Subpart D - Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
Subpart D provides specific requirements for medical services and first aid; sanitation; occupational noise; ionizing and non-ionizing radiation; gases, vapors, fumes, dusts and mists; illumination; ventilation; hazard communication; methylenedianiline; retention of DOT markings, placards and labels; lead; process safety management of highly hazardous materials; hazardous waste operations and emergency response (HAZWOPER); and criteria for design and construction of spray booths.
To learn if subpart D applies to you, go to Does "Subpart D - Occupational Health and Environmental Controls" Apply to You?
Special Requirements
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for medical services and first aid.
Special Requirements: Provisions, certificate, training, documented evidence, communication system, checks, posted numbers
1926.50(b) - Provisions shall be made prior to commencement of the project for prompt medical attention in case of serious injury.
1926.50(c) - In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, hospital, or physician, that is reasonably accessible in terms of time and distance to the worksite, which is available for the treatment of injured employees, a person who has a valid certificate in first-aid training from the U.S. Bureau of Mines, the American Red Cross, or equivalent training that can be verified by documentary evidence, shall be available at the worksite to render first aid.
1926.50(d)(2) - The contents of the first aid kit shall be placed in a weatherproof container with individual sealed packages for each type of item, and shall be checked by the employer before being sent out on each job and at least weekly on each job to ensure that the expended items are replaced.
1926.50(e) - Proper equipment for prompt transportation of the injured person to a physician or hospital, or a communication system for contacting necessary ambulance service, shall be provided.
1926.50(f)(1) - In areas where 911 emergency dispatch services are not available, the telephone numbers of the physicians, hospitals, or ambulances shall be conspicuously posted.
1926.50(f)(2) - In areas where 911 emergency dispatch services are available and an employer uses a communication system for contacting necessary emergency-medical service, the employer must:
- 1926.50(f)(2)(i) - Ensure that the communication system is effective in contacting the emergency-medical service; and
- 1926.50(f)(2)(ii)(A) - When using a communication system in an area that does not automatically supply the caller's latitude and longitude information to the 911 emergency dispatcher, the employer must post in a conspicuous location at the worksite either: [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(ii)(A)(1) - (2)].
Scope: This standard provides the sanitation requirements for construction.
Special Requirements: Markings, signs, extermination program, change rooms, references other standards
1926.51(a)(3) - Any container used to distribute drinking water shall be clearly marked as to the nature of its contents and not used for any other purpose.
1926.51(a)(6) - Potable water means water that meets the standards for drinking purposes of the State or local authority having jurisdiction, or water that meets the quality standards prescribed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR part 141).
1926.51(b)(1) - Outlets for nonpotable water, such as water for industrial or firefighting purposes only, shall be identified by signs meeting the requirements of subpart G - occupational health and environmental control of this part 1926, to indicate clearly that the water is unsafe and is not to be used for drinking, washing, or cooking purposes.
1926.51(d)(1) - All employees' food service facilities and operations shall meet the applicable laws, ordinances, and regulations of the jurisdictions in which they are located.
1926.51(h) - Vermin control. Every enclosed workplace shall be so constructed, equipped, and maintained, so far as reasonably practicable, as to prevent the entrance or harborage of rodents, insects, and other vermin. A continuing and effective extermination program shall be instituted where their presence is detected.
1926.51(i) - Change rooms. Whenever employees are required by a particular standard to wear protective clothing because of the possibility of contamination with toxic materials, change rooms equipped with storage facilities for street clothes and separate storage facilities for the protective clothing shall be provided.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for noise exposure.
Special Requirements: Administrative controls, engineering controls, hearing conservation program, hearing protection, references other standards
1926.52(a) - Protection against the effects of noise exposure shall be provided when the sound levels exceed those shown in Table D-2 of this section when measured on the A-scale of a standard sound level meter at slow response.
1926.52(b) - When employees are subjected to sound levels exceeding those listed in Table D-2 of this section, feasible administrative or engineering controls shall be utilized. If such controls fail to reduce sound levels within the levels of the table, personal protective equipment as required in subpart E - exit routes and emergency planning, shall be provided and used to reduce sound levels within the levels of the table.
1926.52(d)(1) - In all cases where the sound levels exceed the values shown herein, a continuing, effective hearing conservation program shall be administered.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for ionizing radiation.
Special Requirements: Competent person, licensee, training, references other standards
1926.53(a) - In construction and related activities involving the use of sources of ionizing radiation, the pertinent provisions of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Standards for Protection Against Radiation (10 CFR part 20), relating to protection against occupational radiation exposure, shall apply.
1926.53(b) - Any activity which involves the use of radioactive materials or X-rays, whether or not under license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, shall be performed by competent persons specially trained in the proper and safe operation of such equipment. In the case of materials used under Commission license, only persons actually licensed, or competent persons under direction and supervision of the licensee, shall perform such work.
Note: The requirements applicable to construction work under paragraphs (c) through (r) of this section are identical to those set forth at paragraphs (a) through (p) of 1910.1096 - ionizing radiation of this chapter.
Competent person means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for nonionizing radiation.
Special Requirements: Qualified persons (proof), trained, warning placards (posted), references other standards
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for exposures to gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists.
Special Requirements: Monitoring, assess, administrative controls, exposure monitoring, engineering controls, respirators, technical measures, competent industrial hygienist, protective measures, PPE, technically qualified person, references other standards
1926.55(a) - Employers must limit an employee's exposure to any substance listed in Table 1 or 2 of this section in accordance with the following:
- 1926.55(a)(1) - Substances with limits preceded by (C)-Ceiling Values. An employee's exposure, as determined from breathing-zone air samples, to any substance in Table 1 of this section with a permissible exposure limit preceded by (C) must at no time exceed the exposure limit specified for that substance. If instantaneous monitoring is not feasible, then the employer must assess the ceiling as a 15-minute time-weighted average exposure that the employer cannot exceed at any time during the working day.
- 1926.55(a)(2) - Other substances - 8-hour Time Weighted Averages. An employee's exposure, as determined from breathing-zone air samples, to any substance in Table 1 or 2 of this section with a permissible exposure limit not preceded by (C) must not exceed the limit specified for that substance measured as an 8-hour time-weighted average in any work shift.
1926.55(b) - To achieve compliance with paragraph (a) of this section, administrative or engineering controls must first be implemented whenever feasible. When such controls are not feasible to achieve full compliance, protective equipment or other protective measures shall be used to keep the exposure of employees to air contaminants within the limits prescribed in this section. Any equipment and technical measures used for this purpose must first be approved for each particular use by a competent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person. Whenever respirators are used, their use shall comply with 1926.103 - respiratory protection.
1926.55(c) - Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to the exposure of employees to airborne asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite dust. Whenever any employee is exposed to airborne asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite dust, the requirements of 1926.1101 - asbestos shall apply.
1926.55(d) - Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to the exposure of employees to formaldehyde. Whenever any employee is exposed to formaldehyde, the requirements of 1910.1048 - formaldehyde, of this title shall apply.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for illumination.
Special Requirements: References other standards
1926.56(b) - Other areas. For areas or operations not covered above by Table D-3 - Minimum Illumination Intensities in Foot-Candles, refer to the American National Standard A11.1-1965, R1970, Practice for Industrial Lighting, for recommended values of illumination.
Scope: This standard provides the ventilation requirements as it relates to exposures to gases, vapors, mists, fumes and dusts.
Special Requirements: Engineering controls, ratings, marked (gauge, compartments), test data, tests, manual, inspections, checks, respiratory protection program, maintenance, approved, personal protective equipment, classifications, operational procedures, recorded (static pressure), instruction, first aid procedures, measured, corrective action, competent industrial hygienist, references other standards
1926.57(a) - General. Whenever hazardous substances such as dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases exist or are produced in the course of construction work, their concentrations shall not exceed the limits specified in 1926.55(a) - gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists. When ventilation is used as an engineering control method, the system shall be installed and operated according to the requirements of this section.
1926.57(f) - Abrasive blasting
- 1926.57(f)(2)(ii) - The concentration of respirable dust or fume in the breathing zone of the abrasive-blasting operator or any other worker shall be kept below the levels specified in 1926.55 - gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists, or other pertinent sections of this part 1926 - construction standards.
- 1926.57(f)(2)(iii) - Organic abrasives which are combustible shall be used only in automatic systems. Where flammable or explosive dust mixtures may be present, the construction of the equipment, including the exhaust system and all electric wiring, shall conform to the requirements of American National Standard Installation of Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock, and Vapor Removal or Conveying, Z33.1-1961 (NFPA 91-1961), and subpart S - underground construction, caissons, cofferdams, and compressed air, of this part 1926. The blast nozzle shall be bonded and grounded to prevent the build up of static charges. Where flammable or explosive dust mixtures may be present, the abrasive blasting enclosure, the ducts, and the dust collector shall be constructed with loose panels or explosion venting areas, located on sides away from any occupied area, to provide for pressure relief in case of explosion, following the principles set forth in the National Fire Protection Association Explosion Venting Guide. NFPA 68-1954.
- 1926.57(f)(3)(i)(E) - Blast-cleaning enclosures. Slit abrasive-resistant baffles shall be installed in multiple sets at all small access openings where dust might escape, and shall be inspected regularly and replaced when needed.
- 1926.57(f)(4)(i) - Exhaust ventilation systems. The construction, installation, inspection, and maintenance of exhaust systems shall conform to the principles and requirements set forth in American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960, and ANSI Z33.1-1961.
- 1926.57(f)(4)(i)(b) - The static pressure drop at the exhaust ducts leading from the equipment shall be checked when the installation is completed and periodically thereafter to assure continued satisfactory operation. Whenever an appreciable change in the pressure drop indicates a partial blockage, the system shall be cleaned and returned to normal operating condition.
- 1926.57(f)(5)(i) - Employers must use only respirators approved by NIOSH under 42 CFR part 84 for protecting employees from dusts produced during abrasive-blasting operations.
- 1926.57(f)(5)(ii)(C) - Where concentrations of toxic dust dispersed by the abrasive blasting may exceed the limits set in 1926.55(a) - gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists, or other pertinent sections of this part 1926 and the nozzle and blast are not physically separated from the operator in an exhaust-ventilated enclosure.
- 1926.57(f)(5)(iii) - Properly fitted particulate-filter respirators, commonly referred to as dust-filter respirators, may be used for short, intermittent, or occasional dust exposures such as cleanup, dumping of dust collectors, or unloading shipments of sand at a receiving point when it is not feasible to control the dust by enclosure, exhaust ventilation, or other means. The respirators used must be approved by NIOSH under 42 CFR part 84 for protection against the specific type of dust encountered.
- 1926.57(f)(5)(iv) - A respiratory protection program as defined and described in 1926.103 - respiratory protection, shall be established wherever it is necessary to use respiratory protective equipment.
- 1926.57(f)(5)(v) - Operators shall be equipped with heavy canvas or leather gloves and aprons or equivalent protection to protect them from the impact of abrasives. Safety shoes shall be worn to protect against foot injury where heavy pieces of work are handled.
- 1926.57(f)(5)(v)(A) - Safety shoes shall conform to the requirements of American National Standard for Men's Safety-Toe Footwear, Z41.1-1967.
- 1926.57(f)(5)(v)(B) - Equipment for protection of the eyes and face shall be supplied to the operator when the respirator design does not provide such protection and to any other personnel working in the vicinity of abrasive blasting operations. This equipment shall conform to the requirements of 1926.102 - eye and face protection.
- 1926.57(f)(6) - Air supply and air compressors. Air for abrasive-blasting respirators must be free of harmful quantities of dusts, mists, or noxious gases, and must meet the requirements for supplied-air quality and use specified in 29 CFR 1910.134(i) - breathing air quality and use, respiratory protection.
- 1926.57(f)(7) - Operational procedures and general safety. Dust shall not be permitted to accumulate on the floor or on ledges outside of an abrasive-blasting enclosure, and dust spills shall be cleaned up promptly. Aisles and walkways shall be kept clear of steel shot or similar abrasive which may create a slipping hazard.
