Subpart H - Hazardous Materials
Subpart H provides requirements for compressed gases, flammable liquids, explosives and blasting agents, LP gases, anhydrous ammonia, process safety management of highly hazardous materials, HAZWOPER, and dipping and coating operations.
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Special Requirements
Scope: This standard provides requirements pertaining to safety relief devices.
Special Requirements: Inspections, references other standards
1910.101(a) - Inspection of compressed gas cylinders. Each employer shall determine that compressed gas cylinders under his control are in a safe condition to the extent that this can be determined by visual inspection. Visual and other inspections shall be conducted as prescribed in the Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of Transportation (49 CFR parts 171-179 and 14 CFR part 103). Where those regulations are not applicable, visual and other inspections shall be conducted in accordance with Compressed Gas Association Pamphlets C-6-1968 and C-8-1962, which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6 - incorporation by reference.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to acetylene including use (i.e., cylinders, filling, piping).
Special Requirements: Demonstrate, references other standards
1910.102(b)(2) - When employers can demonstrate that the facilities, equipment, structures, or installations used to generate acetylene or to charge (fill) acetylene cylinders were installed prior to February 16, 2006, these employers may comply with the provisions of Chapter 7 (“Acetylene Piping”) of NFPA 51A-2001 (“Standard for Acetylene Charging Plants”) (National Fire Protection Association, 2001 ed., 2001).
1910.102(c)(2) - When employers can demonstrate that the facilities, equipment, structures, or installations used to generate acetylene or to charge (fill) of acetylene cylinders were constructed or installed prior to February 16, 2006, these employers may comply with the provisions of NFPA 51A-2001 (“Standard for Acetylene Charging Plants”) (National Fire Protection Association, 2001 ed., 2001).
Scope: This standard provides the requirements pertaining to hydrogen systems.
Special Requirements: Design, tests, inspections, markings, placards, authorized personnel, qualified person, operating instructions (written), practices, supervision, references other standards
Gaseous hydrogen system is one in which the hydrogen is delivered, stored and discharged in the gaseous form to consumer's piping. The system includes stationary or movable containers, pressure regulators, safety relief devices, manifolds, interconnecting piping and controls. The system terminates at the point where hydrogen at service pressure first enters the consumer's distribution piping.
1910.103(b)(1)(i)(a)(1) - Containers. Designed, constructed, and tested in accordance with appropriate requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, section VIII - Unfired Pressure Vessels - 1968, which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6 - incorporation by reference.
1910.103(b)(1)(i)(a)(2) - Containers. Designed, constructed, tested and maintained in accordance with U.S. Department of Transportation Specifications and Regulations.
1910.103(b)(1)(i)(c) - Each portable container shall be legibly marked with the name "Hydrogen" in accordance with the marking requirements set forth in 1910.253(b)(1)(ii). Each manifolded hydrogen supply unit shall be legibly marked with the name "Hydrogen" or a legend such as "This unit contains hydrogen."
1910.103(b)(1)(ii)(c) - Safety relief devices or vent piping shall be designed or located so that moisture cannot collect and freeze in a manner which would interfere with proper operation of the device.
1910.103(b)(1)(iv)(b) - Installation of hydrogen systems shall be supervised by personnel familiar with proper practices with reference to their construction and use.
Scope: This standard applies to the installation of bulk oxygen systems on industrial and institutional consumer premises. This section does not apply to oxygen manufacturing plants or other establishments operated by the oxygen supplier or his agent for the purpose of storing oxygen and refilling portable containers, trailers, mobile supply trucks, or tank cars, nor to systems having capacities less than those stated in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
Special Requirements: Design, tests, references other standards
1910.104(b)(4)(ii) - Construction - liquid. Liquid oxygen storage containers shall be fabricated from materials meeting the impact test requirements of paragraph UG-84 of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, section VIII - Unfired Pressure Vessels - 1968, which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6 - incorporation by reference. Containers operating at pressures above 15 pounds per square inch gage (p.s.i.g.) shall be designed, constructed, and tested in accordance with appropriate requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, section VII - Unfired Pressure Vessels - 1968. Insulation surrounding the liquid oxygen container shall be noncombustible.
A bulk oxygen system is an assembly of equipment, such as oxygen storage containers, pressure regulators, safety devices, vaporizers, manifolds, and interconnecting piping, which has storage capacity of more than 13,000 cubic feet of oxygen, Normal Temperature and Pressure (NTP), connected in service or ready for service, or more than 25,000 cubic feet of oxygen (NTP) including unconnected reserves on hand at the site. The bulk oxygen system terminates at the point where oxygen at service pressure first enters the supply line. The oxygen containers may be stationary or movable, and the oxygen may be stored as gas or liquid.
Scope: This standard applies to the handling, storage, and use of flammable liquids with a flashpoint at or below 199.4 °F (93 °C) unless otherwise noted.
Special Requirements: Certification, qualified observer, calculations, nameplates, printed instructions, safe procedures, operating practices, tests, inspections, responsible charge, notifications, references other standards
1910.106(b)(2)(v)(i) - The flow capacity of tank venting devices 12 inches and smaller in nominal pipe size shall be determined by actual test of each type and size of vent. These flow tests may be conducted by the manufacturer if certified by a qualified impartial observer, or may be conducted by an outside agency. The flow capacity of tank venting devices larger than 12 inches nominal pipe size, including manhole covers with long bolts or equivalent, may be calculated provided that the opening pressure is actually measured, the rating pressure and corresponding free orifice area are stated, the word "calculated" appears on the nameplate, and the computation is based on a flow coefficient of 0.5 applied to the rated orifice area.
1910.106(b)(5)(vi)(v) - Inspections. The Assistant Secretary or his designated representative shall make periodic inspections of all plants where the storage of flammable liquids is such as to require compliance with the foregoing requirements, in order to assure the following:
- 1910.106(b)(5)(vi)(v)(1) - That all flammable liquid storage tanks are in compliance with these requirements and so maintained.
- 1910.106(b)(5)(vi)(v)(2) - That detailed printed instructions of what to do in flood emergencies are properly posted.
- 1910.106(b)(5)(vi)(v)(3) - That station operators and other employees depended upon to carry out such instructions are thoroughly informed as to the location and operation of such valves and other equipment necessary to effect these requirements.
1910.106(c)(1)(i) - Design. The design (including selection of materials) fabrication, assembly, test, and inspection of piping systems containing flammable liquids shall be suitable for the expected working pressures and structural stresses. Conformity with the applicable provisions of Pressure Piping, ASME B31 series and the provisions of this paragraph, shall be considered prima facie evidence of compliance with the foregoing provisions.
1910.106(f)(4)(vii) - Hoses and couplings. All pressure hoses and couplings shall be inspected at intervals appropriate to the service. The hose and couplings shall be tested with the hose extended and using the "inservice maximum operating pressures." Any hose showing material deteriorations, signs of leakage, or weakness in its carcass or at the couplings shall be withdrawn from service and repaired or discarded.
1910.106(f)(4)(viii)(g) - Pipelines on flammable liquids wharves shall be adequately bonded and grounded. If excessive stray currents are encountered, insulating joints shall be installed. Bonding and grounding connections on all pipelines shall be located on wharfside of hose-riser insulating flanges, if used, and shall be accessible for inspection.
1910.106(g)(1)(ii)(b) - Special enclosures. The enclosure shall be substantially liquid and vaportight without backfill. Sides, top, and bottom of the enclosure shall be of reinforced concrete at least 6 inches thick, with openings for inspection through the top only. Tank connections shall be so piped or closed that neither vapors nor liquid can escape into the enclosed space. Means shall be provided whereby portable equipment may be employed to discharge to the outside any liquid or vapors which might accumulate should leakage occur.
1910.106(g)(3)(v)(c) - Pits for subsurface pumps or piping manifolds of submersible pumps shall withstand the external forces to which they may be subjected without damage to the pump, tank, or piping. The pit shall be no larger than necessary for inspection and maintenance and shall be provided with a fitted cover.
1910.106(h)(6)(iii) - Fire control. Alarm systems. An approved means for prompt notification of fire to those within the plant and any public fire department available shall be provided. It may be advisable to connect the plant system with the public system where public fire alarm system is available.
1910.106(h)(6)(iv) - Fire control. Maintenance. All plant fire protection facilities shall be adequately maintained and periodically inspected and tested to make sure they are always in satisfactory operating condition and that they will serve their purpose in time of emergency.
