre-erection inspection. Before each crane component is erected, it must be inspected by a qualified person for damage or excessive wear. [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(i) - (iii)].

1926.1435(f)(3) - Post-erection inspection. In addition to the requirements in 1926.1412(c) - inspections, post assembly, the following requirements must be met: [Reference paragraph (f)(3)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1435(f)(4) - Monthly (inspections). The following additional items must be included: [Reference paragraph (f)(4)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1435(f)(5) - Annual. In addition to the items that must be inspected under 1926.1412(f) - inspections, annual/comprehensive, all turntable and tower bolts must be inspected for proper condition and torque.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for derricks.

A derrick is powered equipment consisting of a mast or equivalent member that is held at or near the end by guys or braces, with or without a boom, and its hoisting mechanism.

Special Requirements: Procedures, inspections, training, qualifications, determine, competent person, tested, load anchoring data, load chart, qualified person, posted, manufacturer procedures, calculation method, information, communication, derrick manufacturer approves, evaluated, rated capacity, load test, operator, spotter, stop marks, document, references other standards

1926.1436(b)(1) - Section 1926.1417 (Operation) applies except for 1926.1417(c) (Accessibility of procedures).

1926.1436(b)(2) - Load chart contents. Load charts must contain at least the following information: [Reference paragraph (b)(2)(i) - (iv)].

1926.1436(b)(3)(i) - Permanent installations. For permanently installed derricks with fixed lengths of boom, guy, and mast, a load chart must be posted where it is visible to personnel responsible for the operation of the equipment.

1926.1436(b)(3)(ii) - Non-permanent installations. For derricks that are not permanently installed, the load chart must be readily available at the job site to personnel responsible for the operation of the equipment.

1926.1436(c)(1)(i) - Derricks must be constructed to meet all stresses imposed on members and components when installed and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's/builder's procedures and within its rated capacity.

1926.1436(c)(1)(ii) - Welding of load sustaining members must conform to recommended practices in ANSI/AWS D14.3-94 (incorporated by reference, see 1926.6) or AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2002 (incorporated by reference, see 1926.6).

1926.1436(c)(2)(i) - The minimum number of guys must be 6, with equal spacing, except where a qualified person or derrick manufacturer approves variations from these requirements and revises the rated capacity to compensate for such variations.

1926.1436(c)(2)(ii) - Guy derricks must not be used unless the employer has the following guy information from the manufacturer or a qualified person, when not available from the manufacturer: [Reference paragraph (c)(2)(i) - (v)].

1926.1436(c)(5)(iii) - Chicago boom derricks - Withstand the forces applied when configured and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's/builder's procedures and within its rated capacity.

1926.1436(d)(1) - Load anchoring data developed by the manufacturer or a qualified person must be used.

1926.1436(d)(2)(iii) - Guy derricks - The anchorage and guying must be designed to withstand maximum horizontal and vertical forces encountered when operating within rated capacity with the particular guy slope and spacing specified for the application.

1926.1436(d)(3)(ii) - Stiffleg derricks - The mast base and stifflegs must be designed to withstand maximum horizontal and vertical forces encountered when operating within rated capacity with the particular stiffleg spacing and slope specified for the application.

1926.1436(e)(2)(i) - Base mounted drum hoists must meet the requirements in the following sections of ASME B30.7-2001 (incorporated by reference, see § 1926.6): [Reference paragraph (e)(2)(i)(A) - (D)].

1926.1436(e)(2)(ii) - Load tests for new hoists. The employer must ensure that new hoists are load tested to a minimum of 110% of rated capacity, but not more than 125% of rated capacity, unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer. This requirement is met where the manufacturer has conducted this testing.

1926.1436(e)(2)(iii) - Repaired or modified hoists. Hoists that have had repairs, modifications or additions affecting their capacity or safe operation must be evaluated by a qualified person to determine if a load test is necessary. If it is, load testing must be conducted in accordance with paragraphs (e)(2)(ii) and (iv) of this section.

1926.1436(e)(2)(iv) - Load test procedure. Load tests required by paragraphs (e)(2)(ii) or (e)(2)(iii) of this section must be conducted as follows:  [Reference paragraph (e)(2)(iv)(A) - (C)].