1926.57(g) - Grinding, polishing, and buffing operations
- 1926.57(g)(4)(i) - Exhaust systems for grinding, polishing, and buffing operations should be designed in accordance with American Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960.
- 1926.57(g)(4)(ii) - Exhaust systems for grinding, polishing, and buffing operations shall be tested in the manner described in American Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960.
- 1926.57(g)(5)(i)(A) - It is the dual function of grinding and abrasive cutting-off wheel hoods to protect the operator from the hazards of bursting wheels as well as to provide a means for the removal of dust and dirt generated. All hoods shall be not less in structural strength than specified in the American National Standard Safety Code for the Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive Wheels, B7.1-1970.
1926.57(h) - Spray finishing operations
- 1926.57(h)(3)(i) - Spray booths shall be designed and constructed in accordance with 1926.66(b)(1) through (4) and (6) through (10) - criteria for design and construction of spray booths, (see sections 301-304 and 306-310 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969), for general construction specifications. For a more detailed discussion of fundamentals relating to this subject, see ANSI Z9.2-1960.
- 1926.57(h)(3)(i)(A) - Lights, motors, electrical equipment, and other sources of ignition shall conform to the requirements of 1926.66(b)(10) and (c) - criteria for design and construction of spray booths. (See section 310 and chapter 4 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials NFPA No. 33-1969.)
- 1926.57(h)(3)(iii) - Baffles, distribution plates, and dry-type overspray collectors shall conform to the requirements of 1926.66(b)(4) and (5) - criteria for design and construction of spray booths. (See sections 304 and 305 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969.)
- 1926.57(h)(3)(iii)(A) - Overspray filters shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the requirements of 1926.66(b)(5), (see section 305 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969), and shall only be in a location easily accessible for inspection, cleaning, or replacement.
- 1926.57(h)(5)(i) - Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with provisions of 1926.66(d) - criteria for design and construction of spray booths, (see chapter 5 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable or Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969), and in accordance with the following: [Reference paragraph (h)(5)(I)(A) - (B)].
- 1926.57(h)(5)(iii)(B) - Exhaust ductwork shall be sized in accordance with good design practice which shall include consideration of fan capacity, length of duct, number of turns and elbows, variation in size, volume, and character of materials being exhausted. See American National Standard Z9.2-1960 for further details and explanation concerning elements of design.
- 1926.57(h)(5)(iii)(E) - Inspection or clean-out doors shall be provided for every 9 to 12 feet (2.736 to 3.648 m) of running length for ducts up to 12 inches (0.304 m) in diameter, but the distance between cleanout doors may be greater for larger pipes. (See 8.3.21 of American National Standard Z9.1-1951.) A clean-out door or doors shall be provided for servicing the fan, and where necessary, a drain shall be provided.
- 1926.57(h)(7)(iii)(B) - The rating of filters shall be governed by test data supplied by the manufacturer of the filter. A pressure gage shall be installed to show the pressure drop across the filters. This gage shall be marked to show the pressure drop at which the filters require cleaning or replacement. Filters shall be replaced or cleaned whenever the pressure drop across them becomes excessive or whenever the air flow through the face of the booth falls below that specified in Table D-57.7.
1926.57(i) - Open surface tanks
- 1926.57(i)(1)(ii) - Except where specific construction specifications are prescribed in this section, hoods, ducts, elbows, fans, blowers, and all other exhaust system parts, components, and supports thereof shall be so constructed as to meet conditions of service and to facilitate maintenance and shall conform in construction to the specifications contained in American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960.
- 1926.57(i)(2)(i) - Open-surface tank operations shall be classified into 16 classes, numbered A-1 to D-4, inclusive.
- 1926.57(i)(2)(ii) - Determination of class. Class is determined by two factors, hazard potential designated by a letter from A to D, inclusive, and rate of gas, vapor, or mist evolution designated by a number from 1 to 4, inclusive (for example, B.3).
- 1926.57(i)(2)(iii) - Hazard potential is an index, on a scale of from A to D, inclusive, of the severity of the hazard associated with the substance contained in the tank because of the toxic, flammable, or explosive nature of the vapor, gas, or mist produced therefrom. The toxic hazard is determined from the concentration, measured in parts by volume of a gas or vapor, per million parts by volume of contaminated air (p.p.m.), or in milligrams of mist per cubic meter of air (mg./m.3), below which ill effects are unlikely to occur to the exposed worker. The concentrations shall be those in 1926.55 - gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists, or other pertinent sections of this part 1926.
- 1926.57(i)(2)(iv) - The relative fire or explosion hazard is measured in degrees Fahrenheit in terms of the closed-cup flash point of the substance in the tank. Detailed information on the prevention of fire hazards in dip tanks may be found in Dip Tanks Containing Flammable or Combustible Liquids, NFPA No. 34-1966, National Fire Protection Association. Where the tank contains a mixture of liquids, other than organic solvents, whose effects are additive, the hygienic standard of the most toxic component (for example, the one having the lowest p.p.m. or mg./m.3) shall be used, except where such substance constitutes an insignificantly small fraction of the mixture. For mixtures of organic solvents, their combined effect, rather than that of either individually, shall determine the hazard potential. In the absence of information to the contrary, the effects shall be considered as additive. If the sum of the ratios of the airborne concentration of each contaminant to the toxic concentration of that contaminant exceeds unity, the toxic concentration shall be considered to have been exceeded. (See Note A to paragraph (i)(2)(v) of this section.)
- 1926.57(i)(8)(iii) - A volume of outside air in the range of 90 percent to 110 percent of the exhaust volume shall be provided to each room having exhaust hoods. The outside air supply shall enter the workroom in such a manner as not to be detrimental to any exhaust hood. The airflow of the makeup air system shall be measured on installation. Corrective action shall be taken when the airflow is below that required. The makeup air shall be uncontaminated.
- 1926.57(i)(3) - Ventilation. Where ventilation is used to control potential exposures to workers as defined in paragraph (i)(2)(iii) of this section, it shall be adequate to reduce the concentration of the air contaminant to the degree that a hazard to the worker does not exist. Methods of ventilation are discussed in American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960.
- 1926.57(i)(7)(iv) - The exhaust system, consisting of hoods, ducts, air mover, and discharge outlet, shall be designed in accordance with American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960, or the manual, Industrial Ventilation, published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists 1970. Airflow and pressure loss data provided by the manufacturer of any air cleaning device shall be included in the design calculations.
- 1926.57(i)(8)(i) - The required airflow shall be maintained at all times during which gas, mist, or vapor is emitted from the tank, and at all times the tank, the draining, or the drying area is in operation or use. When the system is first installed, the airflow from each hood shall be measured by means of a pitot traverse in the exhaust duct and corrective action taken if the flow is less than that required. When the proper flow is obtained, the hood static pressure shall be measured and recorded. At intervals of not more than 3 months operation, or after a prolonged shutdown period, the hoods and duct system shall be inspected for evidence of corrosion or damage. In any case where the airflow is found to be less than required, it shall be increased to the required value. (Information on airflow and static pressure measurement and calculations may be found in American National Standard Fundamental Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960, or in the manual, Industrial Ventilation, published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.)
- 1926.57(i)(9)(i) - All employees working in and around open-surface tank operations must be instructed as to the hazards of their respective jobs, and in the personal protection and first aid procedures applicable to these hazards.
- 1926.57(i)(9)(v) - Whenever there is a danger of splashing, for example, when additions are made manually to the tanks, or when acids and chemicals are removed from the tanks, the employees so engaged shall be required to wear either tight-fitting chemical goggles or an effective face shield. See 1926.102 - eye and face protection.
- 1926.57(i)(9)(vi) - When, during the emergencies specified in paragraph (i)(11)(v) of this section, employees must be in areas where concentrations of air contaminants are greater than the limits set by paragraph (i)(2)(iii) of this section or oxygen concentrations are less than 19.5 percent, they must use respirators that reduce their exposure to a level below these limits or that provide adequate oxygen. Such respirators must also be provided in marked, quickly-accessible storage compartments built for this purpose when the possibility exists of accidental release of hazardous concentrations of air contaminants. Respirators must be approved by NIOSH under 42 CFR part 84, selected by a competent industrial hygienist or other technically-qualified source, and used in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.103 - respiratory protection.
Scope: This standard (Refers to 1910.1200 - Hazard Communication) provides the requirements for communicating hazards and protective measures related to chemicals for employees that may exposed under normal conditions or in foreseeable emergencies. Note: Reference paragraph (b)(5)(i) - (vi) for labeling exemptions. and paragraph (b)(6)(i) - (xii) for substances not covered by this standard.
Foreseeable emergency means any potential occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment which could result in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the workplace.
Safety data sheet (SDS) means written or printed material concerning a hazardous chemical that is prepared in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.
Special Requirements: Training, safety data sheets, hazard communication program (written), labeling, training programs, chemical list, classify chemicals, information, hazard classification, work practices, emergency procedures, personal protective equipment, determine (manufacturer), evaluate (chemicals), procedures, methods, tags, marks, signal word, pictogram, statements, post signs, protective measures, bill of lading, PPE, written statement (confidentiality agreement), physician or licensed healthcare professional (PLHCP), determination, materials (written), references other standards
- 1910.1200(b)(3)(i) - Employers shall ensure that labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals are not removed or defaced;
- 1910.1200(b)(3)(ii) - Employers shall maintain any safety data sheets that are received with incoming shipments of hazardous chemicals, and ensure that they are readily accessible during each workshift to laboratory employees when they are in their work areas;
- 1910.1200(b)(3)(iii) - Employers shall ensure that laboratory employees are provided information and training in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section, except for the location and availability of the written hazard communication program under paragraph (h)(2)(iii) of this section; and,
- 1910.1200.(b)(3)(iv) - Laboratory employers that ship hazardous chemicals are considered to be either a chemical manufacturer or a distributor under this rule, and thus must ensure that any containers of hazardous chemicals leaving the laboratory are labeled in accordance with paragraph (f) of this section, and that a safety data sheet is provided to distributors and other employers in accordance with paragraphs (g)(6) and (g)(7) of this section.
- 1910.1200(b)(4)(i) - Employers shall ensure that labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals are not removed or defaced;
- 1910.1200(b)(4)(ii) - Employers shall maintain copies of any safety data sheets that are received with incoming shipments of the sealed containers of hazardous chemicals, shall obtain a safety data sheet as soon as possible for sealed containers of hazardous chemicals received without a safety data sheet if an employee requests the safety data sheet, and shall ensure that the safety data sheets are readily accessible during each work shift to employees when they are in their work area(s); and,
- 1910.1200(b)(4)(iii) - Employers shall ensure that employees are provided with information and training in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section (except for the location and availability of the written hazard communication program under paragraph (h)(2)(iii) of this section), to the extent necessary to protect them in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from a sealed container.
1910.1200(d)(1) - Chemical manufacturers and importers shall evaluate chemicals produced in their workplaces or imported by them to classify the chemicals in accordance with this section. Employers are not required to classify chemicals unless they choose not to rely on the classification performed by the chemical manufacturer or importer for the chemical to satisfy this paragraph (d)(1). For each chemical, the chemical manufacturer or importer shall determine the hazard classes, and where appropriate, the category of each class that apply to the chemical being classified. The hazard classification shall include any hazards associated with the chemical’s intrinsic properties including: [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (ii)].
- 1910.1200(e)(1)(i) - A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present using a product identifier that is referenced on the appropriate safety data sheet (the list may be compiled for the workplace as a whole or for individual work areas); and,
- 1910.1200(e)(1)(ii) - The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the hazards of non-routine tasks (for example, the cleaning of reactor vessels), and the hazards associated with chemicals contained in unlabeled pipes in their work areas.
1910.1200(f)(1) - Labels on shipped containers. The chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor shall ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals leaving the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked. Hazards not otherwise classified and hazards identified and classified under (d)(1)(ii) do not have to be addressed on the container. Where the chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor is required to label, tag or mark the following shall be provided: [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (vi)].