1910.106(h)(7)(ii)(b) - Hot work, such as welding or cutting operations, use of spark-producing power tools, and chipping operations shall be permitted only under supervision of an individual in responsible charge who shall make an inspection of the area to be sure that it is safe for the work to be done and that safe procedures will be followed for the work specified.
Flammable liquid means any liquid having a flashpoint at or below 199.4 °F (93 °C). Flammable liquids are divided into four categories as follows:
- Category 1 shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73.4 °F (23 °C) and having a boiling point at or below 95 °F (35 °C).
- Category 2 shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73.4 °F (23 °C) and having a boiling point above 95 °F (35 °C).
- Category 3 shall include liquids having flashpoints at or above 73.4 °F (23 °C) and at or below 140 °F (60 °C). When a Category 3 liquid with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C) is heated for use to within 30 °F (16.7 °C) of its flashpoint, it shall be handled in accordance with the requirements for a Category 3 liquid with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C).
- Category 4 shall include liquids having flashpoints above 140 °F (60 °C) and at or below 199.4 °F (93 °C). When a Category 4 flammable liquid is heated for use to within 30 °F (16.7 °C) of its flashpoint, it shall be handled in accordance with the requirements for a Category 3 liquid with a flashpoint at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C). Note: When liquid with a flashpoint greater than 199.4 °F (93 °C) is heated for use to within 30 °F (16.7 °C) of its flashpoint, it shall be handled in accordance with the requirements for a Category 4 flammable liquid.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for spray finishing operations using flammable and combustible materials.
Special Requirements: Designs, inspections, maintenance, approved cans, posted signs
- 1910.107(g)(3) - Residue disposal. Residue scrapings and debris contaminated with residue shall be immediately removed from the premises and properly disposed of. Approved metal waste cans shall be provided wherever rags or waste are impregnated with finishing material and all such rags or waste deposited therein immediately after use. The contents of waste cans shall be properly disposed of at least once daily or at the end of each shift.
Spray booth - A power-ventilated structure provided to enclose or accommodate a spraying operation to confine and limit the escape of spray, vapor, and residue, and to safely conduct or direct them to an exhaust system.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for the use, transport, manufacture and storage of explosives and blasting agents.
Special Requirements: Posted signs, manufacturer instructions, markings, placards, instructions, measures, procedures, designated routes, authorized storage areas, warning signals, warning flags, training, maintenance program
1910.109(c)(2)(iii) - Property upon which Class I magazines are located and property where Class II magazines are located outside of buildings shall be posted with signs reading “Explosives - Keep Off.”
1910.109(c)(5)(iv) - Magazine floors shall be regularly swept, kept clean, dry, free of grit, paper, empty used packages, and rubbish. Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not have any spark-producing metal parts. Sweepings from floors of magazines shall be properly disposed of. Magazine floors stained with nitroglycerin shall be cleaned according to instructions by the manufacturer.
1910.109(c)(5)(v) - When any explosive has deteriorated to an extent that it is in an unstable or dangerous condition, or if nitroglycerin leaks from any explosives, then the person in possession of such explosive shall immediately proceed to destroy such explosive in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. Only experienced persons shall be allowed to do the work of destroying explosives.
1910.109(d)(2)(ii) - Every vehicle used for transporting explosives and oxidizing materials listed in paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(a) of this section shall be marked as follows:
- 1910.109(d)(2)(ii)(a) - Exterior markings or placards required on applicable vehicles shall be as follows for the various classes of commodities:
- 1910.109(d)(2)(ii)(c) - Such markings or placards shall be displayed at the front, rear, and on each side of the motor vehicle or trailer, or other cargo carrying body while it contains explosives or other dangerous articles of such type and in such quantity as specified in paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(a) of this subdivision. The front marking or placard may be displayed on the front of either the truck, truck body, truck tractor or the trailer.
- 1910.109(d)(2)(ii)(d) - Any motor vehicle, trailer, or other cargo-carrying body containing more than one kind of explosive as well as an oxidizing material requiring a placard under the provisions of paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(a), the aggregate gross weight of which totals 1,000 pounds or more, shall be marked or placarded "Dangerous" as well as "Explosive A" or "Explosive B" as appropriate. If explosives Class A and explosives Class B are loaded on the same vehicle, the "Explosives B" marking need not be displayed.
- 1910.109(d)(2)(ii)(e) - In any combination of two or more vehicles containing explosives or other dangerous articles each vehicle shall be marked or placarded as to its contents and in accordance with paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(a) and paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(c) of this subdivision.
1910.109(f)(2) - Packing and marking. No person shall deliver any explosive to any carrier unless such explosive conforms in all respects, including marking and packing, to the U.S. Department of Transportation Regulations for the Transportation of Explosives.
1910.109(f)(3) - Marking cars. Every railway car containing explosives which has reached its designation, or is stopped in transit so as no longer to be in interstate commerce, shall have attached to both sides and ends of the car, cards with the words “Explosives - Handle Carefully - Keep Fire Away” in red letters at least 1½ inches high on a white background.
1910.109(h)(4)(ii)(b) - Bulk delivery and mixing vehicles. The operator shall be trained in the safe operation of the vehicle together with its mixing, conveying, and related equipment. He shall be familiar with the commodities being delivered and the general procedure for handling emergency situations.
1910.109(i)(1)(i)(d) - The storage of ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitrate mixtures that are more sensitive than allowed by the "Definition of Test Procedures for Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer" is prohibited.
1910.109(i)(4)(ii)(c) - The ammonium nitrate storage bins or piles shall be clearly identified by signs reading "Ammonium Nitrate" with letters at least 2 inches high.
Explosive is defined as any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion, i.e., with substantially instantaneous release of gas and heat, unless such compound, mixture, or device is otherwise specifically classified by the U.S. Department of Transportation; see 49 CFR chapter I. The term "explosives" shall include all material which is classified as Class A, Class B, and Class C explosives by the U.S. Department of Transportation, and includes, but is not limited to dynamite, black powder, pellet powders, initiating explosives, blasting caps, electric blasting caps, safety fuse, fuse lighters, fuse igniters, squibs, cordeau detonant fuse, instantaneous fuse, igniter cord, igniters, small arms ammunition, small arms ammunition primers, smokeless propellant, cartridges for propellant-actuated power devices, and cartridges for industrial guns. Commercial explosives are those explosives which are intended to be used in commercial or industrial operations.
Blasting agent is defined as any material or mixture, consisting of a fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting, not otherwise classified as an explosive and in which none of the ingredients are classified as an explosive, provided that the finished product, as mixed and packaged for use or shipment, cannot be detonated by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap when unconfined.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for the storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases.
Special Requirements: Design, tests, stamped, markings, instructions, maintenance, training
1910.110(b)(3)(i) - Containers used with systems embodied in paragraphs (d), (e), (g), and (h) of this section, except as provided in paragraphs (e)(3)(iii) and (g)(2)(i) of this section, shall be designed, constructed, and tested in accordance with the Rules for Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessels, section VIII, Division 1, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 1968 edition, which is incorporated by reference as specified in 1910.6 - incorporation by reference.
1910.110(b)(3)(v) - Containers used with systems embodied in paragraphs (b), (d)(3)(iii), and (f) of this section, shall be constructed, tested, and stamped in accordance with DOT specifications effective at the date of their manufacture.
1910.110(b)(5)(i) - Markings on containers. Each container covered in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section, except as provided in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section shall be marked [Reference paragraphs (b)(5)(i)(a) - (i)].
1910.110(b)(8)(ix) - All piping, tubing, or hose shall be tested after assembly and proved free from leaks at not less than normal operating pressures. After installation, piping and tubing of all domestic and commercial systems shall be tested and proved free of leaks using a manometer or equivalent device that will indicate a drop in pressure. Test shall not be made with a flame.
1910.110(b)(11)(ii)(c) - Vaporizers of less than 1 quart capacity heated by the ground or surrounding air, need not be equipped with safety relief valves provided that adequate tests demonstrate that the assembly is safe without safety relief valves.
1910.110(b)(11)(iii) - Direct gas-fired vaporizers shall be constructed, marked, and installed as follows. [Reference paragraphs 1910.110(b)(11)(iii)(a)(1) - (2)].
1910.110(b)(16) - Instructions. Personnel performing installation, removal, operation, and maintenance work shall be properly trained in such function.