1926.1436(f)(1) - Section 1926.1416 (Operational aids) applies, except for 1926.1416(d)(1) (Boom hoist limiting device), 1926.1416(e)(1) (Boom angle or radius indicator), and 1926.1416(e)(4) (Load weighing and similar devices).

1926.1436(f)(2) - Boom angle aid. A boom angle indicator is not required but if the derrick is not equipped with a functioning one, the employer must ensure that either:

• 1926.1436(f)(2)(i) - The boom hoist cable must be marked with caution and stop marks. The stop marks must correspond to maximum and minimum allowable boom angles. The caution and stop marks must be in view of the operator, or a spotter who is in direct communication with the operator.

1926.1436(f)(3)(i) - Derricks manufactured more than one year after November 8, 2010 with a maximum rated capacity over 6,000 pounds must have at least one of the following: load weighing device, load moment indicator, rated capacity indicator, or rated capacity limiter. Temporary alternative measures: The weight of the load must be determined from a source recognized by the industry (such as the load's manufacturer), or by a calculation method recognized by the industry (such as calculating a steel beam from measured dimensions and a known per foot weight), or by other equally reliable means. This information must be provided to the operator prior to the lift. See 1926.1417(j) for additional requirements.

1926.1436(f)(3)(ii)  A load weight/capacity device that is not working properly must be repaired no later than 30 days after the deficiency occurs. Exception: If the employer documents that it has ordered the necessary parts within 7 days of the occurrence of the deficiency, and the part is not received in time to complete the repair in 30 days, the repair must be completed within 7 days of receipt of the parts.

1926.1436(g)(1)(i) - Anchorages, including the structure to which the derrick is attached (if applicable), must be approved by a qualified person.

1926.1436(g)(1)(ii) - If using a rock or hairpin anchorage, the qualified person must determine if any special testing of the anchorage is needed. If so, it must be tested accordingly.

1926.1436(g)(2) - Functional test. Prior to initial use, new or reinstalled derricks must be tested by a competent person with no hook load to verify proper operation. This test must include: [Reference paragraph (g)(2)(i) - (v)].

1926.1436(g)(3) - Load test. Prior to initial use, new or reinstalled derricks must be load tested by a competent person. The test load must meet the following requirements: [Reference paragraph (g)(3)(i) - (ii)].

1926.1436(g)(4) - Documentation. Tests conducted under this paragraph must be documented. The document must contain the date, test results and the name of the tester. The document must be retained until the derrick is re-tested or dismantled, whichever occurs first. All such documents must be available, during the applicable document retention period, to all persons who conduct inspections in accordance with 1926.1412 - inspections.

1926.1436(h) - Load testing repaired or modified derricks. Derricks that have had repairs, modifications or additions affecting the derrick's capacity or safe operation must be evaluated by a qualified person to determine if a load test is necessary. If it is, load testing must be conducted and documented in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.

1926.1436(j) - Power failure procedures. If power fails during operations, the derrick operator must safely stop operations. This must include: [Reference paragraph (j)(1) - (2)].

1926.1436(o) - Derrick operations must be supervised by a competent person.

1926.1436(p) - Inspections. In addition to the requirements in 1926.1412 - inspections,  the following additional items must be included in the inspections: [Reference paragraph (p)(1) - (2)].

1926.1436(q) - Qualification and training. The employer must train each operator of a derrick on the safe operation of equipment the individual will operate. Section 1926.1427 of this subpart (Operator qualification and certification) does not apply.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for floating cranes/derricks and land cranes/derricks on barges.

Special Requirements: Warning lines, control lines, procedures, divers, rated capacities (posted), surveyors, documentation, competent person, determines, qualified person, marine engineer, inspections, markings, employer demonstrates, train, manufacturer's specifications and limitations, warning signs, special hazard warnings, instructions, registered professional engineer, plan, procedures, recommended, crane/derrick manufacturer, signed, load charts, operators manual, references other standards

1926.1437(c)(1) - The requirements of § 1926.1424 - work area control, apply, except for § 1926.1424(a)(2)(ii).

1926.1437(c)(2) - The employer must either:

• 1926.1437(c)(2)(i) - Erect and maintain control lines, warning lines, railings or similar barriers to mark the boundaries of the hazard areas; or
• 1926.1437(c)(2)(ii) - Clearly mark the hazard areas by a combination of warning signs (such as, “Danger—Swing/Crush Zone”) and high visibility markings on the equipment that identify the hazard areas. In addition, the employer must train each employee to understand what these markings signify.