1910.1200(f)(5)(ii) - The label for bulk shipments of hazardous chemicals must be on the immediate container, transmitted with the shipping papers or the bills of lading, or, with the agreement of the receiving entity, transmitted by technological or electronic means so that it is immediately available to workers in printed form on the receiving end of shipment.
1910.1200(f)(5)(iii) - Where a pictogram required by the Department of Transportation under title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations appears on a shipped container, the pictogram specified in appendix C.4 - Allocation Of Label Elements (Mandatory) to this section for the same hazard is not required on the label.
- 1910.1200(f)(6)(i) - The information specified under paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (v) of this section for labels on shipped containers; or,
- 1910.1200(f)(6)(ii) - Product identifier and words, pictures, symbols, or combination thereof, which provide at least general information regarding the hazards of the chemicals, and which, in conjunction with the other information immediately available to employees under the hazard communication program, will provide employees with the specific information regarding the physical and health hazards of the hazardous chemical.
1910.1200(f)(8) - The employer is not required to label portable containers into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from labeled containers, and which are intended only for the immediate use of the employee who performs the transfer. For purposes of this section, drugs which are dispensed by a pharmacy to a health care provider for direct administration to a patient are exempted from labeling.
1910.1200(f)(9) - The employer shall not remove or deface existing labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals, unless the container is immediately marked with the required information.
1910.1200(f)(12)(i) - Small Container labeling. This paragraph applies where the chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor can demonstrate that it is not feasible to use pull-out labels, fold-back labels, or tags containing the full label information required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section. [Reference paragraph (f)(12)(i) - (iv)].
1910.1200(g)(1) - Chemical manufacturers and importers shall obtain or develop a safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical they produce or import. Employers shall have a safety data sheet in the workplace for each hazardous chemical which they use.
1910.1200(g)(2) - The chemical manufacturer or importer shall ensure that the safety data sheet is in English (although the employer may maintain copies in other languages as well), and includes at least the following section numbers and headings, and associated information under each heading, in the order listed (see appendix D - Safety Data Sheets (Mandatory) to this section, for the specific content of each section of the safety data sheet): [Reference paragraph (g)(2)(i) - (xvi)].
1910.1200(g)(3) - If no relevant information is found for any sub-heading within a section on the safety data sheet, the chemical manufacturer, importer or employer preparing the safety data sheet shall mark it to indicate that no applicable information was found.
1910.1200(g)(4) - Where complex mixtures have similar hazards and contents (i.e., the chemical ingredients are essentially the same, but the specific composition varies from mixture to mixture), the chemical manufacturer, importer or employer may prepare one safety data sheet to apply to all of these similar mixtures.
1910.1200(g)(5) - The chemical manufacturer, importer or employer preparing the safety data sheet shall ensure that the information provided accurately reflects the scientific evidence used in making the hazard classification. If the chemical manufacturer, importer or employer preparing the safety data sheet becomes newly aware of any significant information regarding the hazards of a chemical, or ways to protect against the hazards, this new information shall be added to the safety data sheet within three months. If the chemical is not currently being produced or imported, the chemical manufacturer or importer shall add the information to the safety data sheet before the chemical is introduced into the workplace again.
1910.1200(g)(6)(i) - Chemical manufacturers or importers shall ensure that distributors and employers are provided an appropriate safety data sheet with their initial shipment, and with the first shipment after a safety data sheet is updated;
1910.1200(g)(7)(iii) - Retail distributors selling hazardous chemicals to employers having a commercial account shall provide a safety data sheet to such employers upon request, and shall post a sign or otherwise inform them that a safety data sheet is available;
1910.1200(g)(7)(iv) - Wholesale distributors selling hazardous chemicals to employers over-the-counter may also provide safety data sheets upon the request of the employer at the time of the over-the-counter purchase, and shall post a sign or otherwise inform such employers that a safety data sheet is available;
1910.1200(g)(7)(v) - If an employer without a commercial account purchases a hazardous chemical from a retail distributor not required to have safety data sheets on file (i.e., the retail distributor does not have commercial accounts and does not use the materials), the retail distributor shall provide the employer, upon request, with the name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor from which a safety data sheet can be obtained;
1910.1200(g)(7)(vi) - Wholesale distributors shall also provide safety data sheets to employers or other distributors upon request; and,
1910.1200(g)(7)(vii) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, and distributors need not provide safety data sheets to retail distributors that have informed them that the retail distributor does not sell the product to commercial accounts or open the sealed container to use it in their own workplaces.
1910.1200(g)(9) - Where employees must travel between workplaces during a workshift, i.e., their work is carried out at more than one geographical location, the safety data sheets may be kept at the primary workplace facility. In this situation, the employer shall ensure that employees can immediately obtain the required information in an emergency.
1910.1200(g)(10) - Safety data sheets may be kept in any form, including as operating procedures, and may be stored in such a way to cover groups of hazardous chemicals in a work area where it may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals. However, the employer shall ensure that in all cases the required information is provided for each hazardous chemical, and is readily accessible during each work shift to employees when they are in their work area(s).
1910.1200(g)(11) - Safety data sheets shall also be made readily available, upon request, to designated representatives, the Assistant Secretary, and the Director, in accordance with the requirements of 1910.1020(e) - access to employee exposure and medical records.
1910.1200(h)(1) - Employers shall provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of their initial assignment, and whenever a new chemical hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is introduced into their work area. Information and training may be designed to cover categories of hazards (e.g., flammability, carcinogenicity) or specific chemicals. Chemical-specific information must always be available through labels and safety data sheets.
1910.1200(i)(3) - In non-emergency situations, a chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer shall, upon request, disclose a specific chemical identity or exact concentration or concentration range, otherwise permitted to be withheld under paragraph (i)(1) of this section, to a health professional (e.g., PLHCP, industrial hygienist, toxicologist, or epidemiologist) providing medical or other occupational health services to exposed employee(s), and to employees or designated representatives, if: [Reference paragraph (i)(3) - (13)].
1910.1200(j)(3)(i) - Chemical manufacturers, importers, and distributors evaluating mixtures shall be in compliance with all modified provisions of this section no later than July 19, 2027.
1910.1200(j)(3)(ii) - For mixtures, all employers shall, as necessary, update any alternative workplace labeling used under paragraph (f)(6) of this section, update the hazard communication program required by paragraph (h)(1) of this section, and provide any additional employee training in accordance with paragraph (h)(3) of this section for newly identified physical hazards, health hazards, or other hazards covered under this section no later than January 19, 2028.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for exposures to methylenedianiline (MDA). Note: Reference paragraph (a)(1)(i) - (iv) for applicability and paragraph (a)(2) - (a)(7) and exceptions.
4,4'Methylenedianiline or MDA means the chemical; 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, Chemical Abstract Service Registry number 101-77-9, in the form of a vapor, liquid, or solid. The definition also includes the salts of MDA.
Special Requirements: Inform, determinations, emergency (action) plan (written), fire prevention plan, alerting employees, procedures, job classification, exposure monitoring (document, records), demonstrate, regulated areas, decontamination areas, change areas, authorized persons, demarcation, posting results, written notification, inspections, work practices, corrective action (records), engineering controls, hazard communication program (written), work practices, labels, examine, compliance program (written), inform, training (records), respiratory protection program (written), signs (posted), inspections, (leak detection) program, medical surveillance program (records), employee information and training program (written materials), copy of standard, licensed physician, records, physician's opinion (written), employer-funded compensation program, objective testing data (records), PPE, monitoring data (records), safety and health procedures, competent organizations, observation procedures, references other standards
1926.60(d) - Communication among employers. On multi-employer worksites, an employer performing work involving the application of MDA or materials containing MDA for which establishment of one or more regulated areas is required shall inform other employers on the site of the nature of the employer's work with MDA and of the existence of, and requirements pertaining to, regulated areas.
1926.60(e)(1)(i) - A written plan for emergency situations shall be developed for each construction operation where there is a possibility of an emergency. The plan shall include procedures where the employer identifies emergency escape routes for his employees at each construction site before the construction operation begins. Appropriate portions of the plan shall be implemented in the event of an emergency.
1926.60(e)(1)(ii) - The plan shall specifically provide that employees engaged in correcting emergency conditions shall be equipped with the appropriate personal protective equipment and clothing as required in paragraphs (i) - respiratory protection, and (j) - protective work clothing and equipment, of this section until the emergency is abated.
1926.60(e)(1)(iii) - The plan shall specifically include provisions for alerting and evacuating affected employees as well as the applicable elements prescribed in 29 CFR 1910.38 and 29 CFR 1910.39, "Emergency action plans" and "Fire prevention plans," respectively.
1926.60(e)(2) - Alerting employees. Where there is the possibility of employee exposure to MDA due to an emergency, means shall be developed to promptly alert employees who have the potential to be directly exposed. Affected employees not engaged in correcting emergency conditions shall be evacuated immediately in the event that an emergency occurs. Means shall also be developed for alerting other employees who may be exposed as a result of the emergency.
1926.60(f)(1)(i) - Determinations of employee exposure shall be made from breathing zone air samples that are representative of each employee's exposure to airborne MDA over an eight (8) hour period. Determination of employee exposure to the STEL shall be made from breathing zone air samples collected over a 15 minute sampling period.
1926.60(f)(1)(ii) - Representative employee exposure shall be determined on the basis of one or more samples representing full shift exposure for each shift for each job classification in each work area where exposure to MDA may occur.
1926.60(f)(1)(iii) - Where the employer can document that exposure levels are equivalent for similar operations in different work shifts, the employer shall only be required to determine representative employee exposure for that operation during one shift.
1926.60(f)(2) - Initial monitoring. Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this standard shall perform initial monitoring to determine accurately the airborne concentrations of MDA to which employees may be exposed unless: [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(i) - (ii)].
1926.60(f)(3) - Periodic monitoring and monitoring frequency. [Reference paragraph (f)(3)(i) - (iv)].
1926.60(f)(4) - Termination of monitoring. [Reference paragraph (f)(4)(i) - (ii)].
1926.60(f)(5) - Additional monitoring. The employer shall institute the exposure monitoring required under paragraphs (f)(2) and (f)(3) of this section when there has been a change in production process, chemicals present, control equipment, personnel, or work practices which may result in new or additional exposures to MDA, or when the employer has any reason to suspect a change which may result in new or additional exposures.
1926.60(f)(6) - Accuracy of monitoring. Monitoring shall be accurate, to a confidence level of 95 percent, to within plus or minus 25 percent for airborne concentrations of MDA.
1926.60(f)(7) - Employee notification of monitoring results. [Reference paragraph (f)(7)(i) - (ii)].
1926.60(f)(8) - Visual monitoring. The employer shall make routine inspections of employee hands, face and forearms potentially exposed to MDA. Other potential dermal exposures reported by the employee must be referred to the appropriate medical personnel for observation. If the employer determines that the employee has been exposed to MDA the employer shall: [Reference paragraph (f)(8)(i) - (iii)].
1926.60(g)(1)(i) - Airborne exposures. The employer shall establish regulated areas where airborne concentrations of MDA exceed or can reasonably be expected to exceed, the permissible exposure limits.
1926.60(g)(1)(ii) - Dermal exposures. Where employees are subject to "dermal exposure to MDA" the employer shall establish those work areas as regulated areas.
1926.60(g)(2) - Demarcation. Regulated areas shall be demarcated from the rest of the workplace in a manner that minimizes the number of persons potentially exposed.
1926.60(g)(3) - Access. Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons.
1926.60(g)(4) - Personal protective equipment and clothing. Each person entering a regulated area shall be supplied with, and required to use, the appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment in accordance with paragraphs (i) - respiratory protection, and (j) - protective work clothing and equipment of this section.
1926.60(g)(5) - Prohibited activities. The employer shall ensure that employees do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply cosmetics in regulated areas.
1926.60(h)(1) - Engineering controls and work practices and respirators. [Reference paragraph (h)(1)(i) - (ii)].
1926.60(h)(2) - Special Provisions. For workers engaged in spray application methods, respiratory protection must be used in addition to feasible engineering controls and work practices to reduce employee exposure to or below the PELs.