1910.110(c)(5)(ix) - Containers are permitted to be used temporarily in buildings for training purposes related in installation and use of LP-Gas systems, as follows. [Reference paragraphs (c)(5)(ix)(a) - (b)].
1910.110(d)(4)(v)(a) - Vaporizers of less than 1 quart total capacity, heated by the ground or the surrounding air, need not be equipped with safety relief valves provided that adequate tests certified by any of the authorities referred to in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, demonstrate that the assembly is safe without safety relief valves.
1910.110(d)(12)(i) - When standard watch service is provided, it shall be extended to the LP-Gas installation and personnel properly trained.
1910.110(e)(5)(iv)(c) - In the case of containers used solely in farm tractor service, and charged at a point at least 50 feet from any important building, the fixed liquid-level gaging device may be so constructed that the outward flow of container content exceeds that passed by a No. 54 drill size opening, but in no case shall the flow exceed that passed by a No. 31 drill-size opening. An excess flow valve is not required. Fittings equipped with such restricted drill size opening and container on which they are used shall be marked to indicate the size of the opening.
1910.110(e)(8)(iv) - Each vaporizer shall be permanently marked at a visible point. {Reference paragraphs (e)(8)(iv)(a) - (b)].
1910.110(h)(9)(vii) - All piping shall be tested after assembly and proved free from leaks at not less than normal operating pressures.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for the storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia.
Special Requirements: Markings, inspections, nameplates, labels, etched, impressed
1910.111(b)(3)(i) - Marking nonrefrigerated containers. System nameplates, when required, shall be permanently attached to the system so as to be readily accessible for inspection and shall include markings as prescribed in subdivision (b)(3)(ii) of this subparagraph.
- 1910.111(b)(3)(ii) - Each container or system covered in paragraphs (c), (f), (g), and (h) of this section shall be marked as specified in the following. [Reference paragraphs (b)(3)(ii)(a) - (j)].
1910.111(b)(4) - Marking refrigerated containers. Each refrigerated container shall be marked with nameplate on the outer covering in an accessible place as specified in the following. [Reference paragraphs (b)(4)(i) - (viii)].
1910.111(b)(6)(viii) - All excess flow valves shall be plainly and permanently marked with the name or trademark of the manufacturer, the catalog number, and the rated capacity.
1910.111(b)(8)(v) - On all hose one-half inch outside diameter and larger, used for the transfer of anhydrous ammonia liquid or vapor, there shall be etched, cast, or impressed at 5-foot intervals the following information [Reference paragraph (b)(8)(v)].
1910.111(b)(9)(vii) - Each container safety-relief valve used with systems covered by paragraphs (c), (f), (g), and (h) of this section shall be plainly and permanently marked with the symbol “NH3” or “AA”; with the pressure in pounds-per-square-inch gage at which the valve is set to start-to-discharge; with the actual rate of discharge of the valve at its full open position in cubic feet per minute of air at 60 °F. and atmospheric pressure; and with the manufacturer's name and catalog number. Example: “NH3 250-4050 Air” indicates that the valve is suitable for use on an anhydrous ammonia container, is set to start-to-discharge at a pressure of 250 p.s.i.g., and that its rate of discharge at full open position (subdivisions (ii) and (iii) of this subparagraph) is 4,050 cubic feet per minute of air.
1910.111(e)(1) - Systems utilizing portable DOT containers. Conformance. Cylinders shall comply with DOT specifications and shall be maintained, filled, packaged, marked, labeled, and shipped to comply with 49 CFR chapter I and the marking requirements set forth in 1910.253(b)(1)(ii) - oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting.
1910.111(g)(5) - Marking the container. There shall appear on each side and on the rear end of the container in letters at least 4 inches high, the words, “Caution - Ammonia” or the container shall be marked in accordance with DOT regulations.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for preventing or minimizing the consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals. These releases may result in toxic, fire or explosion hazards.
Special Requirements: Information (written), safety performance and programs, team, recommendations, emergency action plan (written), training (document), evaluations, work practices, documentation, safety rules, inform, explain, instructions, records, procedures (written), inspections (document), safe work practices, advise, reviews, process hazard analysis (written), information, methodologies, schedules, permits (document), updates, incident reports, reviews, audits, communicate, engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, operating procedures (written), agreements, evaluate, prepare, certify, references other standards
1910.119(c)(1) - Employers shall develop a written plan of action regarding the implementation of the employee participation required by this paragraph.
1910.119(c)(2) - Employers shall consult with employees and their representatives on the conduct and development of process hazards analyses and on the development of the other elements of process safety management in this standard.
1910.119(c)(3) - Employers shall provide to employees and their representatives access to process hazard analyses and to all other information required to be developed under this standard.
1910.119(d) - Process safety information. In accordance with the schedule set forth in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the employer shall complete a compilation of written process safety information before conducting any process hazard analysis required by the standard. The compilation of written process safety information is to enable the employer and the employees involved in operating the process to identify and understand the hazards posed by those processes involving highly hazardous chemicals. This process safety information shall include information pertaining to the hazards of the highly hazardous chemicals used or produced by the process, information pertaining to the technology of the process, and information pertaining to the equipment in the process.
1910.119(d)(1) - Information pertaining to the hazards of the highly hazardous chemicals in the process. This information shall consist of at least the following: [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (vii)].
1910.119(d)(2) - Information pertaining to the technology of the process. [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (ii)].
1910.119(d)(3)(i) - Information pertaining to the equipment in the process shall include: [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i)(A) - (H)].
1910.119(e)(1) - The employer shall perform an initial process hazard analysis (hazard evaluation) on processes covered by this standard. The process hazard analysis shall be appropriate to the complexity of the process and shall identify, evaluate, and control the hazards involved in the process. Employers shall determine and document the priority order for conducting process hazard analyses based on a rationale which includes such considerations as extent of the process hazards, number of potentially affected employees, age of the process, and operating history of the process. The process hazard analysis shall be conducted as soon as possible, but not later than the following schedule: [Reference paragraph (e)(1)(i) - (v)].
1910.119(e)(2) - The employer shall use one or more of the following methodologies that are appropriate to determine and evaluate the hazards of the process being analyzed. [Reference paragraph (e)(2)(i) - (vii)].
1910.119(e)(3) - The process hazard analysis shall address: [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(i) - (vii)].
1910.119(e)(4) - The process hazard analysis shall be performed by a team with expertise in engineering and process operations, and the team shall include at least one employee who has experience and knowledge specific to the process being evaluated. Also, one member of the team must be knowledgeable in the specific process hazard analysis methodology being used.
1910.119(e)(5) - The employer shall establish a system to promptly address the team's findings and recommendations; assure that the recommendations are resolved in a timely manner and that the resolution is documented; document what actions are to be taken; complete actions as soon as possible; develop a written schedule of when these actions are to be completed; communicate the actions to operating, maintenance and other employees whose work assignments are in the process and who may be affected by the recommendations or actions.
1910.119(e)(6) - At least every five (5) years after the completion of the initial process hazard analysis, the process hazard analysis shall be updated and revalidated by a team meeting the requirements in paragraph (e)(4) of this section, to assure that the process hazard analysis is consistent with the current process.
1910.119(e)(7) - Employers shall retain process hazards analyses and updates or revalidations for each process covered by this section, as well as the documented resolution of recommendations described in paragraph (e)(5) of this section for the life of the process.
1910.119(f)(1) - The employer shall develop and implement written operating procedures that provide clear instructions for safely conducting activities involved in each covered process consistent with the process safety information and shall address at least the following elements. [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (iv)].
1910.119(f)(3) - The operating procedures shall be reviewed as often as necessary to assure that they reflect current operating practice, including changes that result from changes in process chemicals, technology, and equipment, and changes to facilities. The employer shall certify annually that these operating procedures are current and accurate.
1910.119(f)(4) - The employer shall develop and implement safe work practices to provide for the control of hazards during operations such as lockout/tagout; confined space entry; opening process equipment or piping; and control over entrance into a facility by maintenance, contractor, laboratory, or other support personnel. These safe work practices shall apply to employees and contractor employees.
1910.119(g)(1)(i) - Each employee presently involved in operating a process, and each employee before being involved in operating a newly assigned process, shall be trained in an overview of the process and in the operating procedures as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. The training shall include emphasis on the specific safety and health hazards, emergency operations including shutdown, and safe work practices applicable to the employee's job tasks.