1926.1437(d) - Keeping clear of the load. Section 1926.1425 - keeping clear of the load, does not apply.

1926.1437(e) - Additional safety devices. In addition to the safety devices listed in § 1926.1415 - safety devices, the following safety devices are required: [Reference paragraph (e)(1) - (3)].

1926.1437(f)(2) - Section 1926.1416(e)(4) - operational aids, (Load weighing and similar devices) does not apply to dragline, clamshell (grapple), magnet, drop ball, container handling, concrete bucket, and pile driving work performed under this section.

1926.1437(g) - Accessibility of procedures applicable to equipment operation. If the crane/derrick has a cab, the requirements of § 1926.1417(c) - operation, apply. If the crane/derrick does not have a cab, the employer must ensure that:

• 1926.1437(g)(1) - Rated capacities (load charts) are posted at the operator's station. If the operator's station is moveable (such as with pendant-controlled equipment), the load charts are posted on the equipment.
• 1926.1437(g)(2) - Procedures applicable to the operation of the equipment (other than load charts), recommended operating speeds, special hazard warnings, instructions and operators manual, must be readily available on board the vessel/flotation device.

1926.1437(h) - Inspections. In addition to meeting the requirements of § 1926.1412 - inspections, for inspecting the crane/derrick, the employer must inspect the barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation used to support a floating crane/derrick or land crane/derrick, and ensure that: [Reference paragraph (h)(1) - (5)]. 

• 1926.1437(h)(6) - Documentation. The monthly and annual inspections required in paragraphs (h)(2) and (h)(4) of this section are documented in accordance with §§ 1926.1412 (e)(3) and 1926.1412(f)(7), respectively, and that the four-year inspection required in paragraph (h)(5) of this section is documented in accordance with § 1926.1412(f)(7), except that the documentation for that inspection must be retained for a minimum of 4 years. All such documents must be made available, during the applicable document retention period, to all persons who conduct inspections in accordance with § 1926.1412.

1926.1437(j)(3) - In addition to the requirements in §§ 1926.1419 through 1926.1422 (Signals), either: [Reference paragraph (j)(3)(i) - (ii)]. 

1926.1437(k)(1) - The employer must ensure that the barge, pontoons, vessel, or other means of flotation must be capable of withstanding imposed environmental, operational and in-transit loads when used in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and limitations.

1926.1437(k)(2) - The employer must ensure that the manufacturer's specifications and limitations with respect to environmental, operational, and in-transit loads for a barge, pontoon, vessel, or other means of flotation are not exceeded or violated.

1926.1437(k)(3) - When the manufacturer's specifications and limitations are unavailable, the employer must ensure that the specifications and limitations established by a qualified person with respect to environmental, operational and in-transit loads for the barge, pontoons, vessel, or other means of flotation are not exceeded or violated.

1926.1437(m)(1)(i) - The employer must not exceed the manufacturer load charts applicable to operations on water. When using these charts, the employer must comply with all parameters and limitations (such as dynamic and environmental parameters) applicable to the use of the charts.

1926.1437(m)(1)(ii) - The employer must ensure that load charts take into consideration a minimum wind speed of 40 miles per hour.

1926.1437(m)(4) - If the equipment is employer-made, it must not be used unless the employer has documents demonstrating that the load charts and applicable parameters for use meet the requirements of paragraphs (m)(1) through (3) of this section. Such documents must be signed by a registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to the design of this type of equipment (including the means of flotation).

1926.1437(m)(5)(i) - Are structurally sufficient to withstand the static and dynamic loads of the crane/derrick when operating at the crane/derrick's maximum rated capacity with all planned and actual deck loads and ballasted compartments.

1926.1437(m)(5)(iii) - Have access to void compartments to allow for inspection and pumping.