1926.60(h)(5)(i) - Compliance program. The employer shall establish and implement a written program to reduce employee exposure to or below the PELs by means of engineering and work practice controls, as required by paragraph (h)(1) of this section, and by use of respiratory protection where permitted under this section.
1926.60(h)(5)(ii) - Upon request this written program shall be furnished for examination and copying to the Assistant Secretary, the Director, affected employees and designated employee representatives. The employer shall review and, as necessary, update such plans at least once every 12 months to make certain they reflect the current status of the program.
1926.60(i)(2) - Respirator program. The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with 1910.134(b) through (d) [except (d)(1)(iii)], and (f) through (m), which covers each employee required by this section to use a respirator.
1926.60(i)(3)(i) - Employers must:
- 1926.60(i)(3)(i)(A) - Select, and provide to employees, the appropriate respirators specified in paragraph (d)(3)(i)(A) of 29 CFR 1910.134 - respiratory protection.
1926.60(j)(1) - Provision and use. Where employees are subject to dermal exposure to MDA, where liquids containing MDA can be splashed into the eyes, or where airborne concentrations of MDA are in excess of the PEL, the employer shall provide, at no cost to the employee, and ensure that the employee uses, appropriate protective work clothing and equipment which prevent contact with MDA such as, but not limited to: [Reference paragraph (j)(1)(i) - (iv)].
- 1926.60(j)(1)(iv) - Other appropriate protective equipment which comply with 29 CFR 1910.133 - eye and face protection
1926.60(j)(2)(iii) - The employer shall ensure that no employee takes MDA-contaminated work clothing or equipment out of the decontamination areas, except those employees authorized to do so for the purpose of laundering, maintenance, or disposal.
1926.60(j)(2)(v) - Containers of MDA-contaminated protective work clothing or equipment which are to be taken out of decontamination areas or the workplace for cleaning, maintenance, or disposal, shall bear labels warning of the hazards of MDA.
1926.60(j)(3)(iv) - Any employer who gives MDA-contaminated clothing to another person for laundering shall inform such person of the requirement to prevent the release of MDA.
1926.60(j)(3)(v) - The employer shall inform any person who launders or cleans protective clothing or equipment contaminated with MDA of the potentially harmful effects of exposure.
1926.60(j)(4)(i) - Visual examination. The employer shall ensure that employees' work clothing is examined periodically for rips or tears that may occur during performance of work.
1926.60(k)(1)(i) - The employer shall provide decontamination areas for employees required to work in regulated areas or required by paragraph (j)(1) of this section to wear protective clothing. Exception: In lieu of the decontamination area requirement specified in paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this section, the employer may permit employees engaged in small scale, short duration operations, to clean their protective clothing or dispose of the protective clothing before such employees leave the area where the work was performed.
1926.60(k)(1)(ii) - Change areas. The employer shall ensure that change areas are equipped with separate storage facilities for protective clothing and street clothing, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.141(e) - sanitation.
1926.60(k)(1)(iii) - Equipment area. The equipment area shall be supplied with impermeable, labeled bags and containers for the containment and disposal of contaminated protective clothing and equipment.
1926.60(k)(2)(i) - Where feasible, shower facilities shall be provided which comply with 29 CFR 1910.141(d)(3) - sanitation, wherever the possibility of employee exposure to airborne levels of MDA in excess of the permissible exposure limit exists.
1926.60(l)(1) - Hazard communication. The employer shall include Methylenedianiline (MDA) in the program established to comply with the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (1910.1200). The employer shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of MDA and safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the provisions of HCS and paragraph (l)(3) of this section. The employer shall ensure that at least the following hazards are addressed: Cancer; liver effects; and skin sensitization.
1926.60(l)(2)(i)(A) - The employer shall post and maintain legible signs demarcating regulated areas and entrances or access-ways to regulated areas that bear the following legend: [Reference paragraph (l)(2)(i)(A) - (B)].
1926.60(l)(2)(ii)(A) - The employer shall ensure that labels or other appropriate forms of warning are provided for containers of MDA within the workplace. The labels shall comply with the requirements of 1910.1200(f) - labels and other forms of warning, and shall include at least the following information for pure MDA and mixtures containing MDA: [Reference paragraph (l)(2)(ii)(A) - (B)].
1926.60(l)(3)(i) - The employer shall provide employees with information and training on MDA, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1200(h) - employee information and training, at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter.
1926.60(l)(3)(ii) - In addition to the information required under 29 CFR 1910.1200 - hazard communication, the employer shall: [Reference paragraph (l)(3)(ii)(A) - (C)].
1926.60(l)(4)(i) - The employer shall make readily available to all affected employees, without cost, all written materials relating to the employee training program, including a copy of this regulation.
1926.60(l)(4)(ii) - The employer shall provide to the Assistant Secretary and the Director, upon request, all information and training materials relating to the employee information and training program.
1926.60(m)(2) - The employer shall institute a program for detecting MDA leaks, spills, and discharges, including regular visual inspections of operations involving liquid or solid MDA.
1926.60(n)(1)(i) - The employer shall make available a medical surveillance program for employees exposed to MDA under the following circumstances: [Reference paragraph (n)(1) - (6)].
1926.60(n)(7)(i) - The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician (i.e., copy of regulation, job description): [Reference paragraph (n)(7)(i) - (ii)].
1926.60(n)(8) - Physician's written opinion. [Reference paragraph (n)(8)(i) - (ii)].
1926.60(n)(9) - Medical removal (i.e., medical determination results, opinion, employer-funded compensation program). [Reference paragraph (n)(9)(i) - (vi)].
1926.60(o)(1)(i) - Where the employer has relied on objective data that demonstrate that products made from or containing MDA are not capable of releasing MDA or do not present a dermal exposure problem under the expected conditions of processing, use, or handling to exempt such operations from the initial monitoring requirements under paragraph (f)(2) of this section, the employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record of objective data reasonably relied upon in support of the exemption.
1926.60(o)(1)(ii) - The record shall include at least the following information: [Reference paragraph (o)(1)(ii)(A) - (E)].
1926.60(o)(1)(iii) - The employer shall maintain this record for the duration of the employer's reliance upon such objective data.
1926.60(o)(2)(i) - Where the employer has relied on historical monitoring data that demonstrate that exposures on a particular job will be below the action level to exempt such operations from the initial monitoring requirements under paragraph (f)(2) of this section, the employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record of historical monitoring data reasonably relied upon in support of the exception.
1926.60(o)(2)(ii) - The record shall include information that reflect the following conditions: [Reference paragraph (o)(2)(ii)(A) - (E)].
1926.60(o)(2)(iii) - The employer shall maintain this record for the duration of the employer's reliance upon such historical monitoring data.
1926.60(o)(3) - The employer may utilize the services of competent organizations such as industry trade associations and employee associations to maintain the records required by this section.
1926.60(o)(4)(i) - The employer shall keep an accurate record of all measurements taken to monitor employee exposure to MDA.
1926.60(o)(4)(ii) - This record shall include at least the following information: [Reference paragraph (o)(4)(ii)(A) - (F)].
1926.60(o)(4)(iii) - The employer shall maintain this record for at least thirty (30) years, in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.33 - access to employee exposure and medical records. Refers to 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
1926.60(o)(5)(i) - The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each employee subject to medical surveillance by paragraph (n) of this section, in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.33 - access to employee exposure and medical records. Refers to 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
1926.60(o)(5)(ii) - The record shall include at least the following information: [Reference paragraph (o)(5)(ii)(A) - (E)].
1926.60(o)(5)(iii) - The employer shall ensure that this record is maintained for the duration of employment plus thirty (30) years, in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.33 - access to employee exposure and medical records. Refers to 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
1926.60(o)(5)(iv) - A copy of the employee's medical removal and return to work status.
1926.60(o)(6) - Training records. The employer shall maintain all employee training records for one (1) year beyond the last date of employment.
1926.60(o)(7)(i) - The employer, upon written request, shall make all records required to be maintained by this section available to the Assistant Secretary and the Director for examination and copying.
1926.60(o)(7)(ii) - The employer, upon request, shall make any exposure records required by paragraphs (f) and (n) of this section available for examination and copying to affected employees, former employees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary, in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.33(a)-(e) and (g)-(i) - access to employee exposure and medical records (Refers to 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records).
1926.60(o)(7)(iii) - The employer, upon request, shall make employee medical records required by paragraphs (n) and (o) of this section available for examination and copying to the subject employee, anyone having the specific written consent of the subject employee, and the Assistant Secretary, in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.33 - access to employee exposure and medical records (Refers to 1910.1020 - access to employee exposure and medical records).
1926.60(o)(8) - Transfer of records. The employer shall comply with the requirements concerning transfer of records set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1020(h) - transfer of records.
1926.60(p)(1) - Employee observation. The employer shall provide affected employees, or their designated representatives, an opportunity to observe the measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to MDA conducted pursuant to paragraph (f) of this section.
1926.60(p)(2) - Observation procedures. When observation of the measuring or monitoring of employee exposure to MDA requires entry into areas where the use of protective clothing and equipment or respirators is required, the employer shall provide the observer with personal protective clothing and equipment or respirators required to be worn by employees working in the area, assure the use of such clothing and equipment or respirators, and require the observer to comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures.
Scope: This standard (Refers to 1910.1201 - Retention of DOT Markings, Placards, and Labels) provides the requirements for retaining DOT markings, placards and labels.
Special Requirements: Markings, placards, labels, references other standards
1910.1201(a) - Any employer who receives a package of hazardous material which is required to be marked, labeled or placarded in accordance with the U. S. Department of Transportation's Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR Parts 171 through 180) shall retain those markings, labels and placards on the package until the packaging is sufficiently cleaned of residue and purged of vapors to remove any potential hazards.
1910.1201(b) - Any employer who receives a freight container, rail freight car, motor vehicle, or transport vehicle that is required to be marked or placarded in accordance with the Hazardous Materials Regulations shall retain those markings and placards on the freight container, rail freight car, motor vehicle or transport vehicle until the hazardous materials which require the marking or placarding are sufficiently removed to prevent any potential hazards.
1910.1201(c) - Markings, placards and labels shall be maintained in a manner that ensures that they are readily visible.
1910.1201(d) - For non-bulk packages which will not be reshipped, the provisions of this section are met if a label or other acceptable marking is affixed in accordance with the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for lead exposures in construction work.
Lead means metallic lead, all inorganic lead compounds, and organic lead soaps. Excluded from this definition are all other organic lead compounds.
Special Requirements: Exposure assessment (document), exposure monitoring, biological monitoring, hazard communication training, safety training and education, employer determination (written records), job classification, employee protective measures, administrative controls, objective data (records), lead results (written statement), engineering controls, work practice controls, work practice program, compliance program (written), administrative control schedule, respiratory protection program, labels, inform launderer (written), change areas, medical surveillance program, licensed physician, employee notification, PPE, reference other standards
1926.62(d)(1)(i) - Exposure assessment. Each employer who has a workplace or operation covered by this standard shall initially determine if any employee may be exposed to lead at or above the action level.
(A) Abrasive blasting,
(B) Welding,
(C) Cutting, and
(D) Torch burning.
1926.62(d)(2)(v) - Until the employer performs an employee exposure assessment as required under paragraph (d) of this section and determines actual employee exposure, the employer shall provide to employees performing the tasks described in paragraphs (d)(2)(i), (d)(2)(ii), (d)(2)(iii) and (d)(2)(iv) of this section with interim protection as follows: [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(v)(A) - (F)].
- 1926.62(d)(2)(v)(F) - Training as required under paragraph (l)(1)(i) of this section regarding 29 CFR 1926.59, Hazard Communication (refers to 1910.1200); training as required under paragraph (1)(2)(iii) of this section, regarding use of respirators; and training in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.21, Safety training and education.
1926.62(d)(3)(i) - Except as provided under paragraphs (d)(3)(iii) and (d)(3)(iv) of this section the employer shall monitor employee exposures and shall base initial determinations on the employee exposure monitoring results and any of the following, relevant considerations: [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i)(A) - (C)].