1910.119(g)(1)(ii) - In lieu of initial training for those employees already involved in operating a process on May 26, 1992, an employer may certify in writing that the employee has the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely carry out the duties and responsibilities as specified in the operating procedures.
1910.119(g)(2) - Refresher training. Refresher training shall be provided at least every three years, and more often if necessary, to each employee involved in operating a process to assure that the employee understands and adheres to the current operating procedures of the process. The employer, in consultation with the employees involved in operating the process, shall determine the appropriate frequency of refresher training.
1910.119(g)(3) - Training documentation. The employer shall ascertain that each employee involved in operating a process has received and understood the training required by this paragraph. The employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify that the employee understood the training.
1910.119(h)(2) - Employer responsibilities.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(i) - The employer, when selecting a contractor, shall obtain and evaluate information regarding the contract employer's safety performance and programs.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(ii) - The employer shall inform contract employers of the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to the contractor's work and the process.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(iii) - The employer shall explain to contract employers the applicable provisions of the emergency action plan required by paragraph (n) of this section.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(iv) - The employer shall develop and implement safe work practices consistent with paragraph (f)(4) of this section, to control the entrance, presence and exit of contract employers and contract employees in covered process areas.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(v) - The employer shall periodically evaluate the performance of contract employers in fulfilling their obligations as specified in paragraph (h)(3) of this section.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(vi) - The employer shall maintain a contract employee injury and illness log related to the contractor's work in process areas.
1910.119(h)(3) - Contract employer responsibilities.
- 1910.119(h)(3)(i) - The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee is trained in the work practices necessary to safely perform his/her job.
- 1910.119(h)(3)(ii) - The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee is instructed in the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to his/her job and the process, and the applicable provisions of the emergency action plan.
- 1910.119(h)(3)(iii) - The contract employer shall document that each contract employee has received and understood the training required by this paragraph. The contract employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the contract employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify that the employee understood the training.
- 1910.119(h)(3)(iv) - The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee follows the safety rules of the facility including the safe work practices required by paragraph (f)(4) of this section.
- 1910.119(h)(3)(v) - The contract employer shall advise the employer of any unique hazards presented by the contract employer's work, or of any hazards found by the contract employer's work.
1910.119(i)(1) - Pre-startup safety review. The employer shall perform a pre-startup safety review for new facilities and for modified facilities when the modification is significant enough to require a change in the process safety information.
1910.119(i)(2) - The pre-startup safety review shall confirm that prior to the introduction of highly hazardous chemicals to a process:
- 1910.119(i)(2)(i) - Construction and equipment is in accordance with design specifications;
- 1910.119(i)(2)(ii) - Safety, operating, maintenance, and emergency procedures are in place and are adequate;
- 1910.119(i)(2)(iii) - For new facilities, a process hazard analysis has been performed and recommendations have been resolved or implemented before startup; and modified facilities meet the requirements contained in management of change, paragraph (l).
- 1910.119(i)(2)(iv) - Training of each employee involved in operating a process has been completed.
1910.119(j)(2) - Written procedures. The employer shall establish and implement written procedures to maintain the on-going integrity of process equipment.
1910.119(j)(3) - Training for process maintenance activities. The employer shall train each employee involved in maintaining the on-going integrity of process equipment in an overview of that process and its hazards and in the procedures applicable to the employee's job tasks to assure that the employee can perform the job tasks in a safe manner.
1910.119(j)(4) - Inspection and testing.
- 1910.119(j)(4)(i) - Inspections and tests shall be performed on process equipment.
- 1910.119(j)(4)(ii) - Inspection and testing procedures shall follow recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices.
- 1910.119(j)(4)(iii) - The frequency of inspections and tests of process equipment shall be consistent with applicable manufacturers' recommendations and good engineering practices, and more frequently if determined to be necessary by prior operating experience.
- 1910.119(j)(4)(iv) - The employer shall document each inspection and test that has been performed on process equipment. The documentation shall identify the date of the inspection or test, the name of the person who performed the inspection or test, the serial number or other identifier of the equipment on which the inspection or test was performed, a description of the inspection or test performed, and the results of the inspection or test.
1910.119(j)(6)(ii) - Appropriate checks and inspections shall be performed to assure that equipment is installed properly and consistent with design specifications and the manufacturer's instructions.
1910.119(k) - Hot work permits
- 1910.119(k)(1) - The employer shall issue a hot work permit for hot work operations conducted on or near a covered process.
- 1910.119(k)(2) - The permit shall document that the fire prevention and protection requirements in 29 CFR 1910.252(a) - welding, cutting and brazing, general requirements, have been implemented prior to beginning the hot work operations; it shall indicate the date(s) authorized for hot work; and identify the object on which hot work is to be performed. The permit shall be kept on file until completion of the hot work operations.
1910.119(l)(1) - The employer shall establish and implement written procedures to manage changes (except for "replacements in kind") to process chemicals, technology, equipment, and procedures; and, changes to facilities that affect a covered process.
1910.119(l)(2) - The procedures shall assure that the following considerations are addressed prior to any change.
- 1910.119(l)(2)(iii) - Modifications to operating procedures;
1910.119(l)(3) - Employees involved in operating a process and maintenance and contract employees whose job tasks will be affected by a change in the process shall be informed of, and trained in, the change prior to start-up of the process or affected part of the process.
1910.119(l)(4) - If a change covered by this paragraph results in a change in the process safety information required by paragraph (d) of this section, such information shall be updated accordingly.
1910.119(l)(5) - If a change covered by this paragraph results in a change in the operating procedures or practices required by paragraph (f) of this section, such procedures or practices shall be updated accordingly.
1910.119(m)(1) - The employer shall investigate each incident which resulted in, or could reasonably have resulted in a catastrophic release of highly hazardous chemical in the workplace.
1910.119(m)(2) - An incident investigation shall be initiated as promptly as possible, but not later than 48 hours following the incident.
1910.119(m)(3) - An incident investigation team shall be established and consist of at least one person knowledgeable in the process involved, including a contract employee if the incident involved work of the contractor, and other persons with appropriate knowledge and experience to thoroughly investigate and analyze the incident.
1910.119(m)(4) - A report shall be prepared at the conclusion of the investigation which includes at a minimum [Reference paragraphs (m)(4)(i) - (v)].
1910.119(m)(5) - The employer shall establish a system to promptly address and resolve the incident report findings and recommendations. Resolutions and corrective actions shall be documented.
1910.119(m)(6) - The report shall be reviewed with all affected personnel whose job tasks are relevant to the incident findings including contract employees where applicable.
1910.119(m)(7) - Incident investigation reports shall be retained for five years.
1910.119(n) - Emergency planning and response. The employer shall establish and implement an emergency action plan for the entire plant in accordance with the provisions of 29 CFR 1910.38 - emergency action plans. In addition, the emergency action plan shall include procedures for handling small releases. Employers covered under this standard may also be subject to the hazardous waste and emergency response provisions contained in 29 CFR 1910.120 - hazardous waste operations and emergency response, (a) - clean-up operations, (p) - treatment, storage and disposal (TSD), and (q) - emergency response operations.
1910.119(o) - Compliance Audits.
- 1910.119(o)(1) - Employers shall certify that they have evaluated compliance with the provisions of this section at least every three years to verify that the procedures and practices developed under the standard are adequate and are being followed.
- 1910.119(o)(2) - The compliance audit shall be conducted by at least one person knowledgeable in the process.
- 1910.119(o)(3) - A report of the findings of the audit shall be developed.
- 1910.119(o)(4) - The employer shall promptly determine and document an appropriate response to each of the findings of the compliance audit, and document that deficiencies have been corrected.
- 1910.119(o)(5) - Employers shall retain the two (2) most recent compliance audit reports.
1910.119(p) - Trade secrets.
- 1910.119(p)(1) - Employers shall make all information necessary to comply with the section available to those persons responsible for compiling the process safety information (required by paragraph (d) of this section), those assisting in the development of the process hazard analysis (required by paragraph (e) of this section), those responsible for developing the operating procedures (required by paragraph (f) of this section), and those involved in incident investigations (required by paragraph (m) of this section), emergency planning and response (paragraph (n) of this section) and compliance audits (paragraph (o) of this section) without regard to possible trade secret status of such information.