1926.1437(n) - Land cranes/derricks. For land cranes/derricks used on barges, pontoons, vessels or other means of flotation, the employer must ensure that:

• 1926.1437(n)(1) - The rated capacity of the equipment (including but not limited to modification of load charts) applicable for use on land is reduced to: [Reference paragraph (n)(1)(i) - (iii)].
• 1926.1437(n)(2) - The rated capacity modification required in paragraph (n)(1) of this section is performed by the equipment manufacturer, or a qualified person who has expertise with respect to both land crane/derrick capacity and the stability of vessels/flotation devices.
  • 1926.1437(n)(3)(i) - The maximum allowable list and the maximum allowable trim for the barge, pontoon, vessel or other means of flotation must not exceed the amount necessary to ensure that the conditions in paragraph (n)(4) of this section are met. In addition, the maximum allowable list and the maximum allowable trim does not exceed the least of the following: 5 degrees, the amount specified by the crane/derrick manufacturer, or, when, an amount is not so specified, the amount specified by the qualified person.
  • 1926.1437(n)(3)(ii) - The maximum allowable list and the maximum allowable trim for the land crane/derrick does not exceed the amount specified by the crane/derrick manufacturer, or, when, an amount is not so specified, the amount specified by the qualified person.
  • 1926.1437(n)(5)(iv) - Option (4)—Centerline cable system. The crane/derrick is prevented from shifting by being mounted to a wire rope system. The employer must ensure that the wire rope system meets the following requirements: [Reference paragraph (n)(5)(iv)(A) - (E)].
  • 1926.1437(n)(5)(v) - The systems/means used to comply with Option (1), Option (2), Option (3), or Option (4) of this section are designed by a marine engineer, registered professional engineer familiar with floating crane/derrick design, or qualified person familiar with floating crane/derrick design.
• 1926.1437(n)(6) - Exception. For mobile auxiliary cranes used on the deck of a floating crane/derrick, the requirement specified by paragraph (n)(5) of this section to use Option (1), Option (2), Option (3), or Option (4) does not apply when the employer demonstrates implementation of a plan and procedures that meet the following requirements: [Reference paragraph (n)(6)(i) - (vi)].
• 1926.1437(n)(7) - The barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation used:
  • 1926.1437(n)(7)(iii) - Have access to void compartments to allow for inspection and pumping.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for overhead and gantry cranes.

Special Requirements: References other standards

1926.1438(a) - Permanently installed overhead and gantry cranes. The requirements of § 1910.179, except for § 1910.179(b)(1), and not the requirements of this subpart CC , apply to the following equipment when used in construction and permanently installed in a facility: overhead and gantry cranes, including semigantry, cantilever gantry, wall cranes, storage bridge cranes, and others having the same fundamental characteristics.

1926.1438(b)(2) - The following requirements apply to equipment identified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section:

• 1926.1438(b)(2)(i) - Sections 1926.1400 through 1926.1414; §§ 1926.1417 through 1926.1425; § 1926.1426(d), §§ 1926.1427 through 1926.1434; § 1926.1437 (floating cranes/derricks), § 1926.1439 (dedicated pile drivers), and § 1926.1441 (rated hoisting/lifting capacity of 2,000 pounds)
• 1926.1438(b)(2)(ii) - The following portions of § 1910.179 - overhead and gantry cranes:
  • 1926.1438(b)(2)(ii)(A) - Paragraphs (b)(5),(6),(7); (e)(1),(3),(5),(6); (f)(1),(4); (g); (h)(1),(3); (k); and (n) of § 1910.179.
  • 1926.1438(b)(2)(ii)(B) - The definitions in § 1910.179(a) except for "hoist" and "load." For those words, the definitions in 1926.1401 apply.
  • 1926.1438(b)(2)(ii)(C) - Section 1910.179(b)(2), but only where the equipment identified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section (1926.1438) was manufactured before September 19, 2001.

1926.1438(b)(2)(iii) - For equipment manufactured on or after September 19, 2001, the following sections of ASME B30.2-2005 (incorporated by reference, see § 1926.6) apply: 2-1.3.1; 2-1.3.2; 2-1.4.1; 2-1.6; 2-1.7.2; 2-1.8.2; 2-1.9.1; 2-1.9.2; 2-1.11; 2-1.12.2; 2-1.13.7; 2-1.14.2; 2-1.14.3; 2-1.14.5; 2-1.15.; 2-2.2.2; 2-3.2.1.1. In addition, 2-3.5 applies, except in 2-3.5.1(b), "29 CFR 1910.147 - the control of hazardous energy," is substituted for "ANSI Z244.1."

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for dedicated pile drivers.