1926.62(d)(4) - Positive initial determination and initial monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(4)(i) - (ii)].
1926.62(d)(5) - Negative initial determination. Where a determination, conducted under paragraphs (d)(1), (2), and (3) of this section is made that no employee is exposed to airborne concentrations of lead at or above the action level the employer shall make a written record of such determination. The record shall include at least the information specified in paragraph (d)(3)(i) of this section and shall also include the date of determination, location within the worksite, and the name of each employee monitored.
1926.62(d)(6) - Frequency. Exposure monitoring. [Reference paragraph (d)(6)(i) - (iii)].
1926.62(d)(7) - Additional exposure assessments. Whenever there has been a change of equipment, process, control, personnel or a new task has been initiated that may result in additional employees being exposed to lead at or above the action level or may result in employees already exposed at or above the action level being exposed above the PEL, the employer shall conduct additional monitoring in accordance with this paragraph.
1926.62(d)(8) - Employee notification (posting results, written statement). [Reference paragraph (d)(8)(i) - (ii)].
1926.62(e)(1) - Engineering and work practice controls. The employer shall implement engineering and work practice controls, including administrative controls, to reduce and maintain employee exposure to lead to or below the permissible exposure limit to the extent that such controls are feasible. Wherever all feasible engineering and work practices controls that can be instituted are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the permissible exposure limit prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, the employer shall nonetheless use them to reduce employee exposure to the lowest feasible level and shall supplement them by the use of respiratory protection that complies with the requirements of paragraph (f) of this section.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for preventing or minimizing the consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals. These releases may result in toxic, fire or explosion hazards.
Special Requirements: Information (written), safety performance and programs, team, recommendations, emergency action plan (written), training (document), evaluations, work practices, documentation, safety rules, inform, explain, instructions, records, procedures (written), inspections (document), safe work practices, advise, reviews, process hazard analysis (written), information, methodologies, schedules, permits (document), updates, incident reports, reviews, audits, communicate, engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, operating procedures (written), agreements, evaluate, prepare, certify, references other standards
1910.119(c)(1) - Employers shall develop a written plan of action regarding the implementation of the employee participation required by this paragraph.
1910.119(c)(2) - Employers shall consult with employees and their representatives on the conduct and development of process hazards analyses and on the development of the other elements of process safety management in this standard.
1910.119(c)(3) - Employers shall provide to employees and their representatives access to process hazard analyses and to all other information required to be developed under this standard.
1910.119(d) - Process safety information. In accordance with the schedule set forth in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the employer shall complete a compilation of written process safety information before conducting any process hazard analysis required by the standard. The compilation of written process safety information is to enable the employer and the employees involved in operating the process to identify and understand the hazards posed by those processes involving highly hazardous chemicals. This process safety information shall include information pertaining to the hazards of the highly hazardous chemicals used or produced by the process, information pertaining to the technology of the process, and information pertaining to the equipment in the process.
1910.119(d)(1) - Information pertaining to the hazards of the highly hazardous chemicals in the process. This information shall consist of at least the following: [Reference paragraph (d)(1)(i) - (vii)].
1910.119(d)(2) - Information pertaining to the technology of the process. [Reference paragraph (d)(2)(i) - (ii)].
1910.119(d)(3)(i) - Information pertaining to the equipment in the process shall include: [Reference paragraph (d)(3)(i)(A) - (H)].
1910.119(e)(1) - The employer shall perform an initial process hazard analysis (hazard evaluation) on processes covered by this standard. The process hazard analysis shall be appropriate to the complexity of the process and shall identify, evaluate, and control the hazards involved in the process. Employers shall determine and document the priority order for conducting process hazard analyses based on a rationale which includes such considerations as extent of the process hazards, number of potentially affected employees, age of the process, and operating history of the process. The process hazard analysis shall be conducted as soon as possible, but not later than the following schedule: [Reference paragraph (e)(1)(i) - (v)].
1910.119(e)(2) - The employer shall use one or more of the following methodologies that are appropriate to determine and evaluate the hazards of the process being analyzed. [Reference paragraph (e)(2)(i) - (vii)].
1910.119(e)(3) - The process hazard analysis shall address: [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(i) - (vii)].
1910.119(e)(4) - The process hazard analysis shall be performed by a team with expertise in engineering and process operations, and the team shall include at least one employee who has experience and knowledge specific to the process being evaluated. Also, one member of the team must be knowledgeable in the specific process hazard analysis methodology being used.
1910.119(e)(5) - The employer shall establish a system to promptly address the team's findings and recommendations; assure that the recommendations are resolved in a timely manner and that the resolution is documented; document what actions are to be taken; complete actions as soon as possible; develop a written schedule of when these actions are to be completed; communicate the actions to operating, maintenance and other employees whose work assignments are in the process and who may be affected by the recommendations or actions.
1910.119(e)(6) - At least every five (5) years after the completion of the initial process hazard analysis, the process hazard analysis shall be updated and revalidated by a team meeting the requirements in paragraph (e)(4) of this section, to assure that the process hazard analysis is consistent with the current process.
1910.119(e)(7) - Employers shall retain process hazards analyses and updates or revalidations for each process covered by this section, as well as the documented resolution of recommendations described in paragraph (e)(5) of this section for the life of the process.
1910.119(f)(1) - The employer shall develop and implement written operating procedures that provide clear instructions for safely conducting activities involved in each covered process consistent with the process safety information and shall address at least the following elements. [Reference paragraph (f)(1)(i) - (iv)].
1910.119(f)(3) - The operating procedures shall be reviewed as often as necessary to assure that they reflect current operating practice, including changes that result from changes in process chemicals, technology, and equipment, and changes to facilities. The employer shall certify annually that these operating procedures are current and accurate.
1910.119(f)(4) - The employer shall develop and implement safe work practices to provide for the control of hazards during operations such as lockout/tagout; confined space entry; opening process equipment or piping; and control over entrance into a facility by maintenance, contractor, laboratory, or other support personnel. These safe work practices shall apply to employees and contractor employees.
1910.119(g)(1)(i) - Each employee presently involved in operating a process, and each employee before being involved in operating a newly assigned process, shall be trained in an overview of the process and in the operating procedures as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. The training shall include emphasis on the specific safety and health hazards, emergency operations including shutdown, and safe work practices applicable to the employee's job tasks.
1910.119(g)(1)(ii) - In lieu of initial training for those employees already involved in operating a process on May 26, 1992, an employer may certify in writing that the employee has the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely carry out the duties and responsibilities as specified in the operating procedures.
1910.119(g)(2) - Refresher training. Refresher training shall be provided at least every three years, and more often if necessary, to each employee involved in operating a process to assure that the employee understands and adheres to the current operating procedures of the process. The employer, in consultation with the employees involved in operating the process, shall determine the appropriate frequency of refresher training.
1910.119(g)(3) - Training documentation. The employer shall ascertain that each employee involved in operating a process has received and understood the training required by this paragraph. The employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify that the employee understood the training.
1910.119(h)(2) - Employer responsibilities.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(i) - The employer, when selecting a contractor, shall obtain and evaluate information regarding the contract employer's safety performance and programs.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(ii) - The employer shall inform contract employers of the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to the contractor's work and the process.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(iii) - The employer shall explain to contract employers the applicable provisions of the emergency action plan required by paragraph (n) of this section.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(iv) - The employer shall develop and implement safe work practices consistent with paragraph (f)(4) of this section, to control the entrance, presence and exit of contract employers and contract employees in covered process areas.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(v) - The employer shall periodically evaluate the performance of contract employers in fulfilling their obligations as specified in paragraph (h)(3) of this section.
- 1910.119(h)(2)(vi) - The employer shall maintain a contract employee injury and illness log related to the contractor's work in process areas.
1910.119(h)(3) - Contract employer responsibilities.
- 1910.119(h)(3)(i) - The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee is trained in the work practices necessary to safely perform his/her job.
- 1910.119(h)(3)(ii) - The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee is instructed in the known potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to his/her job and the process, and the applicable provisions of the emergency action plan.
- 1910.119(h)(3)(iii) - The contract employer shall document that each contract employee has received and understood the training required by this paragraph. The contract employer shall prepare a record which contains the identity of the contract employee, the date of training, and the means used to verify that the employee understood the training.
- 1910.119(h)(3)(iv) - The contract employer shall assure that each contract employee follows the safety rules of the facility including the safe work practices required by paragraph (f)(4) of this section.
- 1910.119(h)(3)(v) - The contract employer shall advise the employer of any unique hazards presented by the contract employer's work, or of any hazards found by the contract employer's work.
1910.119(i)(1) - Pre-startup safety review. The employer shall perform a pre-startup safety review for new facilities and for modified facilities when the modification is significant enough to require a change in the process safety information.
1910.119(i)(2) - The pre-startup safety review shall confirm that prior to the introduction of highly hazardous chemicals to a process:
- 1910.119(i)(2)(i) - Construction and equipment is in accordance with design specifications;
- 1910.119(i)(2)(ii) - Safety, operating, maintenance, and emergency procedures are in place and are adequate;
- 1910.119(i)(2)(iii) - For new facilities, a process hazard analysis has been performed and recommendations have been resolved or implemented before startup; and modified facilities meet the requirements contained in management of change, paragraph (l).
- 1910.119(i)(2)(iv) - Training of each employee involved in operating a process has been completed.
1910.119(j)(2) - Written procedures. The employer shall establish and implement written procedures to maintain the on-going integrity of process equipment.
1910.119(j)(3) - Training for process maintenance activities. The employer shall train each employee involved in maintaining the on-going integrity of process equipment in an overview of that process and its hazards and in the procedures applicable to the employee's job tasks to assure that the employee can perform the job tasks in a safe manner.
1910.119(j)(4) - Inspection and testing.
- 1910.119(j)(4)(i) - Inspections and tests shall be performed on process equipment.
- 1910.119(j)(4)(ii) - Inspection and testing procedures shall follow recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices.
- 1910.119(j)(4)(iii) - The frequency of inspections and tests of process equipment shall be consistent with applicable manufacturers' recommendations and good engineering practices, and more frequently if determined to be necessary by prior operating experience.
- 1910.119(j)(4)(iv) - The employer shall document each inspection and test that has been performed on process equipment. The documentation shall identify the date of the inspection or test, the name of the person who performed the inspection or test, the serial number or other identifier of the equipment on which the inspection or test was performed, a description of the inspection or test performed, and the results of the inspection or test.
1910.119(j)(6)(ii) - Appropriate checks and inspections shall be performed to assure that equipment is installed properly and consistent with design specifications and the manufacturer's instructions.
1910.119(k) - Hot work permits
- 1910.119(k)(1) - The employer shall issue a hot work permit for hot work operations conducted on or near a covered process.
- 1910.119(k)(2) - The permit shall document that the fire prevention and protection requirements in 29 CFR 1910.252(a) - welding, cutting and brazing, general requirements, have been implemented prior to beginning the hot work operations; it shall indicate the date(s) authorized for hot work; and identify the object on which hot work is to be performed. The permit shall be kept on file until completion of the hot work operations.
1910.119(l)(1) - The employer shall establish and implement written procedures to manage changes (except for "replacements in kind") to process chemicals, technology, equipment, and procedures; and, changes to facilities that affect a covered process.
1910.119(l)(2) - The procedures shall assure that the following considerations are addressed prior to any change.
- 1910.119(l)(2)(iii) - Modifications to operating procedures;
1910.119(l)(3) - Employees involved in operating a process and maintenance and contract employees whose job tasks will be affected by a change in the process shall be informed of, and trained in, the change prior to start-up of the process or affected part of the process.
1910.119(l)(4) - If a change covered by this paragraph results in a change in the process safety information required by paragraph (d) of this section, such information shall be updated accordingly.
1910.119(l)(5) - If a change covered by this paragraph results in a change in the operating procedures or practices required by paragraph (f) of this section, such procedures or practices shall be updated accordingly.