- 1910.119(p)(2) - Nothing in this paragraph shall preclude the employer from requiring the persons to whom the information is made available under paragraph (p)(1) of this section to enter into confidentiality agreements not to disclose the information as set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200 - hazard communication.
- 1910.119(p)(3) - Subject to the rules and procedures set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200(i)(1) through 1910.1200(i)(12), employees and their designated representatives shall have access to trade secret information contained within the process hazard analysis and other documents required to be developed by this standard.
Highly hazardous chemical means a substance possessing toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties.
Normally unoccupied remote facility means a facility which is operated, maintained or serviced by employees who visit the facility only periodically to check its operation and to perform necessary operating or maintenance tasks. No employees are permanently stationed at the facility. Facilities meeting this definition are not contiguous with, and must be geographically remote from all other buildings, processes or persons.
Process means any activity involving a highly hazardous chemical including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling, or the on-site movement of such chemicals, or combination of these activities. For purposes of this definition, any group of vessels which are interconnected and separate vessels which are located such that a highly hazardous chemical could be involved in a potential release shall be considered a single process.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for clean-up operations by an employer [paragraph (b) - (o)]; treatment, storage and disposal [paragraph (p)]; and emergency response when dealing with hazardous waste [paragraph (q)].
Clean-up operation means an operation where hazardous substances are removed, contained, incinerated, neutralized, stabilized, cleared-up, or in any other manner processed or handled with the ultimate goal of making the site safer for people or the environment.
Emergency response or responding to emergencies means a response effort by employees from outside the immediate release area or by other designated responders (i.e., mutual aid groups, local fire departments, etc.) to an occurrence which results, or is likely to result, in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance. Note: Responses to incidental releases of hazardous substances where the substance can be absorbed, neutralized, or otherwise controlled at the time of release by employees in the immediate release area, or by maintenance personnel are not considered to be emergency responses within the scope of this standard. Responses to releases of hazardous substances where there is no potential safety or health hazard (i.e., fire, explosion, or chemical exposure) are not considered to be emergency responses.
Special Requirements: Safety and health program (written), site safety and health plan, informational program, employee alarm system, spill containment program, personal protective equipment program (written, personal protective equipment, air monitoring program, site control program, emergency response plan (written), emergency incident procedures, medical surveillance program, training, inform, procedures, reviews, updates, workplan, organizational structure, engineering controls, plans, briefings, surveys, evaluations, air monitoring, information, certification, written certificates, qualifications, new technology programs, techniques, field experience, copies, instructors, alerting, practices, competent, doffing procedures, work history, physician, operations, credentials, techniques, published exposure levels, inspections, informational programs, respirators, decontamination procedures, training program, standard operating procedures, decontamination program, briefings, training course, new technology program, material handling program, hazard communication program, labels, competent skills, HazMat team, records, references other standards
Clean-Up Operations
1910.120(b)(1)(i) - Employers shall develop and implement a written safety and health program for their employees involved in hazardous waste operations. The program shall be designed to identify, evaluate, and control safety and health hazards, and provide for emergency response for hazardous waste operations.
1910.120(b)(1)(ii) - The written safety and health program shall incorporate the following. [Reference paragraphs (b)(1)(ii)(A) - (G)].
1910.120(b)(1)(iv) - Contractors and sub-contractors. An employer who retains contractor or sub-contractor services for work in hazardous waste operations shall inform those contractors, sub-contractors, or their representatives of the site emergency response procedures and any potential fire, explosion, health, safety or other hazards of the hazardous waste operation that have been identified by the employer, including those identified in the employer's information program.
1910.120(b)(1)(v) - Program availability. The written safety and health program shall be made available to any contractor or subcontractor or their representative who will be involved with the hazardous waste operation; to employees; to employee designated representatives; to OSHA personnel, and to personnel of other Federal, state, or local agencies with regulatory authority over the site.
1910.120(b)(2)(i) - The organizational structure part of the program shall establish the specific chain of command and specify the overall responsibilities of supervisors and employees. It shall include, at a minimum, the following elements. [Reference paragraphs (b)(2)(i)(A) - (D)].
1910.120(b)(2)(ii) - The organizational structure shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to reflect the current status of waste site operations.
1910.120(b)(3) - Comprehensive workplan part of the site program (i.e.; informational programs; medical surveillance program). The comprehensive workplan part of the program shall address the tasks and objectives of the site operations and the logistics and resources required to reach those tasks and objectives. [Reference paragraphs (b)(3)(i) - (vi)].
1910.120(b)(4)(i) - General. The site safety and health plan, which must be kept on site, shall address the safety and health hazards of each phase of site operation and include the requirements and procedures for employee protection.
1910.120(b)(4)(ii) - Elements. The site safety and health plan (i.e.; PPE program; site control program; spill containment program; emergency response plan), as a minimum, shall address the following. [Reference paragraphs (b)(4)(ii)(A) - (J)].
1910.120(b)(4)(iii) - Pre-entry briefing. The site specific safety and health plan shall provide for pre-entry briefings to be held prior to initiating any site activity, and at such other times as necessary to ensure that employees are apprised of the site safety and health plan and that this plan is being followed. The information and data obtained from site characterization and analysis work required in paragraph (c) of this section shall be used to prepare and update the site safety and health plan.
1910.120(b)(4)(iv) - Effectiveness of site safety and health plan. Inspections shall be conducted by the site safety and health supervisor or, in the absence of that individual, another individual who is knowledgeable in occupational safety and health, acting on behalf of the employer as necessary to determine the effectiveness of the site safety and health plan. Any deficiencies in the effectiveness of the site safety and health plan shall be corrected by the employer.
1910.120(c)(1) - General. Hazardous waste sites shall be evaluated in accordance with this paragraph to identify specific site hazards and to determine the appropriate safety and health control procedures needed to protect employees from the identified hazards.
1910.120(c)(2) - Preliminary evaluation. A preliminary evaluation of a site's characteristics shall be performed prior to site entry by a qualified person in order to aid in the selection of appropriate employee protection methods prior to site entry. Immediately after initial site entry, a more detailed evaluation of the site's specific characteristics shall be performed by a qualified person in order to further identify existing site hazards and to further aid in the selection of the appropriate engineering controls and personal protective equipment for the tasks to be performed.
1910.120(c)(3) - Hazard identification. All suspected conditions that may pose inhalation or skin absorption hazards that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH), or other conditions that may cause death or serious harm, shall be identified during the preliminary survey and evaluated during the detailed survey. Examples of such hazards include, but are not limited to, confined space entry, potentially explosive or flammable situations, visible vapor clouds, or areas where biological indicators such as dead animals or vegetation are located.
1910.120(c)(4) - Required information. The following information to the extent available shall be obtained by the employer prior to allowing employees to enter a site. [Reference paragraphs (c)(4)(i) - (viii)].
1910.120(c)(5) - Personal protective equipment. Personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be provided and used during initial site entry in accordance with the following requirements:
- 1910.120(c)(5)(i) - Based upon the results of the preliminary site evaluation, an ensemble of PPE shall be selected and used during initial site entry which will provide protection to a level of exposure below permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels for known or suspected hazardous substances and health hazards, and which will provide protection against other known and suspected hazards identified during the preliminary site evaluation. If there is no permissible exposure limit or published exposure level, the employer may use other published studies and information as a guide to appropriate personal protective equipment.
- 1910.120(c)(5)(ii) - If positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus is not used as part of the entry ensemble, and if respiratory protection is warranted by the potential hazards identified during the preliminary site evaluation, an escape self-contained breathing apparatus of at least five minute's duration shall be carried by employees during initial site entry.
- 1910.120(c)(5)(iii) - If the preliminary site evaluation does not produce sufficient information to identify the hazards or suspected hazards of the site, an ensemble providing protection equivalent to Level B PPE shall be provided as minimum protection, and direct reading instruments shall be used as appropriate for identifying IDLH conditions. (See appendix B for a description of Level B hazards and the recommendations for Level B protective equipment.)
1910.120(c)(6) - Monitoring. The following monitoring (air monitoring program) shall be conducted during initial site entry when the site evaluation produces information that shows the potential for ionizing radiation or IDLH conditions, or when the site information is not sufficient reasonably to eliminate these possible conditions [Reference paragraphs (c)(6)(i) - (iv)].
1910.120(c)(7) - Risk identification. Once the presence and concentrations of specific hazardous substances and health hazards have been established, the risks associated with these substances shall be identified. Employees who will be working on the site shall be informed of any risks that have been identified. In situations covered by the Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200, training required by that standard need not be duplicated.