Special Requirements: References other standards

1926.1439(a) - The provisions of subpart CC apply to dedicated pile drivers, except as specified in this section.

1926.1439(b) - Section 1926.1416(d)(3) - operational aids, (Anti two-blocking device) does not apply.

1926.1439(c) - Section 1926.1416(e)(4) - operational aids, (Load weighing and similar devices) applies only to dedicated pile drivers manufactured after November 8, 2011.

1926.1439(d) - In § 1926.1433 - design, construction and testing, only §§ 1926.1433(d) and (e) apply to dedicated pile drivers.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for sideboom cranes.

Special Requirements: References other standards

1926.1440(a) - The provisions of this standard apply, except § 1926.1402 (Ground conditions), § 1926.1415 (Safety devices), § 1926.1416 (Operational aids), and § 1926.1427 (Operator qualification and certification).

1926.1440(b) - Section 1926.1426 (Free fall and controlled load lowering) applies, except § 1926.1426(a)(2)(i). Sideboom cranes in which the boom is designed to free fall (live boom) are permitted only if manufactured prior to November 8, 2010.

1926.1440(c) - Sideboom cranes mounted on wheel or crawler tractors must meet all of the following requirements of ASME B30.14-2004 (incorporated by reference, see § 1926.6): {Reference paragraph (c)(1) - 12)].

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for equipment with a rated hoisting/lifting capacity of 2,000 pounds or less.

Special Requirements: Manufacturer prohibitions, inspections, training, qualifications, operator, signal person, hazard warnings, rated capacity, operator's manual, instructions, manufacturer instructions, qualified engineer, load chart, registered professional engineer, approved (in writing), procedures, references other standards

1926.1441(a) - The employer using this equipment must comply with the following provisions of this subpart: § 1926.1400 (Scope); § 1926.1401 (Definitions); § 1926.1402 (Ground conditions); § 1926.1403 (Assembly/disassembly—selection of manufacturer or employer procedures); § 1926.1406 (Assembly/disassembly—employer procedures); §§ 1926.1407 through 1926.1411 (Power line safety); § 1926.1412(c) (Post-assembly); §§ 1926.1413 through 1926.1414 (Wire rope); § 1926.1418 (Authority to stop operation); §§ 1926.1419 through 1926.1422 (Signals); § 1926.1423 (Fall protection); § 1926.1425 (Keeping clear of the load) (except for § 1926.1425(c)(3) (qualified rigger)); § 1926.1426 (Free fall and controlled load lowering); § 1926.1432 (Multiple crane/derrick lifts—supplemental requirements); § 1926.1434 (Equipment modifications); § 1926.1435 (Tower cranes); § 1926.1436 (Derricks); § 1926.1437 (Floating cranes/derricks and land cranes/derricks on barges); § 1926.1438 (Overhead & gantry cranes).

1926.1441(b)(1) - In addition to compliance with §§ 1926.1403 (Assembly/disassembly—selection of manufacturer or employer procedures) and 1926.1406 (Assembly/disassembly—employer procedures), the employer must also comply with § 1926.1441(b)(2)–(3).

1926.1441(b)(2)(i) - The selection of components, and the configuration of the equipment, that affect the capacity or safe operation of the equipment complies with either the:

• 1926.1441(b)(2)(i)(A) - Manufacturer instructions, recommendations, limitations, and specifications. When these documents and information are unavailable, a registered professional engineer familiar with the type of equipment involved must approve, in writing, the selection and configuration of components; or
• 1926.1441(b)(2)(i)(B) - Approved modifications that meet the requirements of § 1926.1434 (Equipment modifications).

1926.1441(b)(2)(ii) - Post-assembly inspection. Upon completion of assembly, the equipment is inspected to ensure that it is in compliance with paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section (see § 1926.1412(c) for post-assembly inspection requirements).

1926.1441(b)(3) - Manufacturer prohibitions. The employer must comply with applicable manufacturer prohibitions.

1926.1441(c)(1) - The employer must comply with all manufacturer procedures applicable to the operational functions of the equipment, including its use with attachments.

1926.1441(c)(2) - Unavailable operation procedures. The employer must: [Reference paragraph (c)(2)(i) - (iii)].