1910.119(m)(1) - The employer shall investigate each incident which resulted in, or could reasonably have resulted in a catastrophic release of highly hazardous chemical in the workplace.
1910.119(m)(2) - An incident investigation shall be initiated as promptly as possible, but not later than 48 hours following the incident.
1910.119(m)(3) - An incident investigation team shall be established and consist of at least one person knowledgeable in the process involved, including a contract employee if the incident involved work of the contractor, and other persons with appropriate knowledge and experience to thoroughly investigate and analyze the incident.
1910.119(m)(4) - A report shall be prepared at the conclusion of the investigation which includes at a minimum [Reference paragraphs (m)(4)(i) - (v)].
1910.119(m)(5) - The employer shall establish a system to promptly address and resolve the incident report findings and recommendations. Resolutions and corrective actions shall be documented.
1910.119(m)(6) - The report shall be reviewed with all affected personnel whose job tasks are relevant to the incident findings including contract employees where applicable.
1910.119(m)(7) - Incident investigation reports shall be retained for five years.
1910.119(n) - Emergency planning and response. The employer shall establish and implement an emergency action plan for the entire plant in accordance with the provisions of 29 CFR 1910.38 - emergency action plans. In addition, the emergency action plan shall include procedures for handling small releases. Employers covered under this standard may also be subject to the hazardous waste and emergency response provisions contained in 29 CFR 1910.120 - hazardous waste operations and emergency response, (a) - clean-up operations, (p) - treatment, storage and disposal (TSD), and (q) - emergency response operations.
1910.119(o) - Compliance Audits.
- 1910.119(o)(1) - Employers shall certify that they have evaluated compliance with the provisions of this section at least every three years to verify that the procedures and practices developed under the standard are adequate and are being followed.
- 1910.119(o)(2) - The compliance audit shall be conducted by at least one person knowledgeable in the process.
- 1910.119(o)(3) - A report of the findings of the audit shall be developed.
- 1910.119(o)(4) - The employer shall promptly determine and document an appropriate response to each of the findings of the compliance audit, and document that deficiencies have been corrected.
- 1910.119(o)(5) - Employers shall retain the two (2) most recent compliance audit reports.
1910.119(p) - Trade secrets.
- 1910.119(p)(1) - Employers shall make all information necessary to comply with the section available to those persons responsible for compiling the process safety information (required by paragraph (d) of this section), those assisting in the development of the process hazard analysis (required by paragraph (e) of this section), those responsible for developing the operating procedures (required by paragraph (f) of this section), and those involved in incident investigations (required by paragraph (m) of this section), emergency planning and response (paragraph (n) of this section) and compliance audits (paragraph (o) of this section) without regard to possible trade secret status of such information.
- 1910.119(p)(2) - Nothing in this paragraph shall preclude the employer from requiring the persons to whom the information is made available under paragraph (p)(1) of this section to enter into confidentiality agreements not to disclose the information as set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200 - hazard communication.
- 1910.119(p)(3) - Subject to the rules and procedures set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1200(i)(1) through 1910.1200(i)(12), employees and their designated representatives shall have access to trade secret information contained within the process hazard analysis and other documents required to be developed by this standard.
Highly hazardous chemical means a substance possessing toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties.
Normally unoccupied remote facility means a facility which is operated, maintained or serviced by employees who visit the facility only periodically to check its operation and to perform necessary operating or maintenance tasks. No employees are permanently stationed at the facility. Facilities meeting this definition are not contiguous with, and must be geographically remote from all other buildings, processes or persons.
Process means any activity involving a highly hazardous chemical including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling, or the on-site movement of such chemicals, or combination of these activities. For purposes of this definition, any group of vessels which are interconnected and separate vessels which are located such that a highly hazardous chemical could be involved in a potential release shall be considered a single process.
Scope: This standard provides the requirements for for clean-up operations by an employer [paragraph (a) - (o)]; treatment, storage and disposal [paragraph (p)]; and emergency response when dealing with hazardous waste [paragraph (q)].
Clean-up operation means an operation where hazardous substances are removed, contained, incinerated, neutralized, stabilized, cleared-up, or in any other manner processed or handled with the ultimate goal of making the site safer for people or the environment.
Emergency response or responding to emergencies means a response effort by employees from outside the immediate release area or by other designated responders (i.e., mutual-aid groups, local fire departments, etc.) to an occurrence which results, or is likely to result, in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance. Responses to incidental releases of hazardous substances where the substance can be absorbed, neutralized, or otherwise controlled at the time of release by employees in the immediate release area, or by maintenance personnel are not considered to be emergency responses within the scope of this standard. Responses to releases of hazardous substances where there is no potential safety or health hazard (i.e., fire, explosion, or chemical exposure) are not considered to be emergency responses.
Special Requirements: Safety and health program (written), training, workplan, safety and health training program, medical surveillance program, PPE, inform contractors, operating procedures, safety and health control procedures, evaluations, information program, organizational structure (written), air monitoring, review, update, spill containment program, confined space procedures, engineering controls, qualified person, emergency response procedures, emergency response plan (written), decontamination procedures, site safety and health supervisor, site control measures, site control program (written elements), briefings, inspections, hazard communication program (written), employee notification, surveys, communication, alerting, safe work practices, instruction, employee training program, personal protective equipment program (written), hazard monitoring procedure, techniques, certificate (written), sampling procedures, entry procedures, trainer qualifications (documented), physician, special precautions, donning and doffing procedures, written opinion, records, HazMat team, records, certification, competency, labels, material handling program, decontamination program, copies, published exposure levels, briefings, training course, references other standards
Clean-Up Operations
1926.65(b)(1)(i) - Employers shall develop and implement a written safety and health program for their employees involved in hazardous waste operations. The program shall be designed to identify, evaluate, and control safety and health hazards, and provide for emergency response for hazardous waste operations.
1926.65(b)(1)(ii) - The written safety and health program shall incorporate the following: [Reference paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(A) - (G)].
1926.65(b)(1)(iii) - Site excavation. Site excavations created during initial site preparation or during hazardous waste operations shall be shored or sloped as appropriate to prevent accidental collapse in accordance with subpart P - excavations, of 29 CFR part 1926.
1926.65(b)(1)(iv) - Contractors and sub-contractors. An employer who retains contractor or sub-contractor services for work in hazardous waste operations shall inform those contractors, sub-contractors, or their representatives of the site emergency response procedures and any potential fire, explosion, health, safety or other hazards of the hazardous waste operation that have been identified by the employer, including those identified in the employer's information program.
1926.65(b)(1)(v) - Program availability. The written safety and health program shall be made available to any contractor or subcontractor or their representative who will be involved with the hazardous waste operation; to employees; to employee designated representatives; to OSHA personnel, and to personnel of other Federal, state, or local agencies with regulatory authority over the site.
1926.65(b)(2)(i) - The organizationa1 structure part of the program shall establish the specific chain of command and specify the overall responsibilities of supervisors and employees. It shall include, at a minimum, the following elements: [Reference paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) - (D)].
1926.65(b)(2)(ii) - The organizational structure shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to reflect the current status of waste site operations.
1926.65(b)(3) - Comprehensive workplan part of the site program. The comprehensive workplan part of the program shall address the tasks and objectives of the site operations and the logistics and resources required to reach those tasks and objectives. [Reference paragraph (b)(3)(i) - (vi)].
1926.65(b)(4)(i) - General. The site safety and health plan, which must be kept on site, shall address the safety and health hazards of each phase of site operation and include the requirements and procedures for employee protection.
1926.65(b)(4)(ii) - Elements. The site safety and health plan, as a minimum, shall address the following: [Reference paragraph (b)(4)(ii)(A) - (J)].
1926.65(b)(4)(iii) - Pre-entry briefing. The site specific safety and health plan shall provide for pre-entry briefings to be held prior to initiating any site activity, and at such other times as necessary to ensure that employees are apprised of the site safety and health plan and that this plan is being followed. The information and data obtained from site characterization and analysis work required in paragraph (c) of this section shall be used to prepare and update the site safety and health plan.
1926.65(b)(4)(iv) - Effectiveness of site safety and health plan. Inspections shall be conducted by the site safety and health supervisor or, in the absence of that individual, another individual who is knowledgeable in occupational safety and health, acting on behalf of the employer as necessary to determine the effectiveness of the site safety and health plan. Any deficiencies in the effectiveness of the site safety and health plan shall be corrected by the employer.
1926.65(c)(1) - General. Hazardous waste sites shall be evaluated in accordance with this paragraph to identify specific site hazards and to determine the appropriate safety and health control procedures needed to protect employees from the identified hazards.
1926.65(c)(2) - Preliminary evaluation. A preliminary evaluation of a site's characteristics shall be performed prior to site entry by a qualified person in order to aid in the selection of appropriate employee protection methods prior to site entry. Immediately after initial site entry, a more detailed evaluation of the site's specific characteristics shall be performed by a qualified person in order to further identify existing site hazards and to further aid in the selection of the appropriate engineering controls and personal protective equipment for the tasks to be performed.
1926.65(c)(3) - Hazard identification. All suspected conditions that may pose inhalation or skin absorption hazards that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH), or other conditions that may cause death or serious harm, shall be identified during the preliminary survey and evaluated during the detailed survey. Examples of such hazards include, but are not limited to, confined space entry, potentially explosive or flammable situations, visible vapor clouds, or areas where biological indicators such as dead animals or vegetation are located.
1926.65(c)(4) - Required information. The following information to the extent available shall be obtained by the employer prior to allowing employees to enter a site: [Reference paragraph (c)(4)(i) - (viii)].
1926.65(c)(5) - Personal protective equipment. Personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be provided and used during initial site entry in accordance with the following requirements: [Reference paragraph (c)(5)(i) - (iv)].
1926.65(c)(6) - Monitoring. The following monitoring shall be conducted during initial site entry when the site evaluation produces information that shows the potential for ionizing radiation or IDLH conditions, or when the site information is not sufficient reasonably to eliminate these possible conditions: [Reference paragraph (c)(6)(i) - (iv)].
1926.65(c)(7) - Risk identification. Once the presence and concentrations of specific hazardous substances and health hazards have been established, the risks associated with these substances shall be identified. Employees who will be working on the site shall be informed of any risks that have been identified. In situations covered by the Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1926.59, training required by that standard need not be duplicated.
1926.65(c)(8) - Employee notification. Any information concerning the chemical, physical, and toxicologic properties of each substance known or expected to be present on site that is available to the employer and relevant to the duties an employee is expected to perform shall be made available to the affected employees prior to the commencement of their work activities. The employer may utilize information developed for the hazard communication standard for this purpose.
1926.65(d)(1) - General. Appropriate site control procedures shall be implemented to control employee exposure to hazardous substances before clean-up work begins.
1926.65(d)(2) - Site control program. A site control program for protecting employees which is part of the employer's site safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section shall be developed during the planning stages of a hazardous waste clean-up operation and modified as necessary as new information becomes available.
1926.65(d)(3) - Elements of the site control program. The site control program shall, as a minimum, include: A site map; site work zones; the use of a "buddy system"; site communications including alerting means for emergencies; the standard operating procedures or safe work practices; and, identification of the nearest medical assistance. Where these requirements are covered elsewhere they need not be repeated.
1926.65(e)(1)(i) - All employees working on site (such as but not limited to equipment operators, general laborers and others) exposed to hazardous substances, health hazards, or safety hazards and their supervisors and management responsible for the site shall receive training meeting the requirements of this paragraph before they are permitted to engage in hazardous waste operations that could expose them to hazardous substances, safety, or health hazards, and they shall receive review training as specified in this paragraph.
1926.65(e)(1)(ii) - Employees shall not be permitted to participate in or supervise field activities until they have been trained to a level required by their job function and responsibility.
1926.65(e)(2) - Elements to be covered. The training shall thoroughly cover the following: [Reference paragraph (e)(2)(i) - (vii)].
1926.65(e)(3) - Initial training. [Reference paragraph (e)(3)(i) - (iv)].