1910.120(c)(8) - Employee notification. Any information concerning the chemical, physical, and toxicologic properties of each substance known or expected to be present on site that is available to the employer and relevant to the duties an employee is expected to perform shall be made available to the affected employees prior to the commencement of their work activities. The employer may utilize information developed for the Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200 for this purpose.
1910.120(d)(1) - General. Appropriate site control procedures shall be implemented to control employee exposure to hazardous substances before clean-up work begins.
1910.120(d)(2) - Site control program. A site control program for protecting employees which is part of the employer's site safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section shall be developed during the planning stages of a hazardous waste clean-up operation and modified as necessary as new information becomes available.
1910.120(d)(3) - Elements of the site control program. The site control program shall, as a minimum, include: A site map; site work zones; the use of a "buddy system"; site communications including alerting means for emergencies; the standard operating procedures or safe work practices; and, identification of the nearest medical assistance. Where these requirements are covered elsewhere they need not be repeated.
1910.120(e)(1)(i) - All employees working on site (such as but not limited to equipment operators, general laborers and others) exposed to hazardous substances, health hazards, or safety hazards and their supervisors and management responsible for the site shall receive training meeting the requirements of this paragraph before they are permitted to engage in hazardous waste operations that could expose them to hazardous substances, safety, or health hazards, and they shall receive review training as specified in this paragraph.
1910.120(e)(3)(ii) - Workers on site only occasionally for a specific limited task (such as, but not limited to, ground water monitoring, land surveying, or geo-physical surveying) and who are unlikely to be exposed over permissible exposure limits and published exposure limits shall receive a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off the site, and the minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.
1910.120(e)(3)(iii) - Workers regularly on site who work in areas which have been monitored and fully characterized indicating that exposures are under permissible exposure limits and published exposure limits where respirators are not necessary, and the characterization indicates that there are no health hazards or the possibility of an emergency developing, shall receive a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off the site and the minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.
1910.120(e)(3)(iv) - Workers with 24 hours of training who are covered by paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii) of this section, and who become general site workers or who are required to wear respirators, shall have the additional 16 hours and two days of training necessary to total the training specified in paragraph (e)(3)(i).
1910.120(e)(4) - Management and supervisor training. On-site management and supervisors directly responsible for, or who supervise employees engaged in, hazardous waste operations shall receive 40 hours initial training, and three days of supervised field experience (the training may be reduced to 24 hours and one day if the only area of their responsibility is employees covered by paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii) and at least eight additional hours of specialized training at the time of job assignment on such topics as, but not limited to, the employer's safety and health program and the associated employee training program, personal protective equipment program, spill containment program, and health hazard monitoring procedure and techniques.
1910.120(e)(5) - Qualifications for trainers. Trainers shall be qualified to instruct employees about the subject matter that is being presented in training. Such trainers shall have satisfactorily completed a training program for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach, or they shall have the academic credentials and instructional experience necessary for teaching the subjects. Instructors shall demonstrate competent instructional skills and knowledge of the applicable subject matter.
1910.120(e)(6) - Training certification. Employees and supervisors that have received and successfully completed the training and field experience specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall be certified by their instructor or the head instructor and trained supervisor as having successfully completed the necessary training. A written certificate shall be given to each person so certified. Any person who has not been so certified or who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (e)(9) of this section shall be prohibited from engaging in hazardous waste operations.
1910.120(e)(7) - Emergency response. Employees who are engaged in responding to hazardous emergency situations at hazardous waste clean-up sites that may expose them to hazardous substances shall be trained in how to respond to such expected emergencies.
1910.120(e)(8) - Refresher training. Employees specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, and managers and supervisors specified in paragraph (e)(4) of this section, shall receive eight hours of refresher training annually on the items specified in paragraph (e)(2) and/or (e)(4) of this section, any critique of incidents that have occurred in the past year that can serve as training examples of related work, and other relevant topics.
1910.120(e)(9) - Equivalent training. Employers who can show by documentation or certification that an employee's work experience and/or training has resulted in training equivalent to that training required in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall not be required to provide the initial training requirements of those paragraphs to such employees and shall provide a copy of the certification or documentation to the employee upon request. However, certified employees or employees with equivalent training new to a site shall receive appropriate, site specific training before site entry and have appropriate supervised field experience at the new site. Equivalent training includes any academic training or the training that existing employees might have already received from actual hazardous waste site work experience.
1910.120(f)(1) - Medical surveillance. General. Employers engaged in operations specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section and not covered by (a)(2)(iii) exceptions and employers of employees specified in paragraph (q)(9) shall institute a medical surveillance program in accordance with this paragraph.
1910.120(f)(2) - Employees covered. The medical surveillance program shall be instituted by the employer for the following employees [Reference paragraphs (f)(2)(i) - (iv)].
1910.120(f)(3)(i) - For employees covered under paragraph (f)(2)(iii) and for all employees including those of employers covered by paragraph (a)(1)(v) who may have been injured, received a health impairment, developed signs or symptoms which may have resulted from exposure to hazardous substances resulting from an emergency incident, or exposed during an emergency incident to hazardous substances at concentrations above the permissible exposure limits or the published exposure levels without the necessary personal protective equipment being used: {Reference paragraph (f)(3)(i)(A) - (D)].
1910.120(f)(4)(ii) - The content of medical examinations or consultations made available to employees pursuant to paragraph (f) shall be determined by the attending physician. The guidelines in the Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities (See appendix D, Reference #10) should be consulted.
1910.120(f)(5) - Examination by a physician and costs. All medical examinations and procedures shall be performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician, preferably one knowledgeable in occupational medicine, and shall be provided without cost to the employee, without loss of pay, and at a reasonable time and place.
1910.120(f)(6) - Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide one copy of this standard and its appendices to the attending physician, and in addition the following for each employee: [Reference paragraph (f)(6)(i) - (v)].
1910.120(f)(7) - Physician's written opinion. [Reference paragraph (f)(7)(i) - (ii)].
1910.120(f)(8)(i) - An accurate record of the medical surveillance required by paragraph (f) of this section shall be retained. This record shall be retained for the period specified and meet the criteria of 29 CFR 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
1910.120(f)(8)(ii) - The record required in paragraph (f)(8)(i) of this section shall include at least the following information: [Reference paragraph (f)(8(ii)(A) - (D)].
1910.120(g) - Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment for employee protection. Engineering controls, work practices, personal protective equipment, or a combination of these shall be implemented in accordance with this paragraph to protect employees from exposure to hazardous substances and safety and health hazards.
- 1910.120(g)(1) - Engineering controls, work practices and PPE for substances regulated in subpart G - occupational health and environmental control and subpart Z - toxic and hazardous substances. [Reference paragraph (g)(1)(i) - (iv)].
1910.120(g)(3) - Personal protective equipment selection. [Reference paragraph (g)(3)(i) - (vi)].
1910.120(g)(4) - Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suits.
1910.120(g)(5) - Personal protective equipment (PPE) program. A written personal protective equipment program, which is part of the employer's safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section or required in paragraph (p)(1) of this section and which is also a part of the site-specific safety and health plan shall be established. The PPE program shall address the elements listed below. When elements, such as donning and doffing procedures, are provided by the manufacturer of a piece of equipment and are attached to the plan, they need not be rewritten into the plan as long as they adequately address the procedure or element. [Reference paragraph (g)(5)(i) - (x)].
1910.120(h)(1)(i) - Monitoring shall be performed in accordance with this paragraph where there may be a question of employee exposure to hazardous concentrations of hazardous substances in order to assure proper selection of engineering controls, work practices and personal protective equipment so that employees are not exposed to levels which exceed permissible exposure limits, or published exposure levels if there are no permissible exposure limits, for hazardous substances.
1910.120(h)(1)(ii) - Air monitoring shall be used to identify and quantify airborne levels of hazardous substances and safety and health hazards in order to determine the appropriate level of employee protection needed on site.
1910.120(h)(2) - Initial entry. Upon initial entry, representative air monitoring shall be conducted to identify any IDLH condition, exposure over permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels, exposure over a radioactive material's dose limits or other dangerous condition such as the presence of flammable atmospheres or oxygen-deficient environments.