1926.1441(c)(3)(i) - The load chart is available to the operator at the control station;

1926.1441(c)(3)(ii) - Procedures applicable to the operation of the equipment, recommended operating speeds, special hazard warnings, instructions, and operator's manual are readily available for use by the operator.

1926.1441(c)(3)(iii) - When rated capacities are available at the control station only in electronic form and a failure occurs that makes the rated capacities inaccessible, the operator immediately ceases operations or follows safe shut-down procedures until the rated capacities (in electronic or other form) are available.

1926.1441(d)(1) - The employer must ensure that safety devices and operational aids that are part of the original equipment are maintained in accordance with manufacturer procedures.

1926.1441(d)(2) - Anti two-blocking. The employer must ensure that equipment covered by this section manufactured more than one year after November 8, 2010 have either an anti two-block device that meets the requirements of § 1926.1416(d)(3) - operational aids, or is designed so that, in the event of a two-block situation, no damage or load failure will occur (for example, by using a power unit that stalls in response to a two-block situation).

1926.1441(e) - Operator qualifications. The employer must train each operator, prior to operating the equipment, on the safe operation of the type of equipment the operator will be using.

1926.1441(f) - Signal person qualifications. The employer must train each signal person in the proper use of signals applicable to the use of the equipment.

1926.1441(h) - Inspections. The employer must ensure that equipment is inspected in accordance with manufacturer procedures.

1926.1441(k) - Design. The employer must ensure that the equipment is designed by a qualified engineer.

Scope: This standard provides the requirements for railroad roadway maintenance machines.

Special Requirements: Federal Railroad Administration, manufacturer guidance, references other standards

1926.1442(a) - General rule. Employers using equipment covered by this subpart that meets the definition of “roadway maintenance machine,” as defined in 49 CFR 214.7, must comply with the requirements in this subpart, except as provided in paragraphs (b)(1) through (7) of this section when subject to the authority of the Federal Railroad Administration.

1926.1442(b) - Exceptions 

• 1926.1442(b)(1) - Operator certification, training, and evaluation. The requirements in §§1926.1427 (Operator qualification and certification) and 1926.1430 (Training) do not apply. The qualification and training requirements contained in §§1926.1436(q) (Qualification and training for derricks), 1926.1440(a) (Sideboom cranes), and 1926.1441(a) (equipment with a rated hoisting/lifting capacity of 2,000 pounds or less) do not apply.
• 1926.1442(b)(2) - Rail clamps, rail stops, and work-area controls.
  • 1926.1442(b)(2)(i) - The requirement for rail clamps in §1926.1415(a)(6) - safety devices, does not apply;
  • 1926.1442(b)(2)(ii) - The requirement for rail stops in §1926.1415(a)(6) - safety devices, does not apply; and
  • 1926.1442(b)(2)(iii) - The work-area controls specified by §1926.1424(a)(2) - work area control, do not apply.
• 1926.1442(b)(3) - Out-of-level work. The restrictions on out-of-level work, and the requirements for crane-level indicators and inspections of those indicators [including the requirements in §§1926.1402(b) - ground conditions, 1926.1412(d)(1)(xi) - inspections, and 1926.1415(a)(1) - safety devices], do not apply.
• 1926.1442(b)(4) - Dragging a load sideways. The prohibition in §1926.1417(q) - operation, on dragging a load sideways does not apply.
• 1926.1442(b)(5) - Boom-hoist limiting device. The requirement in §1926.1416(d)(1) - operational aids, for a boom-hoist limiting device does not apply to roadway maintenance machines when the cranes use hydraulic cylinders to raise the booms.
• 1926.1442(b)(6) - Manufacturer guidance for modifications covered by §1926.1434 - equipment modifications. The requirements to follow the manufacturer’s guidance set forth in §1926.1434 - equipment modifications.  do not apply if the employer is subject to the requirements of 49 CFR part 214.
• 1926.1442(b)(7) - Other manufacturer guidance. The requirements to follow the manufacturer's guidance, instructions, procedures, prohibitions, limitations, or specifications, set forth in §1926.1404(j), (m), or (q) - A/D; §1926.1415(a)(6) - safety devices; §1926.1417(a), (r), (u), or (aa); §1926.1433(d)(1)(i) - design, construction and testing, or §1926.1441 - railroad roadway maintenance, do not apply if the employer is subject to the requirements of 49 CFR part 214.