1926.65(e)(4) - Management and supervisor training. On-site management and supervisors directly responsible for, or who supervise employees engaged in, hazardous waste operations shall receive 40 hours initial training, and three days of supervised field experience (the training may be reduced to 24 hours and one day if the only area of their responsibility is employees covered by paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii) and at least eight additional hours of specialized training at the time of job assignment on such topics as, but not limited to, the employer's safety and health program and the associated employee training program, personal protective equipment program, spill containment program, and health hazard monitoring procedure and techniques.
1926.65(e)(5) - Qualifications for trainers. Trainers shall be qualified to instruct employees about the subject matter that is being presented in training. Such trainers shall have satisfactorily completed a training program for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach, or they shall have the academic credentials and instructional experience necessary for teaching the subjects. Instructors shall demonstrate competent instructional skills and knowledge of the applicable subject matter.
1926.65(e)(6) - Training certification. Employees and supervisors that have received and successfully completed the training and field experience specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall be certified by their instructor or the head instructor and trained supervisor as having successfully completed the necessary training. A written certificate shall be given to each person so certified. Any person who has not been so certified or who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (e)(9) of this section shall be prohibited from engaging in hazardous waste operations.
1926.65(e)(7) - Emergency response. Employees who are engaged in responding to hazardous emergency situations at hazardous waste clean-up sites that may expose them to hazardous substances shall be trained in how to respond to such expected emergencies.
1926.65(e)(8) - Refresher training. Employees specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, and managers and supervisors specified in paragraph (e)(4) of this section, shall receive eight hours of refresher training annually on the items specified in paragraph (e)(2) and/or (e)(4) of this section, any critique of incidents that have occurred in the past year that can serve as training examples of related work, and other relevant topics.
1926.65(e)(9) - Equivalent training. Employers who can show by documentation or certification that an employee's work experience and/or training has resulted in training equivalent to that training required in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall not be required to provide the initial training requirements of those paragraphs to such employees and shall provide a copy of the certification or documentation to the employee upon request. However, certified employees or employees with equivalent training new to a site shall receive appropriate, site specific training before site entry and have appropriate supervised field experience at the new site. Equivalent training includes any academic training or the training that existing employees might have already received from actual hazardous waste site work experience.
1926.65(f)(1) - General. Employers engaged in operations specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section and not covered by (a)(2)(iii) exceptions and employers of employees specified in paragraph (q)(9) shall institute a medical surveillance program in accordance with this paragraph.
1926.65(f)(2) - Employees covered. The medical surveillance program shall be instituted by the employer for the following employees: [Reference paragraph (f)(2)(i) - (iv)].
1926.65(f)(4)(i) - Medical examinations required by paragraph (f)(3) of this section shall include a medical and work history (or updated history if one is in the employee's file) with special emphasis on symptoms related to the handling of hazardous substances and health hazards, and to fitness for duty including the ability to wear any required PPE under conditions (i.e., temperature extremes) that may be expected at the work site.
1926.65(f)(4)(ii) - The content of medical examinations or consultations made available to employees pursuant to paragraph (f) shall be determined by the attending physician. The guidelines in the Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities (See appendix D, Reference #10) should be consulted.
1926.65(f)(6) - Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide one copy of this standard and its appendices to the attending physician, and in addition the following for each employee: [Reference paragraph (f)(6)(i) - (v)].
1926.65(f)(7) - Physician's written opinion.
- 1926.65(f)(7)(i) - The employer shall obtain and furnish the employee with a copy of a written opinion from the attending physician containing the following: [Reference paragraph (f)(7)(i)(A) - (D)].
1926.65(f)(8)(i) - An accurate record of the medical surveillance required by paragraph (f) of this section shall be retained. This record shall be retained for the period specified and meet the criteria of 29 CFR 1926.33 - access to employee exposure and medical records.
1926.65(f)(8)(ii) - The record required in paragraph (f)(8)(i) of this section shall include at least the following information: [Reference paragraph (f)(8)(ii)(A) - (D)].
1926.65(g) - Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment for employee protection. Engineering controls, work practices, personal protective equipment, or a combination of these shall be implemented in accordance with this paragraph to protect employees from exposure to hazardous substances and safety and health hazards.
1926.65(g)(1)(i) - Engineering controls and work practices shall be instituted to reduce and maintain employee exposure to or below the permissible exposure limits for substances regulated either in 1926.55 - gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists or other pertinent sections of this part, except to the extent that such controls and practices are not feasible.
1926.65(g)(2) - Engineering controls, work practices, and PPE for substances not regulated either in 1926.55 - gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists , elsewhere in subpart D, or in other pertinent sections of this part. An appropriate combination of engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment shall be used to reduce and maintain employee exposure to or below published exposure levels for hazardous substances and health hazards not regulated either in 1926.55 - gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists, elsewhere in subpart D, or in other pertinent sections of this part. The employer may use the published literature and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) as a guide in making the employer’s determination as to what level of protection the employer believes is appropriate for hazardous substances and health hazards for which there is no permissible exposure limit or published exposure limit.
1926.65(g)(3) - Personal protective equipment selection. [Reference paragraph (g)(3)(i) - (v)].
1926.65(g)(3)(vi) - Personal protective equipment shall be selected and used to meet the requirements of subpart E - personal protective and life saving equipment of this part and additional requirements specified in this section.
1926.65(g)(4) - Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suits. [Reference paragraph (g)(4)(i) - (iii)].
1926.65(g)(5) - Personal protective equipment (PPE) program. A written personal protective equipment program, which is part of the employer's safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section or required in paragraph (p)(1) of this section and which is also a part of the site-specific safety and health plan shall be established. The PPE program shall address the elements listed below. When elements, such as donning and doffing procedures, are provided by the manufacturer of a piece of equipment and are attached to the plan, they need not be rewritten into the plan as long as they adequately address the procedure or element. [Reference paragraph (g)(5)(i) - (x)].
1926.65(h)(1)(i) - Monitoring shall be performed in accordance with this paragraph where there may be a question of employee exposure to hazardous concentrations of hazardous substances in order to assure proper selection of engineering controls, work practices and personal protective equipment so that employees are not exposed to levels which exceed permissible exposure limits, or published exposure levels if there are no permissible exposure limits, for hazardous substances.
1926.65(h)(1)(ii) - Air monitoring shall be used to identify and quantify airborne levels of hazardous substances and safety and health hazards in order to determine the appropriate level of employee protection needed on site.
1926.65(h)(2) - Initial entry. Upon initial entry, representative air monitoring shall be conducted to identify any IDLH condition, exposure over permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels, exposure over a radioactive material's dose limits or other dangerous condition such as the presence of flammable atmospheres or oxygen-deficient environments.
1926.65(h)(3) - Periodic monitoring. Periodic monitoring shall be conducted when the possibility of an IDLH condition or flammable atmosphere has developed or when there is indication that exposures may have risen over permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels since prior monitoring. Situations where it shall be considered whether the possibility that exposures have risen are as follows: [Reference paragraph (h)(3)(i) - (iv)].
1926.65(h)(4) - Monitoring of high-risk employees. After the actual clean-up phase of any hazardous waste operation commences; for example, when soil, surface water or containers are moved or disturbed; the employer shall monitor those employees likely to have the highest exposures to hazardous substances and health hazards likely to be present above permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels by using personal sampling frequently enough to characterize employee exposures. If the employees likely to have the highest exposure are over permissible exposure limits or published exposure limits, then monitoring shall continue to determine all employees likely to be above those limits. The employer may utilize a representative sampling approach by documenting that the employees and chemicals chosen for monitoring are based on the criteria stated above.
1926.65(i) - Informational programs. Employers shall develop and implement a program, which is part of the employer's safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section, to inform employees, contractors, and subcontractors (or their representative) actually engaged in hazardous waste operations of the nature, level and degree of exposure likely as a result of participation in such hazardous waste operations. Employees, contractors and subcontractors working outside of the operations part of a site are not covered by this standard.
1926.65(j)(1)(iii) - When practical, drums and containers shall be inspected and their integrity shall be assured prior to being moved. Drums or containers that cannot be inspected before being moved because of storage conditions (i.e., buried beneath the earth, stacked behind other drums, stacked several tiers high in a pile, etc.) shall be moved to an accessible location and inspected prior to further handling.
1926.65(j)(1)(iv) - Unlabeled drums and containers shall be considered to contain hazardous substances and handled accordingly until the contents are positively identified and labeled.
1926.65(j)(1)(vi) - Prior to movement of drums or containers, all employees exposed to the transfer operation shall be warned of the potential hazards associated with the contents of the drums or containers.
1926.65(k)(1) - General. Procedures for all phases of decontamination shall be developed and implemented in accordance with this paragraph.
1926.65(k)(2) - Decontamination procedures. [Reference paragraph (k)(2)(i) - (iv)].
1926.65(k)(5)(i) - Protective clothing and equipment shall be decontaminated, cleaned, laundered, maintained or replaced as needed to maintain their effectiveness.
1926.65(k)(7) - Commercial laundries or cleaning establishments. Commercial laundries or cleaning establishments that decontaminate protective clothing or equipment shall be informed of the potentially harmful effects of exposures to hazardous substances.
1926.65(k)(8) - Showers and change rooms. Where the decontamination procedure indicates a need for regular showers and change rooms outside of a contaminated area, they shall be provided and meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.141 - sanitation. If temperature conditions prevent the effective use of water, then other effective means for cleansing shall be provided and used.
1926.65(l)(1)(i) - An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented by all employers within the scope of paragraphs (a)(1)(i)-(ii) of this section to handle anticipated emergencies prior to the commencement of hazardous waste operations. The plan shall be in writing and available for inspection and copying by employees, their representatives, OSHA personnel and other governmental agencies with relevant responsibilities.
1926.65(l)(1)(ii) - Employers who will evacuate their employees from the danger area when an emergency occurs, and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency, are exempt from the requirements of this paragraph if they provide an emergency action plan complying with 1926.35 - employee emergency action plans of this part (1926).
1926.65(l)(2) - Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop an emergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following: [Reference paragraph (l)(2)(i) - (xi)].
1926.65(l)(3)(i) - Procedures for handling emergency incidents. In addition to the elements for the emergency response plan required in paragraph (l)(2) of this section, the following elements shall be included for emergency response plans: [Reference paragraph (l)(3)(i) - (vii)].
1926.65(n)(7)(i) - Showers shall be provided and shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.51(f)(4) - sanitation.
1926.65(n)(7)(ii) - Change rooms shall be provided and shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.51(i) - sanitation. Change rooms shall consist of two separate change areas separated by the shower area required in paragraph (n)(7)(i) of this section. One change area, with an exit leading off the worksite, shall provide employees with a clean area where they can remove, store, and put on street clothing. The second area, with an exit to the worksite, shall provide employees with an area where they can put on, remove and store work clothing and personal protective equipment.
1926.65(o)(1) - New technology programs. The employer shall develop and implement procedures for the introduction of effective new technologies and equipment developed for the improved protection of employees working with hazardous waste clean-up operations, and the same shall be implemented as part of the site safety and health program to assure that employee protection is being maintained.
Treatment, Storage and Disposal
1926.65(p)(1) - Safety and health program. The employer shall develop and implement a written safety and health program for employees involved in hazardous waste operations that shall be available for inspection by employees, their representatives and OSHA personnel. The program shall be designed to identify, evaluate and control safety and health hazards in their facilities for the purpose of employee protection, to provide for emergency response meeting the requirements of paragraph (p)(8) of this section and to address as appropriate site analysis, engineering controls, maximum exposure limits, hazardous waste handling procedures and uses of new technologies.
1926.65(p)(2) - Hazard communication program. The employer shall implement a hazard communication program meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.59 - hazard communication, as part of the employer's safety and program.
1926.65(p)(3) - Medical surveillance program. The employer shall develop and implement a medical surveillance program meeting the requirements of paragraph (f) of this section.
1926.65(p)(4) - Decontamination program. The employer shall develop and implement a decontamination procedure meeting the requirements of paragraph (k) of this section.