1910.120(h)(3) - Periodic monitoring. Periodic monitoring shall be conducted when the possibility of an IDLH condition or flammable atmosphere has developed or when there is indication that exposures may have risen over permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels since prior monitoring. Situations where it shall be considered whether the possibility that exposures have risen are as follows: [Reference paragraph (h)(3)(i) - (iv)].
1910.120(h)(4) - Monitoring of high-risk employees. After the actual clean-up phase of any hazardous waste operation commences; for example, when soil, surface water or containers are moved or disturbed; the employer shall monitor those employees likely to have the highest exposures to hazardous substances and health hazards likely to be present above permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels by using personal sampling frequently enough to characterize employee exposures. If the employees likely to have the highest exposure are over permissible exposure limits or published exposure limits, then monitoring shall continue to determine all employees likely to be above those limits. The employer may utilize a representative sampling approach by documenting that the employees and chemicals chosen for monitoring are based on the criteria stated above.
1910.120(i) - Informational programs. Employers shall develop and implement a program, which is part of the employer's safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section, to inform employees, contractors, and subcontractors (or their representative) actually engaged in hazardous waste operations of the nature, level and degree of exposure likely as a result of participation in such hazardous waste operations. Employees, contractors and subcontractors working outside of the operations part of a site are not covered by this standard.
1910.120(j)(1)(ii) - Drums and containers used during the clean-up shall meet the appropriate DOT, OSHA, and EPA regulations for the wastes that they contain.
1910.120(j)(1)(iii) - When practical, drums and containers shall be inspected and their integrity shall be assured prior to being moved. Drums or containers that cannot be inspected before being moved because of storage conditions (i.e., buried beneath the earth, stacked behind other drums, stacked several tiers high in a pile, etc.) shall be moved to an accessible location and inspected prior to further handling.
1910.120(j)(1)(iv) - Unlabeled drums and containers shall be considered to contain hazardous substances and handled accordingly until the contents are positively identified and labeled.
1910.120(j)(1)(vi) - Prior to movement of drums or containers, all employees exposed to the transfer operation shall be warned of the potential hazards associated with the contents of the drums or containers.
1910.120(j)(1)(viii) - Where major spills may occur, a spill containment program, which is part of the employer's safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section, shall be implemented to contain and isolate the entire volume of the hazardous substance being transferred.
1910.120(j)(1)(xii) - Fire extinguishing equipment meeting the requirements of 29 CFR part 1910, subpart L - fire protection, shall be on hand and ready for use to control incipient fires.
1910.120(j)(2) - Opening drums and containers. The following procedures shall be followed in areas where drums or containers are being opened: [Reference paragraph (j)(2)(i) - (vii)].
1910.120(j)(5) - Shock sensitive wastes. As a minimum, the following special precautions shall be taken when drums and containers containing or suspected of containing shock-sensitive wastes are handled: [Reference paragraph (j)(5)(i) - (vi)].
1910.120(j)(6) - Laboratory waste packs. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (j)(5) of this section, the following precautions shall be taken, as a minimum, in handling laboratory waste packs (lab packs): [Reference paragraph (j)(6)(i) - (ii)].
1910.120(j)(7) - Sampling of drum and container contents. Sampling of containers and drums shall be done in accordance with a sampling procedure which is part of the site safety and health plan developed for and available to employees and others at the specific worksite.
1910.120(j)(8)(i) - Drums and containers shall be identified and classified prior to packaging for shipment.
1910.120(j)(9) - Tank and vault procedures. [Reference paragraph (j)(9)(i) - (ii)].
1910.120(k)(1) - General. Procedures for all phases of decontamination shall be developed and implemented in accordance with this paragraph.
1910.120(k)(2) - Decontamination procedures. [Reference paragraph (k)(2)(i) - (iv)].
1910.120(k)(5)(i) - Protective clothing and equipment shall be decontaminated, cleaned, laundered, maintained or replaced as needed to maintain their effectiveness.
1910.120(k)(7) - Commercial laundries or cleaning establishments. Commercial laundries or cleaning establishments that decontaminate protective clothing or equipment shall be informed of the potentially harmful effects of exposures to hazardous substances.
1910.120(k)(8) - Showers and change rooms. Where the decontamination procedure indicates a need for regular showers and change rooms outside of a contaminated area, they shall be provided and meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.141 - sanitation. If temperature conditions prevent the effective use of water, then other effective means for cleansing shall be provided and used.
1910.120(l)(1)(i) - An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented by all employers within the scope of paragraphs (a)(1)(i)-(ii) of this section to handle anticipated emergencies prior to the commencement of hazardous waste operations. The plan shall be in writing and available for inspection and copying by employees, their representatives, OSHA personnel and other governmental agencies with relevant responsibilities.
1910.120(l)(1)(ii) - Employers who will evacuate their employees from the danger area when an emergency occurs, and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency, are exempt from the requirements of this paragraph if they provide an emergency action plan complying with 29 CFR 1910.38 - emergency action plan.
1910.120(l)(2) - Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop an emergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following: [Reference paragraph (l)(2)(i) - (xi)].
1910.120(l)(3) - Procedures for handling emergency incidents. [Reference paragraph (l)(3)(i) - (vii)].
1910.120(n)(7)(i) - Showers shall be provided and shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.141(d)(3) - sanitation.
1910.120(n)(7)(ii) - Change rooms shall be provided and shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.141(e) - sanitation. Change rooms shall consist of two separate change areas separated by the shower area required in paragraph (n)(7)(i) of this section. One change area, with an exit leading off the worksite, shall provide employees with a clean area where they can remove, store, and put on street clothing. The second area, with an exit to the worksite, shall provide employees with an area where they can put on, remove and store work clothing and personal protective equipment.
1910.120(o) - New technology programs. [Reference paragraph (o)(1) - (2)].
Treatment, Storage and Disposal
1910.120(p)(1) - Safety and health program. The employer shall develop and implement a written safety and health program for employees involved in hazardous waste operations that shall be available for inspection by employees, their representatives and OSHA personnel. The program shall be designed to identify, evaluate and control safety and health hazards in their facilities for the purpose of employee protection, to provide for emergency response meeting the requirements of paragraph (p)(8) of this section and to address as appropriate site analysis, engineering controls, maximum exposure limits, hazardous waste handling procedures and uses of new technologies.
1910.120(p)(2) - Hazard communication program. The employer shall implement a hazard communication program meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200 as part of the employer's safety and program.
1910.120(p)(3) - Medical surveillance program. The employer shall develop and implement a medical surveillance program meeting the requirements of paragraph (f) of this section.
1910.120(p)(4) - Decontamination program. The employer shall develop and implement a decontamination procedure meeting the requirements of paragraph (k) of this section.
1910.120(p)(5) - New technology program. The employer shall develop and implement procedures meeting the requirements of paragraph (o) of this section for introducing new and innovative equipment into the workplace.
1910.120(p)(6) - Material handling program. Where employees will be handling drums or containers, the employer shall develop and implement procedures meeting the requirements of paragraphs (j)(1)(ii) through (viii) and (xi) of this section, as well as (j)(3) and (j)(8) of this section prior to starting such work.
1910.120(p)(7) - Training program [Reference paragraph (p)(7)(i) - (iii)].
1910.120(p)(8)(i) - Emergency response plan. An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented by all employers. Such plans need not duplicate any of the subjects fully addressed in the employer's contingency planning required by permits, such as those issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, provided that the contingency plan is made part of the emergency response plan. The emergency response plan shall be a written portion of the employer's safety and health program required in paragraph (p)(1) of this section. Employers who will evacuate their employees from the worksite location when an emergency occurs and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (p)(8) if they provide an emergency action plan complying with 29 CFR 1910.38 - emergency action plan.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii) - Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop an emergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following areas to the extent that they are not addressed in any specific program required in this paragraph: [Reference paragraph (p)(8)(ii)(A) - (K)].
1910.120(p)(8)(iii)(A) - Training for emergency response employees shall be completed before they are called upon to perform in real emergencies. Such training shall include the elements of the emergency response plan, standard operating procedures the employer has established for the job, the personal protective equipment to be worn and procedures for handling emergency incidents.
1910.120(p)(8)(iii)(B) - Employee members of TSD facility emergency response organizations shall be trained to a level of competence in the recognition of health and safety hazards to protect themselves and other employees. This would include training in the methods used to minimize the risk from safety and health hazards; in the safe use of control equipment; in the selection and use of appropriate personal protective equipment; in the safe operating procedures to be used at the incident scene; in the techniques of coordination with other employees to minimize risks; in the appropriate response to over exposure from health hazards or injury to themselves and other employees; and in the recognition of subsequent symptoms which may result from over exposures.