1926.65(p)(5) - New technology program. The employer shall develop and implement procedures meeting the requirements of paragraph (o) of this section for introducing new and innovative equipment into the workplace.
1926.65(p)(6) - Material handling program. Where employees will be handling drums or containers, the employer shall develop and implement procedures meeting the requirements of paragraphs (j)(1)(ii) through (viii) and (xi) of this section, as well as (j)(3) and (j)(8) of this section prior to starting such work.
1926.65(p)(7) - Training program [Reference paragraph (p)(7)(i) - (iii)].
1926.65(p)(8)(i) - Emergency response plan. An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented by all employers. Such plans need not duplicate any of the subjects fully addressed in the employer's contingency planning required by permits, such as those issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, provided that the contingency plan is made part of the emergency response plan. The emergency response plan shall be a written portion of the employers safety and health program required in paragraph (p)(1) of this section. Employers who will evacuate their employees from the worksite location when an emergency occurs and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (p)(8) if they provide an emergency action plan complying with 1926.35 - employee emergency action plans of this part (1926).
1926.65(p)(8)(ii) - Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop an emergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following areas to the extent that they are not addressed in any specific program required in this paragraph: [Reference paragraph (p)(8)(ii)(A) - (K)].
1926.65(p)(8)(iii)(A) - Training for emergency response employees shall be completed before they are called upon to perform in real emergencies. Such training shall include the elements of the emergency response plan, standard operating procedures the employer has established for the job, the personal protective equipment to be worn and procedures for handling emergency incidents.
1926.65(p)(8)(iii)(B) - Employee members of TSD facility emergency response organizations shall be trained to a level of competence in the recognition of health and safety hazards to protect themselves and other employees. This would include training in the methods used to minimize the risk from safety and health hazards; in the safe use of control equipment; in the selection and use of appropriate personal protective equipment; in the safe operating procedures to be used at the incident scene; in the techniques of coordination with other employees to minimize risks; in the appropriate response to over exposure from health hazards or injury to themselves and other employees; and in the recognition of subsequent symptoms which may result from over exposures.
1926.65(p)(8)(iii)(C) - The employer shall certify that each covered employee has attended and successfully completed the training required in paragraph (p)(8)(iii) of this section, or shall certify the employee's competency at least yearly. The method used to demonstrate competency for certification of training shall be recorded and maintained by the employer.
1926.65(p)(8)(iv) - Procedures for handling emergency incidents. [Reference paragraph (p)(8)(iv)(A) - (F)].
Emergency Response
1926.65(q)(1) - Emergency response plan. An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented to handle anticipated emergencies prior to the commencement of emergency response operations. The plan shall be in writing and available for inspection and copying by employees, their representatives and OSHA personnel. Employers who will evacuate their employees from the danger area when an emergency occurs, and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency, are exempt from the requirements of this paragraph if they provide an emergency action plan in accordance with 1926.35 - employee emergency action plans of this part.
1926.65(q)(2) - Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop an emergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following to the extent that they are not addressed elsewhere: [Reference paragraph (q)(2)(i) - (xii)].
1926.65(q)(3) - Procedures for handling emergency response. [Reference paragraph (q)(3)(i) - (x)].
1926.65(q)(4) - Skilled support personnel. Personnel, not necessarily an employer's own employees, who are skilled in the operation of certain equipment, such as mechanized earth moving or digging equipment or crane and hoisting equipment, and who are needed temporarily to perform immediate emergency support work that cannot reasonably be performed in a timely fashion by an employer's own employees, and who will be or may be exposed to the hazards at an emergency response scene, are not required to meet the training required in this paragraph for the employer's regular employees. However, these personnel shall be given an initial briefing at the site prior to their participation in any emergency response. The initial briefing shall include instruction in the wearing of appropriate personal protective equipment, what chemical hazards are involved, and what duties are to be performed. All other appropriate safety and health precautions provided to the employer's own employees shall be used to assure the safety and health of these personnel.
1926.65(q)(5) - Specialist employees. Employees who, in the course of their regular job duties, work with and are trained in the hazards of specific hazardous substances, and who will be called upon to provide technical advice or assistance at a hazardous substance release incident to the individual in charge, shall receive training or demonstrate competency in the area of their specialization annually.
1926.65(q)(6) - Training. Training shall be based on the duties and function to be performed by each responder of an emergency response organization. The skill and knowledge levels required for all new responders, those hired after the effective date of this standard, shall be conveyed to them through training before they are permitted to take part in actual emergency operations on an incident. Employees who participate, or are expected to participate, in emergency response, shall be given training in accordance with the following paragraphs:
- 1926.65(q)(6)(i) - First responder awareness level. First responders at the awareness level are individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release and who have been trained to initiate an emergency response sequence by notifying the proper authorities of the release. They would take no further action beyond notifying the authorities of the release. First responders at the awareness level shall have sufficient training or have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas: [Reference paragraph (q)(6)(i)(A) - (F)].
- 1926.65(q)(6)(ii) - First responder operations level. First responders at the operations level are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous substances as part of the initial response to the site for the purpose of protecting nearby persons, property, or the environment from the effects of the release. They are trained to respond in a defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the release. Their function is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures. First responders at the operational level shall have received at least eight hours of training or have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas in addition to those listed for the awareness level and the employer shall so certify: [Reference paragraph (q)(6)(ii)(A) - (F)].
- 1926.65(q)(6)(iii) - Hazardous materials technician. Hazardous materials technicians are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases for the purpose of stopping the release. They assume a more aggressive role than a first responder at the operations level in that they will approach the point of release in order to plug, patch or otherwise stop the release of a hazardous substance. Hazardous materials technicians shall have received at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder operations level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify: [Reference paragraph (q)(6)(iii)(A) - (I)].
- 1926.65(q)(6)(iv) - Hazardous materials specialist. Hazardous materials specialists are individuals who respond with and provide support to hazardous materials technicians. Their duties parallel those of the hazardous materials technician, however, those duties require a more directed or specific knowledge of the various substances they may be called upon to contain. The hazardous materials specialist would also act as the site liaison with Federal, state, local and other government authorities in regards to site activities. Hazardous materials specialists shall have received at least 24 hours of training equal to the technician level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify: [Reference paragraph (q)(6)(iv)(A) - (I)].
- 1926.65(q)(6)(v) - On scene incident commander. Incident commanders, who will assume control of the incident scene beyond the first responder awareness level, shall receive at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder operations level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify: [Reference paragraph (q)(6)(v)(A) - (F)].
1926.65(q)(7) - Trainers. Trainers who teach any of the above training subjects shall have satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach, such as the courses offered by the U.S. National Fire Academy, or they shall have the training and/or academic credentials and instructional experience necessary to demonstrate competent instructional skills and a good command of the subject matter of the courses they are to teach.
1926.65(q)(8) - Refresher training. [Reference paragraph (q)(8)(i) - (ii)].
1926.65(q)(9)(i) - Members of an organized and designated HAZMAT team and hazardous materials specialists shall receive a baseline physical examination and be provided with medical surveillance as required in paragraph (f) of this section.
1926.65(q)(10) - Chemical protective clothing. Chemical protective clothing and equipment to be used by organized and designated HAZMAT team members, or to be used by hazardous materials specialists, shall meet the requirements of paragraphs (g)(3) through (5) of this section.
1926.65(q)(11)(ii) - Where the clean-up is done on plant property using plant or workplace employees, such employees shall have completed the training requirements of the following: 29 CFR 1926.35 - employee emergency action plans, 1926.59 - hazard communication, and 1926.103 - respiratory protection, and other appropriate safety and health training made necessary by the tasks that they are expected to be performed such as personal protective equipment and decontamination procedures. All equipment to be used in the performance of the clean-up work shall be in serviceable condition and shall have been inspected prior to use.
Scope: This standard provides requirements for the design and construction of spray booths.
Spray booth. A power-ventilated structure provided to enclose or accommodate a spraying operation to confine and limit the escape of spray, vapor, and residue, and to safely conduct or direct them to an exhaust system.
Special Requirements: Inspections, design, approved sprinklers, approved equipment, signs (posted), references other standards
1926.66(b)(5)(i) - Dry type overspray collectors - (exhaust air filters). The spraying operations except electrostatic spraying operations shall be so designed, installed and maintained that the average air velocity over the open face of the booth (or booth cross section during spraying operations) shall be not less than 100 linear feet per minute. Electrostatic spraying operations may be conducted with an air velocity over the open face of the booth of not less than 60 linear feet per minute, or more, depending on the volume of the finishing material being applied and its flammability and explosion characteristics. Visible gauges or audible alarm or pressure activated devices shall be installed to indicate or insure that the required air velocity is maintained. Filter rolls shall be inspected to insure proper replacement of filter media.
1926.66(b)(5)(iv) - Space within the spray booth on the downstream and upstream sides of filters shall be protected with approved automatic sprinklers.
1926.66(b)(5)(vi) - Clean filters or filter rolls shall be noncombustible or of a type having a combustibility not in excess of class 2 filters as listed by Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. Filters and filter rolls shall not be alternately used for different types of coating materials, where the combination of materials may be conducive to spontaneous ignition.
1926.66(c)(4) - Wiring conformance. Electrical wiring and equipment shall conform to the provisions of this paragraph and shall otherwise be in accordance with subpart S - electrical, of this part.
1926.66(c)(6) - Wiring type approved. Electrical wiring and equipment not subject to deposits of combustible residues but located in a spraying area as herein defined shall be of explosion-proof type approved for Class I, group D locations and shall otherwise conform to the provisions of subpart S - electrical of this part, for Class I, Division 1, Hazardous Locations. Electrical wiring, motors, and other equipment outside of but within 20 feet (6.08 m) of any spraying area, and not separated therefrom by partitions, shall not produce sparks under normal operating conditions and shall otherwise conform to the provisions of subpart S - electrical of this part for Class I, Division 2 Hazardous Locations.
1926.66(c)(8) - Portable lamps. Portable electric lamps shall not be used in any spraying area during spraying operations. Portable electric lamps, if used during cleaning or repairing operations, shall be of the type approved for hazardous Class I locations.
1926.66(d)(1) - Conformance. Ventilating and exhaust systems shall be in accordance with the Standard for Blower and Exhaust Systems for Vapor Removal, NFPA No. 91-1961, where applicable and shall also conform to the provisions of this section.
1926.66(e)(2) - Type approval. Electrostatic apparatus and devices used in connection with coating operations shall be of approved types.
1926.66(e)(6) - Safe distance. A safe distance shall be maintained between goods being painted and electrodes or electrostatic atomizing heads or conductors of at least twice the sparking distance. A suitable sign indicating this safe distance shall be conspicuously posted near the assembly.
1926.66(e)(12) - Fire protection. All areas used for spraying, including the interior of the booth, shall be protected by automatic sprinklers where this protection is available. Where this protection is not available, other approved automatic extinguishing equipment shall be provided.
1926.66(f)(3) - Equipment approval and specifications. Electrostatic hand spray apparatus and devices used in connection with coating operations shall be of approved types. The high voltage circuits shall be designed so as to not produce a spark of sufficient intensity to ignite any vapor-air mixtures nor result in appreciable shock hazard upon coming in contact with a grounded object under all normal operating conditions. The electrostatically charged exposed elements of the handgun shall be capable of being energized only by a switch which also controls the coating material supply.
1926.66(g)(1) - Conformance. Drying, curing, or fusion apparatus in connection with spray application of flammable and combustible finishes shall conform to the Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, NFPA 86A-1969, where applicable and shall also conform with the following requirements of this paragraph.
1926.66(g)(4)(iv) - All electrical wiring and equipment of the drying apparatus shall conform with the applicable sections of subpart S - electrical of this part. Only equipment of a type approved for Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations shall be located within 18 inches (45.72 cm) of floor level. All metallic parts of the drying apparatus shall be properly electrically bonded and grounded.
1926.66(g)(4)(v) - The drying apparatus shall contain a prominently located, permanently attached warning sign indicating that ventilation should be maintained during the drying period and that spraying should not be conducted in the vicinity that spray will deposit on apparatus.