1910.120(p)(8)(iii)(C) - The employer shall certify that each covered employee has attended and successfully completed the training required in paragraph (p)(8)(iii) of this section, or shall certify the employee's competency at least yearly. The method used to demonstrate competency for certification of training shall be recorded and maintained by the employer.
1910.120(p)(8)(iv) - Procedures for handling emergency incidents. [Reference paragraph (p)(8)(iv)(A) - (F)].
Emergency Response
1910.120(q) - Emergency response to hazardous substance releases. This paragraph covers employers whose employees are engaged in emergency response no matter where it occurs except that it does not cover employees engaged in operations specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section. Those emergency response organizations who have developed and implemented programs equivalent to this paragraph for handling releases of hazardous substances pursuant to section 303 of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, 42 U.S.C. 11003) shall be deemed to have met the requirements of this paragraph.
1910.120(q)(1) - Emergency response plan. An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented to handle anticipated emergencies prior to the commencement of emergency response operations. The plan shall be in writing and available for inspection and copying by employees, their representatives and OSHA personnel. Employers who will evacuate their employees from the danger area when an emergency occurs, and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency, are exempt from the requirements of this paragraph if they provide an emergency action plan in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.38 - emergency action plan.
1910.120(q)(2) - Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop an emergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following to the extent that they are not addressed elsewhere: [Reference paragraph (q)(2)(i) - (xii)].
1910.120(q)(3) - Procedures for handling emergency response. [Reference paragraph (q)(3)(i) - (x)].
1910.120(q)(4) - Skilled support personnel. Personnel, not necessarily an employer's own employees, who are skilled in the operation of certain equipment, such as mechanized earth moving or digging equipment or crane and hoisting equipment, and who are needed temporarily to perform immediate emergency support work that cannot reasonably be performed in a timely fashion by an employer's own employees, and who will be or may be exposed to the hazards at an emergency response scene, are not required to meet the training required in this paragraph for the employer's regular employees. However, these personnel shall be given an initial briefing at the site prior to their participation in any emergency response. The initial briefing shall include instruction in the wearing of appropriate personal protective equipment, what chemical hazards are involved, and what duties are to be performed. All other appropriate safety and health precautions provided to the employer's own employees shall be used to assure the safety and health of these personnel.
1910.120(q)(5) - Specialist employees. Employees who, in the course of their regular job duties, work with and are trained in the hazards of specific hazardous substances, and who will be called upon to provide technical advice or assistance at a hazardous substance release incident to the individual in charge, shall receive training or demonstrate competency in the area of their specialization annually.
1910.120(q)(6) - Training. Training shall be based on the duties and function to be performed by each responder of an emergency response organization. The skill and knowledge levels required for all new responders, those hired after the effective date of this standard, shall be conveyed to them through training before they are permitted to take part in actual emergency operations on an incident. Employees who participate, or are expected to participate, in emergency response, shall be given training in accordance with the following paragraphs:
- 1910.120(q)(6)(i) - First responder awareness level. First responders at the awareness level are individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release and who have been trained to initiate an emergency response sequence by notifying the proper authorities of the release. They would take no further action beyond notifying the authorities of the release. First responders at the awareness level shall have sufficient training or have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas: [Reference paragraph (q)(6)(i)(A) - (F)].
- 1910.120(q)(6)(ii) - First responder operations level. First responders at the operations level are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous substances as part of the initial response to the site for the purpose of protecting nearby persons, property, or the environment from the effects of the release. They are trained to respond in a defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the release. Their function is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures. First responders at the operational level shall have received at least eight hours of training or have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas in addition to those listed for the awareness level and the employer shall so certify: [Reference paragraph (q)(6)(ii)(A) - (F)].
- 1910.120(q)(6)(iii) - Hazardous materials technician. Hazardous materials technicians are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases for the purpose of stopping the release. They assume a more aggressive role than a first responder at the operations level in that they will approach the point of release in order to plug, patch or otherwise stop the release of a hazardous substance. Hazardous materials technicians shall have received at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder operations level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify: [Reference paragraph (q)(6)(iii)(A) - (I)].
- 1910.120(q)(6)(iv) - Hazardous materials specialist. Hazardous materials specialists are individuals who respond with and provide support to hazardous materials technicians. Their duties parallel those of the hazardous materials technician, however, those duties require a more directed or specific knowledge of the various substances they may be called upon to contain. The hazardous materials specialist would also act as the site liaison with Federal, state, local and other government authorities in regards to site activities. Hazardous materials specialists shall have received at least 24 hours of training equal to the technician level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify: [Reference paragraph (q)(6)(iv)(A) - (I)].
- 1910.120(q)(6)(v) - On scene incident commander. Incident commanders, who will assume control of the incident scene beyond the first responder awareness level, shall receive at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder operations level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify: [Reference paragraph (q)(6)(v)(A) - (F)].
1910.120(q)(7) - Trainers. Trainers who teach any of the above training subjects shall have satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach, such as the courses offered by the U.S. National Fire Academy, or they shall have the training and/or academic credentials and instructional experience necessary to demonstrate competent instructional skills and a good command of the subject matter of the courses they are to teach.
1910.120(q)(8)(i) - Those employees who are trained in accordance with paragraph (q)(6) of this section shall receive annual refresher training of sufficient content and duration to maintain their competencies, or shall demonstrate competency in those areas at least yearly.
1910.120(q)(8)(ii) - A statement shall be made of the training or competency, and if a statement of competency is made, the employer shall keep a record of the methodology used to demonstrate competency.
1910.120(q)(9)(i) - Members of an organized and designated HAZMAT team and hazardous materials specialists shall receive a baseline physical examination and be provided with medical surveillance as required in paragraph (f) of this section.
1910.120(q)(10) - Chemical protective clothing. Chemical protective clothing and equipment to be used by organized and designated HAZMAT team members, or to be used by hazardous materials specialists, shall meet the requirements of paragraphs (g)(3) through (5) of this section.
1910.120(q)(11)(ii) - Where the clean-up is done on plant property using plant or workplace employees, such employees shall have completed the training requirements of the following: 29 CFR 1910.38 - emergency action plan, 1910.134 - respiratory protection, 1910.1200 - hazard communication, and other appropriate safety and health training made necessary by the tasks they are expected to perform such as personal protective equipment and decontamination procedures. All equipment to be used in the performance of the clean-up work shall be in serviceable condition and shall have been inspected prior to use.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for dipping and coating operations.
Special Requirements: Alarm system, first aid procedures, physician's approval, inspections, references other standards
1910.124(c)(3) - You must have a system that sounds an alarm and automatically shuts down the operation when the vapor concentration for any substance in the exhaust airstream exceeds 25% of its LFL.
1910.124(e) - What requirements must I follow when an employee enters a dip tank? When an employee enters a dip tank, you must meet the entry requirements of 1910.146, OSHA's standard for Permit-Required Confined Spaces, as applicable.
1910.124(f) - What first-aid procedures must my employees know? Your employees must know the first-aid procedures that are appropriate to the dipping or coating hazards to which they are exposed.
1910.124(h)(1) - A physician's approval before an employee with a sore, burn, or other skin lesion that requires medical treatment works in a vapor area.
- 1910.124(j)(1) - Inspect the hoods and ductwork of the ventilation system for corrosion or damage:
- 1910.124(j)(1)(i) - At least quarterly during operation; and
- 1910.124(j)(1)(ii) - Prior to operation after a prolonged shutdown.
1910.124(j)(3) - Periodically inspect all dipping and coating equipment, including covers, drains, overflow piping, and electrical and fire-extinguishing systems, and promptly correct any deficiencies.
1910.124(j)(4) - Provide mechanical ventilation or respirators (selected and used as specified in 1910.134, OSHA's Respiratory Protection standard) to protect employees in the vapor area from exposure to toxic substances released during welding, burning, or open-flame work.
Scope: This standard provides additional requirements for dipping and coating operations that use flammable liquids.
Special Requirements: Inspections
1910.125(b)(2)(ii) - Piping connections on drains and overflow pipes allow ready access to the interior of the pipe for inspection and cleaning.